Introduction

There have been various conflicting views presented regarding relationships within this group (see discussion in Wiley & Johnson 2010). We follow Johnson & Patterson (1996) for the classification of the superorder Protacanthopterygii, recognising two orders from Australia: Salmoniformes and Argentiniformes. The order Esociformes is often placed here, but Johnson & Patterson (1996) assigned it to a separate superorder, the Neognathi. Nelson (1994), however, recognised three orders, Salmoniformes, Osmeriformes and Esociformes, treating the deepsea forms as suborders (Argentinoidei and Alepocephaloidei) of Osmeriformes. These two deepsea groups are treated here as suborders of the Argentiniformes. More recently, Nelson (2006) recognised four orders: Argentiniformes, Esociformes, Osmeriformes and Salmoniformes, separating the Osmeriformes from the Salmoniformes. In this work, however, Osmeriformes are treated as a suborder of Salmoniformes. Wiley & Johnson (2010) placed the Esocoidei as a suborder of the Salmoniformes based on molecular work in López et al. 2004. Eschmeyer & Fong (2013) recognised the orders Escociformes, Osmeriformes and Salmoniformes. They included only the Salmonidae in the Salmoniformes and in included the argentiniform fishes within the Osmeriformes. That work appeared to follow Wilson & Williams (2010), who presented evidence for an Order Salmoniformes, and the separate Order Osmeriformes that included the Southern Hemisphere families Lepidogalaxiidae, Galaxiidae, and Retropinnidae, plus the Northern Hemisphere families Osmeridae, Salangidae and Plecoglossidae, and a wide diversity of oceanic fishes, including Argentinidae and other families. Li et al. (2010) and Betancur-R et al. (2014) recognised the orders Galaxiiformes and Lepidogalaxiiformes, and suggested that the Osmeriformes be restricted to the Retropinnidae, Osmeridae, Plecoglossidae and Salangidae. Pending further studies, we retain the classification of Wiley & Johnson (2010).

Argentiniformes are found predominantly in deepsea environments, whereas Salmoniformes occur largely in fresh water, although many species spend part of their life cycle in marine environments. Esociformes are found only in fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere.
.

General References

Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E., Bailly, N, Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes —Version 3. http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm

Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2013. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 2 July 2013. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp

Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1996. Relationships of lower euteleostean fishes. pp. 251-332 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Li, J., Xia, R., McDowall, R.M., Lopéz, J.A., Lei, G. & Fu, C. 2010. Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Lepidogalaxias salamandroides with comment on the orders of lower euteleostean fishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(2): 932-936

López, J. A., Chen W. J. & Ortí, G. 2004. Esociform phylogeny. Copeia 2004: 440-464

Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the World. New York : John Wiley & Sons 600 pp.

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Wilson, M.V.H. & Williams, R.R.G. 2010. Salmoniform fishes: key fossils, supertree, and possible morphological synapomorphies. pp. 379–409 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

History of changes

Introduction

There is ongoing debate regarding the higher relationships of the ray-finned fishes. Relationships were previously studied by Begle (1991, 1992) and Fink (1984). The Argentiniformes was divided into the suborders Argentinioidei and Alepocephaloidei (Johnson & Patterson 1996; Hoese et al. 2006; Nelson 2006; Wiley & Johnson 2010). However, other workers have included the group in the Order Osmeriformes, or sometimes as the Argentiniformes (Eschmeyer & Fong 2013, Wilson & Williams 2010).

Molecular studies have suggested a very different classification. The molecular phylogenetic studies of Lavoué et al. (2008) and Poulsen et al. (2009), recognised the orders Osmeriformes and Alepocephaliformes, and placed the alepocephaloids as the sister group to Ostariophyisi. Li et al. (2010) and Betancur-R et al. (2014) suggested that the Osmeriformes should be restricted to the Retropinnidae, Osmeridae, Plecoglossidae and Salangidae. They recognised the orders Alepocephaliformes (as sister group to Ostariophyisi), Galaxiiformes, and Lepidogalaxiiformes.

Until further studies resolve the apparent conflict, we retain the classification outlined in Wiley & Johnson (2010). Argentiniformes, as recognised here, are found predominantly in deepsea environments.

General References

Begle, D.P. 1991. Relationships of the osmeroid fishes and the use of reductive characters in phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Zoology 40(1): 33-53

Begle, D.P. 1992. Monophyly and relationships of argentinoid fishes. Copeia 1992(2): 350-366

Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E., Bailly, N, Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes —Version 3. http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm

Fink, W.A. 1984. Basal Teleosts: relationships. pp. 202-206 in Moser, H.G. et al. (eds). Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Special Publication 1: 1-760

Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1996. Relationships of lower euteleostean fishes. pp. 251-332 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Lavoué, S., Miya, M., Poulsen, J.Y. Møller, P.R. & Nishida, M. 2008. Monophyly, phylogenetic position and inter-familial relationships of the Alepocephaliformes (Teleostei) based on whole mitogenome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1111–1121

Li, J., Xia, R., McDowall, R.M., Lopéz, J.A., Lei, G. & Fu, C. 2010. Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Lepidogalaxias salamandroides with comment on the orders of lower euteleostean fishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57(2): 932-936

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp. [190]

Poulsen, J.Y., Møller, P.R., Lavoué, S., Knudsen, S.W., Nishida, M. & Miya, M. 2009. Higher and lower-level relationships of the deep-sea fish order Alepocephaliformes (Teleostei: Otocephala) inferred from whole mitogenome sequences. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 98(923–936)

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Williams, R.R.G. 1987. The phylogenetic relationships of the salmoniform fishes based on the suspensiorium and its muscles. PhD Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Wilson, M.V.H. & Williams, R.R.G. 2010. Salmoniform fishes: key fossils, supertree, and possible morphological synapomorphies. pp. 379–409 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

History of changes

Introduction

The suborder Argentinoidei contains four families of deepsea fishes found in all oceans. Many species are widespread but rarely collected and it is likely that there are more species present in Australian waters than represented by current collections. Although the classification given here follows that of Johnson & Patterson (1996) and Wiley & Johnson (2010), recent authors have elevated the group to ordinal status (Betancur et al. 2014).

General References

Betancur-R, R., Broughton, R.E., Wiley, E.O., Carpenter, K., López, J.A., Li, C., Holcroft, N.I., Arcila, D., Sanciangco, M., Cureton, II J.C., Zhang, F., Buser, T &, Campbell, M.A., Ballesteros, J.A., Roa-Varon, A., Willis, S., Borden, W.C., Rowley, T., Reneau, P.C., Hough, D.J., Lu, G., Grande, T., Arratia, G. & Ortí, G. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life Edition 1: doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E., Bailly, N, Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes —Version 3. http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm

Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1996. Relationships of lower euteleostean fishes. pp. 251-332 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp. [141]

History of changes

Introduction

The Bathylagidae comprise eight genera and 24 described species, and nine species in six genera are known from Australian waters. Johnson & Patterson (1996) and Wiley & Johnson (2010) included this group as a subfamily of the Microstomatidae, whereas other authors (Paxton & Cohen 1999; Nelson 2006; Eschmeyer & Fong 2014), treated the group as a distinct family.

Deepsea smelts are meso- to bathypelagic in all oceans. Typically, they have large eyes and are relatively slender-bodied fishes similar to argentinids, differing in the absence of a swimbladder and the presence of only two branchiostegal rays (vs 3–5). The stomach contents of one species included crustaceans. Maximum length is about 25 cm.

Cohen (1964) revised the North Atlantic species of deepsea smelts. Kobyliansky (1985, 1986) treated a number of species and genera, and Kobyliansky (1990) presented a key to species of Bathylagichthys. Gon (1990) treated species found in the Southern Ocean, and Gomon (2008) treated species found off southern Australia. Gorelova & Kobyliansky (1985) studied feeding habits of bathylagids. Relationships of the subfamily are discussed by Ahlstrom et al. (1984).

General References

Ahlstrom, E.H., Moser, H.G. & Cohen, D.M. 1984. Argentinoidei: development and relationships. pp. 155-169 figs 82-88 in Moser, H.G. et al. (eds). Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Special Publication 1: 1-760

Cohen, D.M. 1964. Suborder Argentinoidea. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(4): 1-70 figs 1-20

Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2014. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 19 May 2014. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Microstomatidae. pp. 199-201 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp.

Gon, O. 1990. Bathylagidae. pp. 107-110 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp.

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. A new species of the genus Bathylagichthys (Pisces, Bathylagidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 3884(4): 371-378 [377]

Gorelova, T.A. & Kobyliansky, S.G. 1985. Feeding of deepsea fishes of the Family Bathylagidae. Journal of Ichthyology 25(3): 89-100

Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1996. Relationships of lower euteleostean fishes. pp. 251-332 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1985. Material for the revision of the genus Bathylagus Günther (Bathylagidae): the group of "light" deepsea smelts. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 25(1): 51-67 [in Russian; English translation in J. Ichthyol. 25(2): 1–17]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian]

Kobyliansky, S.H. 1990. Taxonomic status of microstomatid fishes and problems of classification of suborder Argentinoidei (Salmoniformes, Teleostei). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Moskva 125: 148-177

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Argentinidae. p. 1884 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068.

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1886] (Deepsea Smelts)

History of changes

• Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [48].

  Type species:

   Bathylagus longipinnis Kobyliansky, 1985 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Norfolk Island Province (21), Macquarie Island Province (24), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

History of changes

• Bathylagichthys australis Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [539, fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMM P.18060 (depth 0-200 m), Indian Ocean [44°55´S, 134°46´W].
  Paratype(s) IOAN.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

East of Tathra, NSW (36°43'S), to east of Cape Barren Island, TAS (40°28'S), also Tasman Sea and Southern Ocean outside AUS EEZ, recorded from Kerguelen Islands and probably present around Heard and MacDonald Islands; temperate, south Indo-Pacific.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11)

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

800-1000 m in Australia, 50-1000 m elsewhere.

General References

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [30]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Microstomatidae. pp. 199-201 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [200]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [375]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Southern Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

• Bathylagus greyae Cohen, D.M. 1958. Two new species of Bathylagus from the western North Atlantic with notes on other species. Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 98: 1-9 [5, fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype FMNH 49730 (depth 500-550 m), near Bermuda [32°13.5´N, 64°32.5´W].
  Paratype(s) CAS(SU) 50974.

Generic Combinations

• Bathylagichthys greyae (Cohen, 1958). —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [49] (changed combination with description of genus Bathylagichthys)

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

East of Maria Island, TAS (42°40'S, 148°25'E) to southwest of Cape Leeuwin, WA (35°02'S, 114°46'S); temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

100-920 m.

General References

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. A new species of the genus Bathylagichthys (Pisces, Bathylagidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 3884(4): 371-378 [373]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [542]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [375]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Grey's Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

• Bathylagichthys kobylianskyi Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. A new species of the genus Bathylagichthys (Pisces, Bathylagidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 3884(4): 371-378.

  Type data:

   Holotype NMNZ P.35456, Hikurangi Trench, New Zealand [42°12’S, 177°30’E].
  Paratype(s) NMNZ P.13911, East Cape Ridge to southern Kermadec Trench, North Island, NZ [37°50.9’S, 178°55.4’E]; NMNZ P.13912, off Mahia Peninsula, outer Hikurangi Trench, North Island, NZ [39°9.51’S, 179°10.7’E]; NMNZ P.13914, SE of Gisborne, western Hikurangi Trench, North Island, NZ [39°5.07'S, 178°37.69'E]; NMNZ P.13915 (2), E of East Cape Ridge, North Island, NZ [38°22.16'S, 179°15.69'E]; NMNZ P.13916 (2), Gisborne, Ranfurly Bank, North Island, NZ [38°22.0’S, 179°45.9'E]; NMNZ P.17971 (3), East Cape Ridge, North Island, NZ [38°22'S, 179°35.35'E]; NMNZ P.17992 (5), E of Mahia Peninsula, North Island, NZ [39°0.64'S, 178°26.065'E]; NMNZ P.19969, Gisborne, SE of East Cape, North Island, NZ [37°51.65'S, 178°55.7'E]; NMNZ P.20680, East Cape sampling area, North Island, NZ; NMNZ P.35414, Hikurangi Trench, NZ [40°05.0’S, 179°20.0’E]; NMNZ P.39740, Southern New Caledonian Basin [35º59.02'S, 170º03.58'E]; NMNZ P.53051, Hikurangi Trench, NZ [40°08.46’S, 178°14.59’E]; NMNZ P.54489, Hawke’s Bay, N of Mahia Peninsula, North Island, NZ [39°09.95’S, 178°48.76’E]; NMNZ P.56083, collected with holotype; NMNZ P.18546 (2), E of Wanganella Bank [32°14.35'S, 167°47.8'E]; NMNZ P.18917 (3), northern central Tasman Basin [40°06.95'S, 160°15.75'E]; BMNH 2014.7.21.2–3 (2) (ex NMNZ P.13912); CSIRO H 7584-01 (2) (ex NMNZ P.13911); SAIAB 200132 (3) (ex NMNZ P.13916); MCZ 171511 (ex NMNZ P.18917); NSMT 120864 (2) (ex NMNZ P.18917); USNM 432150 (3) (ex NMNZ P.18917).

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Bathylagichthys problematicus Lloris & Rucabado, 1985 [a misidentification]. —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [27] (in key to species of Bathylagichthys)

Introduction

This species was described based on a large number of misidentified B. problematicus and it is possible that some records of B. problematicus from Australia represent this species (see Gon & Stewart 2014).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

One record from inside AUS EEZ south of Norfolk Island (32°14'S, 167°48'E), but also recorded from southern Tasman Sea and likely to be present in Australian waters; temperate

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21)

General References

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. A new species of the genus Bathylagichthys (Pisces, Bathylagidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 3884(4): 371-378 [377]

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Bathylagidae. pp. 337-345 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [339]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [27] (as B. problematicus, in key)

History of changes

• Bathylagus longipinnis Kobyliansky, S.G. 1985. Material for the revision of the genus Bathylagus Günther (Bathylagidae): the group of "light" deepsea smelts. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 25(1): 51-67 [in Russian; English translation in J. Ichthyol. 25(2): 1–17] [52, Fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMMU P-16296, Southwestern Indian Ocean close to southeastern Atlantic, depth 200-0 m [41°34'S, 22°41'E].
  Paratype(s) IOAN uncat.

Generic Combinations

• Bathylagichthys longipinnis (Kobyliansky, 1985). —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [48] (changed combination as type of genus Bathylagichthys)

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

East of Maria Island, TAS (42°40'S, 148°26'E), and eastwards into the southern Tasman Sea (41°08'S, 152°16'E); temperate, Atlantic-Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

200-600 m, elsewhere 75-400 m

General References

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [31]

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Bathylagidae. pp. 337-345 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [340]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [542]

History of changes

• Nansenia problematica Lloris, D. & Rucabado, J.A. 1985. A new species of Nansenia (N. problematica) (Salmoniformes: Bathylagidae) from the southeast Atlantic. Copeia 1985(1): 141-145 [142, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype IIPB IIPB 707/1981, Namibia, off southwestern Africa, depth 615 meters [27°02'S, 13°55'E].
  Paratype(s) IIPB 708/1981; IIPB 709/1981; IIPB 710/1981; IIPB 711/1981.

Generic Combinations

• Bathylagichthys problematicus (Lloris & Rucabado, 1985). —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [542] (changed combination cited)

Introduction

The recent description of B. kobylianskyi Gon & Stewart 2014 from New Zealand based on specimens originally misidentified as B. problematicus has raised some doubt over the presence of B. problematicus in Australia. Furthermore, a key to the genus provided by Kobyliansky (1990) also listed B. kobylianskyi misidentified as B. problematicus (see Gon & Stewart 2014). While records of B. problematicus from Australia may prove to be misidentifications we retain the species here until Australian museum records can be re-examined.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Southwest of Port MacDonnell, SA (38°19'S, 140°21'E), also east of Cape Barren Island, TAS, just outside AUS EEZ, and Macquarie Island; temperate, Atlantic and south-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, continental rise, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

200-1200 m.

General References

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [32]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Microstomatidae. pp. 199-201 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [200]

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. A new species of the genus Bathylagichthys (Pisces, Bathylagidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa 3884(4): 371-378 [373]

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Bathylagidae. pp. 337-345 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [342]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1990. Two new species of the genus Bathylagichthys Kobyliansky (Bathylagidae, Salmoniformes) from Southern Hemisphere subpolar waters. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 30(4): 537-542 [English translation in J. Ichthyol. 30(5):21–27] [542] (Listed in key, but based on a misidentification of B. kobylianskyi Gon & Stewart 2014)

History of changes

• Bathylagoides Whitley, G.P. 1951. New fish names and records. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1949–50: 61-68 figs 8-10 [61] [first introduced as a subgenus of Bathylagus Günther, 1878].

  Type species:

   Bathylagus argyrogaster Norman, 1930 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Discontinuous (south-west Pacific and South Atlantic).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10)

History of changes

• Bathylagus argyrogaster Norman, J.R. 1930. Oceanic fishes and flatfishes collected in 1925–1927. Discovery Reports 2: 261-370 figs 1-47 pls 1-2 [273, fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1930.1.12.12-20 9 specimens (depth 125-175 m), South Atlantic [2°43´30"S, 0°56´30"W].

Generic Combinations

• Bathylagoides argyrogaster (Norman, 1930). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1951. New fish names and records. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1949–50: 61-68 figs 8-10 [61] (changed combination as subgenus Bathylagus (Bathylagoides) argyrogaster)
  Carter, J. A. and Hartel, K. E. 2003. Argentinidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae, Alepocephalidae, and Platytroctidae. Pp. 866-880 in Carpenter, K.E. (ed.). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Rome : FAO & American Society of Ichthyologists & Herpetologists Vol. 2 602-1373 pp. [870] (changed combination cited)

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Off southwestern TAS (44º11´S, 143º36´E); temperate, discontinuous (south-west Pacific and South Atlantic).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, pelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

125-175 m.

General References

Carter, J. A. and Hartel, K. E. 2003. Argentinidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae, Alepocephalidae, and Platytroctidae. Pp. 866-880 in Carpenter, K.E. (ed.). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Rome : FAO & American Society of Ichthyologists & Herpetologists Vol. 2 602-1373 pp. [870]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1985. Material for the revision of the genus Bathylagus Günther (Bathylagidae): the group of "light" deepsea smelts. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 25(1): 51-67 [in Russian; English translation in J. Ichthyol. 25(2): 1–17] [64] (as Bathylagus argyrogaster)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [29] (201, as Bathylagus argyrogaster)

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [375]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [168] (as Bathylagus argyrogaster)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [35] (221, as Bathylagus argyrogaster)

Common Name References

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [29] (Silver Big-eye Smelt)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Silver Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

• Bathylagus Günther, A. 1878. Preliminary notices of deep-sea fishes collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 2(2, 22, 28): 17-28, 179-187, 248-251 [248].

  Type species:

   Bathylagus antarcticus Günther, 1878 by subsequent designation, see Jordan, D.S. 1919. The genera of fishes. Part 3. Stanford University Publications, University Series 39: 285-410 [395].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Southern circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

History of changes

• Bathylagus antarcticus Günther, A. 1878. Preliminary notices of deep-sea fishes collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 2(2, 22, 28): 17-28, 179-187, 248-251 [248].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1887.12.7.230 (depth 1950 fathoms), Southern Ocean [53°55´S, 108°53´E].
• Bathylagus glacialis Regan, C.T. 1913. The Antarctic fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 49(2): 229-292 figs 1-6 pls 1-11 [231, pl. 9 (fig. 2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1912.7.1.63-64, Weddell Sea, Antarctica.
  Syntype(s) NMSZ 1921.143.307, Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Gon, O. 1990. Bathylagidae. pp. 107-110 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [107]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Off Newcastle, NSW (33º09´S, 153º05'E) to west of Granville Harbour, TAS (41º53´S, 144º24´E), also recorded throughout Australian Antarctic Territory; temperate, southern circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

200-3600 m.

General References

Gomon, M.F. 1994. Family Bathylagidae. 240 fig. 214 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [240]

Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds) 1990. Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [107]

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [29] (200)

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [375]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [168]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [35] (222, as Bathylagus (Bathylagoides) antarcticus)

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F. 1994. Family Bathylagidae. 240 fig. 214 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [240] (Antarctic Deepsea Smelt, Antarctic Big-eyed Smelt)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [29] (Antarctic Big-eye Smelt)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Antarctic Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

• Dolicholagus Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [46].

  Type species:

   Bathylagus longirostris Maul, 1948 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Northwest Province (4)

History of changes

• Bathylagus longirostris Maul, G.E. 1948. Monografia dos peixes do Museu Municipal do Funchal. Ordem Isospondyli. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal 3(5): 5-41 [35, fig. 14].

  Type data:

   Holotype MMF, off Madeira.

Generic Combinations

• Dolicholagus longirostris (Maul, 1948). —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [46] (changed combination as type species of genus Dolicholagus)

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Northwest Shelf (20°54´S, 113°08´E); tropical, subtropical, circumglobal

IMCRA

Northwest Province (4)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

200-945 m.

General References

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1985. Material for the revision of the genus Bathylagus Günther (Bathylagidae): the group of "light" deepsea smelts. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 25(1): 51-67 [in Russian; English translation in J. Ichthyol. 25(2): 1–17]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [375]

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1886]

Common Name References

FAO-FIES 2015. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Information System (ASFIS) species list. 13/04/2015. http://www.fao.org/fishery/collection/asfis/en (Longsnout Blacksmelt)

Fishbase 2004. Fishbase at. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary. (Fishbase) (Longsnout Blacksmelt)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Longsnout Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

• Lipolagus Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [47].

  Type species:

   Bathylagus ochotensis Schmidt, 1938 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Temperate, north Pacific.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12)

History of changes

• Bathylagus ochotensis Schmidt, P.J. 1938. Three new deepsea fishes from the Okhotsk Sea. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 19(8): 653-656 [654].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZIL 24498 (depth 592 m), Kamchatka, Okhotsk Sea [55°18´N, 146°39´E].

Generic Combinations

• Lipolagus ochotensis (Schmidt, 1938). —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [47] (changed combination as type species of genus Lipolagus)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off Newcastle (33º01´S, 153º00'E) to off Brush Island (35º36´S, 150º55'E), NSW; temperate, north Pacific.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, epipelagic, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

0-6100 m.

General References

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1985. Material for the revision of the genus Bathylagus Günther (Bathylagidae): the group of "light" deepsea smelts. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 25(1): 51-67 [in Russian; English translation in J. Ichthyol. 25(2): 1–17] [59] (as Bathylagus ochotensis)

Kobyliansky, S.H. 1990. Taxonomic status of microstomatid fishes and problems of classification of suborder Argentinoidei (Salmoniformes, Teleostei). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Moskva 125: 148-177 [148]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [376]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [169] (as Bathylagus ochotensis)

Common Name References

Fishbase 2004. Fishbase at. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary. (Fishbase) (Eared Blacksmelt)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Fatty Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

• Melanolagus Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [45].

  Type species:

   Scopelus bericoides Borodin, 1929 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Tropical, temperate circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Macquarie Island Province (24)

History of changes

• Scopelus bericoides Borodin, N.A. 1929. Some new deep sea fishes. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club, Boston 10: 109-111 [110].

  Type data:

   Holotype MCZ 31627 (depth 0-800 fathoms), North Atlantic [41°30'N, 45°57'W].

Generic Combinations

• Melanolagus bericoides (Borodin, 1929). —
  Kobyliansky, S.G. 1986. Materials for a revision of the family Bathylagidae (Teleostei, Salmoniformes). Transactions. P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology 121: 6-50 [in Russian] [45] (changed combination as type species of the genus Melanolagus)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

North of Osprey Reef, Coral Sea (12º22'S, 146º29'E) to east of Cairns, QLD (16º49'S, 146º59'E), and off Sydney, NSW (33º54'S, 151º54'E) to west of Granville Harbour, TAS (41º48'S, 144º26'E), also north of Macquarie Island; tropical, temperate, circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

100-1700 m

General References

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [33]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Microstomatidae. pp. 199-201 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [201]

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Bathylagidae. pp. 337-345 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [345]

Miya, M. 1994. Seasonal occurrence of deep-sea bathylagid fishes in Sagami Bay, Central Japan, with notes on their reproduction. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 40(4): 433-440 [435] (as Bathylagus bericoides)

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [376]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [168] (as Bathylagus bericoides)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Bigscale Deepsea Smelt)

History of changes

Introduction

The Argentinidae comprise two genera and 28 species (Eschmeyer & Fong 2014) and are found in all oceans (Kobyliansky 1998; Nelson 2006). Three described species in two genera are known from Australian waters (Paxton et al. 2006).

Herring smelts are benthopelagic on the outer shelf and upper slope of all oceans, rarely to 1400 m, and are carnivores, feeding on epibenthic and some pelagic invertebrates and fishes (Paxton & Cohen 1999). Maximum size is about 56 cm.

Argentinids were revised, as a subfamily, by Cohen (1958, 1964). Cohen & Atsaides (1970) revised the genus Argentina. Relationships of the genera of argentinids and bathylagids have been the subject of some debate. Ahlstrom et al. (1984) and Begle (1992) removed the subfamily Microstomatinae and its three genera from Argentinidae, assigning it familial rank, more closely related to the Bathylagidae. At least one undescribed species is known from Australian waters. A comprehensive revision of the family is needed.

General References

Ahlstrom, E.H., Moser, H.G. & Cohen, D.M. 1984. Argentinoidei: development and relationships. pp. 155-169 figs 82-88 in Moser, H.G. et al. (eds). Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Special Publication 1: 1-760

Begle, D.P. 1992. Monophyly and relationships of argentinoid fishes. Copeia 1992(2): 350-366

Cohen, D.M. 1958. A revision of the fishes of the subfamily Argentininae. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. Biological Sciences 3(3): 93-172 figs 1-9

Cohen, D.M. 1964. Suborder Argentinoidea. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(4): 1-70 figs 1-20

Cohen, D.M. & Atsaides, S.P. 1970. Additions to a revision of argentinine fishes. Fishery Bulletin (U.S.) 68(1): 13-36 figs 1-13

Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2014. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 19 May 2014. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp

Kobyliansky, S.G. 1998. Four new Indo-Pacific species and a new key to species of the genus Glossanodon (Argentinidae). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 38(6): 725-736

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Argentinidae. pp. 369-370 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp.

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1884]

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1884] (FAO) (Argentines)

History of changes

• Argentina Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [315].

  Type species:

   Argentina sphyraena Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

ARGENTINIDAE: Argentina elongata Hutton, 1879 [restricted to New Zealand] — Cohen, D.M. & Atsaides, S.P. 1970. Additions to a revision of argentinine fishes. Fishery Bulletin (U.S.) 68(1): 13-36 figs 1-13 [18]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

History of changes

• Argentina elongata australiae Cohen, D.M. 1958. A revision of the fishes of the subfamily Argentininae. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. Biological Sciences 3(3): 93-172 figs 1-9 [138].

  Type data:

   Holotype CAS(SU) 49730, off Eden, NSW.
  Paratype(s) CAS(SU) 49528 (11 specimens); CAS(SU) 49731.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Argentina elongata Hutton, 1879 [misidentification using New Zealand species name, which was used in Australia prior to the description of A. australiae]. —
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [44]
  Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [199]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Scotts Head, NSW (30°43'S, 153°16'E) to northwest of Broome, WA (17º26´S, 120º26'E) and TAS; temperate.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, benthopelagic, continental shelf, marine.

Extra Ecological Information

62-306 m

General References

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Family Argentinidae. 239 fig. 213 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [239]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Argentinidae. pp. 198-199 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [199]

Hutchins, J.B. 2001. Checklist of the fishes of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 63: 9-50 [18]

Kobyliansky, S.G. 2004. Argentina brasiliensis sp. nova (Argentinidae) new species of argentinid fish from the coastal subtropical waters of the southwestern Atlantic. Journal of Ichthyology 44(8): 563-568 [607]

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. [205]

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [29] (199, as A. elongata)

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Argentinidae. pp. 369-370 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [370]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [166]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [35] (220)

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Argentinidae. pp. 198-199 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [199] (Silverside)

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [239] (Deepsea Smelt)

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. [205] (Silverside)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Munro, I.S.R. [1956–] 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos. 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1–172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [29]) (Silverside)

History of changes

• Glossanodon Guichenot, A. 1867. Icthyologie. III. L'Argentine leioglosse, nouveau genre de salmonidés. Annales de la Société Linnéenne Départ. de Maine-et-Loire 9: 7-9 [not seen] [7].

  Type species:

   Argentina leioglossa Valenciennes, 1848 by original designation.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

ARGENTINIDAE: Glossanodon struhsakeri Cohen, 1970 [Australian records based on Glossanodon australis and G. pseurolineatus] — Kobyliansky, S.G. 1998. Four new Indo-Pacific species and a new key to species of the genus Glossanodon (Argentinidae). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 38(6): 725-736 [727]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Central Eastern Transition (15), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Norfolk Island Province (21), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Glossanodon australis Kobyliansky, S.G. 1998. Four new Indo-Pacific species and a new key to species of the genus Glossanodon (Argentinidae). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 38(6): 725-736 [730, fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.27585-003 (depth 322-331 m), Tasman Sea, West Pacific [31°51´9"S, 167°49´5"E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.27585-004 (5 specimens).

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Glossanodon struhsakeri [a misidentification, in part, of eastern Australia material]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [167]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Off Raine Island, QLD (11°35´S, 144°02'E) to SE of Tweed Heads (28°14'S, 153°50'E), NSW, and south of Norfolk Island (31°52'S, 167°49'E); tropical, west Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Norfolk Island Province (21), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Benthopelagic, continental shelf, continental slope, marine.

Extra Ecological Information

137-445 m.

General References

Endo, H. & Nashida, K. 2010. Glossodon kotakamaru, a new argentine fish from southern Japan (Protacanthopterygii: Argentinidae). Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science A Supplement 4: 119-127 [119]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Argentinidae. pp. 369-370 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [370]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [167] (as G. struhsakeri, in part, eastern Australia)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Southern Herring Smelt)

History of changes

• Glossanodon elongatus Kobyliansky, S.G. 1998. Four new Indo-Pacific species and a new key to species of the genus Glossanodon (Argentinidae). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 38(6): 725-736 [703].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.28887-001, Tasman Sea [31°51'54"S, 167°49'30"E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.28887-002 (7), Tasman Sea [31°51'54"S, 167°49'30"E]
  Comment: Registration number of Holotype and co-ordinates are incorrect in publication.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Type specimens collected from Norfolk Ridge south of Norfolk Island, Tasman Sea (31°52'S, 167°50' E); temperate, south-west Pacific (New Caledonia)

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthopelagic, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

322-365 m

General References

Fricke, R., Kulbicki, M. & Wantiez, L. 2011. Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) Neue Serie 4: 341-463 [356]

History of changes

• Glossanodon pseudolineatus Kobyliansky, S.G. 1998. Four new Indo-Pacific species and a new key to species of the genus Glossanodon (Argentinidae). Voprosy Ikhtiologii 38(6): 725-736 [734, fig. 5].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.22805-027 (depth 150-156 m), south-east Indian Ocean [18°28´S, 118°15´E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.22805-041 (4 specimens).

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Glossanodon struhsakeri [a misidentification, in part, of west coast material]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [167]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Northwest of Monte Bello Islands, WA (20°07´S, 115°02'E) to northeast of Cape Don, Arafura Sea, NT (9°18'S, 133°25'E); tropical, east-Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Benthopelagic, continental shelf, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

124-370 m.

General References

Endo, H. & Nashida, K. 2010. Glossodon kotakamaru, a new argentine fish from southern Japan (Protacanthopterygii: Argentinidae). Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science A Supplement 4: 119-127 [119]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Argentinidae. pp. 369-370 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp.

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [167] (as G. struhsakeri, in part, Western Australia)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Saddled Herring Smelt)

History of changes

Introduction

The family Opisthoproctidae comprises eight genera and 19 described species from all oceans (Eschmeyer & Fong 2012; Eschmeyer 2014). Nine species have been described since the year 2000. Four genera and four described species have been collected in Australian waters. The opisthoproctids were revised by Cohen (1964) and summarised by Ahlstrom et al. (1984). Paxton & Cohen (1999) listed species found in the western-central Pacific, and Parin et al. (2009) revised three genera and described a new genus.

Barreleyes are poorly known meso- and bathypelagic fishes. Most species have strongly telescopic eyes directed either forward or upward and some have light organs with luminescent bacteria, and siphonophores have been collected from the stomach of one species. Maximum length is about 30 cm.

General References

Ahlstrom, E.H., Moser, H.G. & Cohen, D.M. 1984. Argentinoidei: development and relationships. pp. 155-169 figs 82-88 in Moser, H.G. et al. (eds). Ontogeny and Systematics of Fishes. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Special Publication 1: 1-760

Cohen, D.M. 1964. Suborder Argentinoidea. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(4): 1-70 figs 1-20

Eschmeyer, W.N. 2014. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 19 May 2014. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp

Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2012. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 15 March 2012. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp

Parin, N.V., Belyanina, T.N. & Evseenko, S.A. 2009. Materials to the revision of the genus Dolichopteryx and closely related taxa (Ioichthys, Bathylychnops) with the separation of a new genusDolichopteroides and description of three new species (Fam. Opisthoproctidae). Journal of Ichthyology 49(10): 839-851

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068.

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1887] (FAO) (Barreleyes)

History of changes

• Dolichopteryx Brauer, A. 1901. Über einige von der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelten Tiefseefische und ihre Augen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Gesamten Naturwissenschaften du Marburg 8: 115-130 figs 1-3 [127].

  Type species:

   Dolichopteryx anascopa Brauer, 1901 by monotypy.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22)

History of changes

• Dolichopteryx anascopa Brauer, A. 1901. Über einige von der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelten Tiefseefische und ihre Augen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Gesamten Naturwissenschaften du Marburg 8: 115-130 figs 1-3 [127].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 17428, west of Cocos Islands, Indian Ocean, Valdivia station 182, depth 2400 m [10°08'02"S, 97°14'09"E].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Holotype collected from north of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (10°08'S, 97°14'E); tropical, temperate East-Indo-west Pacific (western North Pacific), but listed as restricted to Indian Ocean by Parin et al. (2009)

IMCRA

Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Brauer, A. 1906. Die Tiefsee-Fische. 1. Systematischer Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 15(1): 1-432 figs 1-176 pls 1-18 [24, Fig. 4]

Fukui, A. & Kitagawa, Y. 2006. Dolichopteryx minuscula, a new species of spookfish (Argentinoidei: Opisthoproctidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Ichthyological Research 53(1): 113-120 [113]

Mizusawa, N., Takami, M. & Fukui, A. 2015. Redescription of the spookfish Dolichopteryx anascopa Brauer 1901 (Argentinoidei: Opisthoproctidae). Ichthyological Research 62: 236–239

Parin, N.V. 2005. Dolichopteryx trunovi sp. nova - a new replacement name for D. anascopa (nec Brauer, 1901) Trunov, 1997 (Opisthoproctidae, Argentinoidea). Journal of Ichthyology 45(1): 132-133

Parin, N.V., Belyanina, T.N. & Evseenko, S.A. 2009. Materials to the revision of the genus Dolichopteryx and closely related taxa (Ioichthys, Bathylychnops) with the separation of a new genusDolichopteroides and description of three new species (Fam. Opisthoproctidae). Journal of Ichthyology 49(10): 839-851 [846]

History of changes

• Opisthoproctus Vaillant, L.L. 1888. Expéditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les années 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Paris : G. Masson 406 pp. 28 pls. [105].

  Type species:

   Opisthoproctus soleatus Vaillant, 1888 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

East Atlantic, Indo-West-Central Pacific.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Opisthoproctus grimaldii Zugmayer, E. 1911. Diagnoses des poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse Alice (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 193: 1-14 [2] [as Opisthoproctus Grimaldii].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MOM 0091-1163 (depth 0-4750 m), off Gibraltar [36°10´N, 11°48´W].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Off Cape York, QLD (11º44'S, 144º50'E) to off Robe, SA (139º45'E), including TAS; tropical, temperate, circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

200-5000 m.

General References

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [36]

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Opisthoproctidae, Alepocephalidae. pp. 241-244 figs 215-218 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [241]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Opisthoproctidae. pp. 198 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp.

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., & Bray, D.J. 2006. Opisthoproctidae. pp. 371-372 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [371]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [170]

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1887]

Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds) 1986. Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg : Macmillan South Africa xx + 1047 pp. 144 pls. [217]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Opisthoproctidae. pp. 326-331 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [328]

Common Name References

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Opisthoproctidae, Alepocephalidae. pp. 241-244 figs 215-218 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [241] (Flatiron Fish, Grimaldis Barreleye)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Grimaldi's Barreleye)

History of changes

• Rhynchohyalus Barnard, K.H. 1925. A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part 1. (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei — Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum 21(1): 1-418 figs 1-18 pls 1-17 [130] [nom. nov. for Hyalorhynchus Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924].
• Hyalorhynchus Gilchrist, J.D.F. & von Bonde, C. 1924. Special report No. 7. Deep-sea fishes procured by the S.S. Pickle (part 2). Report. Fisheries & Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa 3: 1-24 pls 1-6 [1922] [4] [junior homonym of Hyalorhynchus Ogilby, 1910].

  Type species:

   Hyalorhynchus natalensis Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Cohen, D.M. 1964. Suborder Argentinoidea. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(4): 1-70 figs 1-20 [51]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal - patchy distribution (Atlantic, Hawaii, SW and NE Pacific)

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12)

History of changes

• Hyalorhynchus natalensis Gilchrist, J.D.F. & von Bonde, C. 1924. Special report No. 7. Deep-sea fishes procured by the S.S. Pickle (part 2). Report. Fisheries & Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa 3: 1-24 pls 1-6 [1922] [4, pl. 1(1)].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (depth 135 fathoms), off Table Bay, South Africa.

Generic Combinations

• Rhynchohyalus natalensis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924). —
  Barnard, K.H. 1925. A monograph of the marine fishes of South Africa. Part 1. (Amphioxus, Cyclostomata, Elasmobranchii, and Teleostei — Isospondyli to Heterosomata). Annals of the South African Museum 21(1): 1-418 figs 1-18 pls 1-17 [130] (changed combination with description of genus Rhynchohyalus, replacement for Hyalorhynchus Gilchrist & von Bonde 1924, preoccupied by Hyalorhynchus Ogilby 1910 in fishes)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

East of Tuggerah Lake (33º23´S, 152º37'E) to east of Nowra (34º53´S, 151º23'E), NSW and southern TAS; temperate, circumglobal, patchy distribution.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

500-3000 m.

General References

Bertelsen, E., Theisen, B. & Munk, O. 1965. On a postlarval specimen, anal light organ, and tubular eyes of the argentoid fish Rhynchohyalus natalensis (Glichrist and von Blonde). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 128: 357–371

Cohen, D.M. 1964. Suborder Argentinoidea. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(4): 1-70 figs 1-20 [51, fig16]

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [37]

Partridge, J.C., Douglas, R.H, Marshall, N.J. , Chung, W.-S. , Jordan, T.M. & Wagner, H.-J. 2014. Reflecting optics in the diverticular eye of a deep-sea barreleye fish (Rhynchohyalus natalensis). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 218: 20133223

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., & Bray, D.J. 2006. Opisthoproctidae. pp. 371-372 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [372]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [170]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Opisthoproctidae. pp. 326-331 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [330]

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., & Bray, D.J. 2006. Opisthoproctidae. pp. 371-372 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [372] (Glasshead Barreleye)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Glasshead Barreleye)

History of changes

• Winteria Brauer, A. 1901. Über einige von der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelten Tiefseefische und ihre Augen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Gesamten Naturwissenschaften du Marburg 8: 115-130 figs 1-3 [126].

  Type species:

   Winteria telescopa Brauer, 1901 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northwest Province (4)

History of changes

• Winteria telescopa Brauer, A. 1901. Über einige von der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelten Tiefseefische und ihre Augen. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Gesamten Naturwissenschaften du Marburg 8: 115-130 figs 1-3 [126].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 17419 (depth 3000 m), Gulf of Guinea [32°36´05"N, 3°27´05"W].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Newcastle, NSW (33º04´S, 153º08'E) to the South Tasman Rise (47º16´S, 149º15'E), south of TAS, and N of Shark Bay, WA (20º57´S, 114º01'E); temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northwest Province (4)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

500-3000 m.

General References

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [38]

Haedrich, R.L. & Craddock, J.E. 1968. Distribution and biology of the opisthoproctid fish Winteria telescopa Brauer 1901. Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 294: 1–11

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., & Bray, D.J. 2006. Opisthoproctidae. pp. 371-372 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [372]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [171]

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1887]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Opisthoproctidae. pp. 326-331 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [331]

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., & Bray, D.J. 2006. Opisthoproctidae. pp. 371-372 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [372] (Binocular Fish)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Binocular Fish)

History of changes

Introduction

The Microstomatidae comprise three genera and 21 described species (Eschmeyer & Fong 2014). Currently, two genera and two described species are known from Australia. The Microstomatidae were previously included as a subfamily in the Argentinidae. However, the works of Ahlstrom et al. (1984) and Begle (1992) placed the three microstomatid genera into a distinct family. Johnson & Patterson (1996) and Wiley & Johnson (2010) included the Bathylagidae as a subfamily of the Microstomatidae.

Pencil smelts are mesopelaic in all oceans. Typically they are slender fishes with large eyes much longer than the snout, small mouths, no fin spines, and the dorsal fin positioned far back on the body. Kawaguchi & Butler (1984) revised the genus Nansenia. Kobyliansky (1990) treated microstomatid genera, and Gon (1990) treated species found in the Southern Ocean. Gon & Stewart (2014) described a new species of Microstoma from Australia and New Zealand.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

Microstoma microstoma (Risso, 1810) — Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. Description of a new species of Microstoma (Pisces, Microstomatidae) from the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 3884(1): 55-64 [55] (restricted to the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea)

General References

Begle, D.P. 1992. Monophyly and relationships of argentinoid fishes. Copeia 1992(2): 350-366

Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2014. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 19 May 2014. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp

Gon, O. 1990. Microstomatidae. pp. 105-106 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp.

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. Description of a new species of Microstoma (Pisces, Microstomatidae) from the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 3884(1): 55-64

Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1996. Relationships of lower euteleostean fishes. pp. 251-332 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Kawaguchi, K. & Butler, J.L. 1984. Fishes of the genus Nansenia (Microstomatidae) with descriptions of seven new species. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Contributions in Science 352: 1-22 figs 1-22

Kobyliansky, S.H. 1990. Taxonomic status of microstomatid fishes and problems of classification of suborder Argentinoidei (Salmoniformes, Teleostei). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Moskva 125: 148-177

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Common Name References

FishBase 2013. Fishbase at. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary. (Pencil Smelts)

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1885] (Microstomatids)

History of changes

• Microstoma Cuvier, G.L. 1816. Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base a l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomie comparée. Les reptiles et les poisons. Paris : Déterville Vol. 2 pp. 104-351. [184].

  Type species:

   Gasteropelecus microstoma Risso, 1810 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Central Western Province (6)

History of changes

• Microstoma australis Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2014. Description of a new species of Microstoma (Pisces, Microstomatidae) from the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 3884(1): 55-64 [56, Figs. 1a-c].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.27328-002, off Cape Hawke, New South Wales, Australia, midwater trawl, depth 0-366 m [32°19'S, 152°59'E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.21749-001, Australia, New South Wales, east of Jervis Bay, midwater trawl, 0–210 m [35°02’S, 152°48’E]; AM I.21770-001, Australia, New South Wales, east of Tuross Heads, midwater trawl, 0–152 m [36°04'S, 152°45'E]; NMNZ P.11011, New Zealand, Chatham Rise, off Cape Palliser, southern Hikurangi Trench, midwater trawl, 0–210 m [41° 55.100'S, 175° 44.925'E]; NMNZ P. 39873, New Zealand, Campbell Plateau, NE off Campbell Island, midwater trawl, 0–493 m [52°6.750'S, 171°0.250'E]; NMNZ P.46668, New Zealand, Snares Islands, Pukaki Rise, bottom trawl, 0–483 m [49°08.47'S, 172°36.72'E]; SAIAB 194659 (ex AMS I.16494-042), Australia, New South Wales, 50 miles off Sydney Heads, midwater trawl, 0–600 m [34°08’S, 152°13’E].

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Microstoma microstoma (Risso, 1810) [misidentification used in most references referring to this species prior to 2014]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatinae. pp. 377-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [378]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Cape Hawke, NSW (32º19'S) to ESE of Flinders Island, TAS (40º36'S), and off Dongarra, WA (29º38'S); temperate, New Zealand

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Central Western Province (6)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

152-600 m.

General References

Cohen, D.M. 1958. A revision of the fishes of the subfamily Argentininae. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. Biological Sciences 3(3): 93-172 figs 1-9 [134] (as Microstoma microstoma)

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [34] (as Microstoma microstoma)

Gon, O. & Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Microstomatidae. pp.332-336 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [333]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [378] (as Microstoma microstoma)

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [167] (as Microstoma microstoma)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Slender Smallmouth)

History of changes

• Nansenia Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. 1896. The fishes of North and middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 47(1): 1-1240 [528].

  Type species:

   Microstomus groenlandicus Reinhardt, 1839 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Tropical, Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Central Eastern Transition (15), Northeast Province (18), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Nansenia ardesiaca Jordan, D.S. & Thompson, W.F. 1914. Record of the fishes obtained in Japan in 1911. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 6(4): 205-313 figs 1-87 pls 24-42 [210, pl. 24(2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype FMNH 57086 (depth 350 fathoms; formerly CM 6023a), Okinose, Sagami Bay, Japan.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Marian Plateau, northeast of Whitsunday group, Coral Sea (19°00'S, 150°39'E) to east of Nowra, NSW (34°57'S, 151°20'E), and west of Rottnest Island, WA (32°02'S, 114°54'E) to SE of Ashmore Reef, Timor Sea (12°29'S, 123°25'E); tropical, Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Central Eastern Transition (15), Northeast Province (18), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental slope, marine.

Extra Ecological Information

200-1000 m.

General References

Hutchins, J.B. 2001. Checklist of the fishes of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 63: 9-50 [18]

Kawaguchi, K. & Butler, J.L. 1984. Fishes of the genus Nansenia (Microstomatidae) with descriptions of seven new species. Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Contributions in Science 352: 1-22 figs 1-22

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Microstomatidae. pp. 373-378 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [378]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [167]

Paxton, J.R. & Cohen, D.M. 1999. Families Argentinidae, Microstomatidae, Bathylagidae, Opisthoproctidae. pp. 1884-1887 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1885]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Robust Smallmouth)

History of changes

Introduction

The suborder Alepocephaloidei contains three families of deepsea fishes found in all oceans. Authors of traditional morphological studies have variously recognised this group as an order (Marshall 1962), a suborder (Greenwood et al. 1966, Wiley & Johnson 2010) or a superfamily (Greenwood & Rosen 1971; Johnson & Patterson 1996; Ishiguro et al. 2003; Nelson 2006). Authors of recent molecular studies (Lavoué et al. 2005; Lavoué et al. 2008; Poulsen et al. 2009; Betancur-R 2013, 2014) recognise the group as an order, and the sister group to the Ostariophyisi (or Clupeomorpha). Until relationships are further resolved, the classification here follows that of Wiley & Johnson (2010) in retaining the group as a suborder of the Argetiniformes. Poulsen et al. (2009) regarded the group as monophyletic, but suggested that the Bathylaconidae was not monophyletic and placed the genera in the Alepocephalidae.

General References

Betancur-R, R., Broughton, R.E., Wiley, E.O., Carpenter, K., López, J.A., Li, C., Holcroft, N.I., Arcila, D., Sanciangco, M., Cureton, II J.C., Zhang, F., Buser, T &, Campbell, M.A., Ballesteros, J.A., Roa-Varon, A., Willis, S., Borden, W.C., Rowley, T., Reneau, P.C., Hough, D.J., Lu, G., Grande, T., Arratia, G. & Ortí, G. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life Edition 1: doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288

Betancur-R, R., Wiley, E., Bailly, N, Miya, M., Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. 2014. Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes —Version 3. http://www.deepfin.org/Classification_v3.htm

Greenwood, P.H., Rosen, D.E., Weitzman, S.H. & Myers, G.S. 1966. Phyletic studies of teleostean fishes with a provisional classification of living forms. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 131(4): 339-456 figs 1-9 pls 21-23

Greenwood, P.H. & Rosen, D.E. 1971. Notes on the structure and relationships of the alepocephaloid fishes. American Museum Novitates 2473: 1-41

Ishiguro, N.B., Miya, M., Nishida, M. 2003. Basal euteleostean relationships: a mitogenomic perspective on the phylogenetic reality of the ''Protacanthopterygii”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 476–488

Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1996. Relationships of lower euteleostean fishes. pp. 251-332 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Lavoué, S., Miya, M., Inoue, J.G., Saitoh, K., Ishiguro, N.B. & Nishida, M. 2005. Molecular systematics of the gonorynchiform fishes (Teleostei) based on whole mitogenome sequences: implications for higher-level relationships within the Otocephala. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37: 165–177

Lavoué, S., Miya, M., Poulsen, J.Y. Møller, P.R. & Nishida, M. 2008. Monophyly, phylogenetic position and inter-familial relationships of the Alepocephaliformes (Teleostei) based on whole mitogenome sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1111–1121

Marshall, N.B. 1962. Observations on the Heteromi, an order of teleost fishes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 9: 249-270

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Poulsen, J.Y., Møller, P.D.R., Lavoué, S., Knudsen, S.W., Nishida, M. & Miya, M. 2009. Higher and lower-level relationships of the deep-sea fish order Alepocephaliformes (Teleostei: Otocephala) inferred from whole mitogenome sequences. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 98: 923–936

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp. [141]

History of changes

Introduction

Currently, 40 species in 14 genera are recognised in the Platytroctidae (Eschmeyer & Fong 2014); seven species in five genera are known from Australian waters.

Tubeshoulders are meso-, bathy- and benthopelagic in all oceans. Although very similar to alepocephalids, they differ in having a shoulder organ that produces luminous fluid that can be ejected. Some species have head and body photophores. Maximum length recorded is 30 cm.

The platytroctids were revised by Parr (1960) and Matsui & Rosenblatt (1987). Studies by Sazonov (1976, 1986, 1992) provided additional information. The work of Sazonov (1980) is followed here in replacing the name Searsiidae with Platytroctidae. Sazonov (1999) provided information on the family, and Williams & Sazonov (2008) treated some Australian species. Flynn & Pogonoski (2012) treated species found in the southern Tasman Sea.

General References

Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2014. Species of Fishes by family/subfamily. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 19 May 2014. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp

Flynn, A.J. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2012. Guide to Mesopelagic Fishes of the Southern Tasman Sea. Hobart, Australia : CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research i-v + 221 pp. [43-46]

Matsui, T. & Rosenblatt, R.H. 1987. Review of the deep-sea fish family Platytroctidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes). Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 26: 1-159

Parr, A.E. 1960. The fishes of the family Searsidae. Dana Reports 51: 1-109 figs 1-73

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Platytroctidae. pp. 380-382 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp.

Sazonov, Y.I. 1976. Materials on the systematics and distribution of fishes of the family Searsiidae (Salmoniformes, Alepocephaloidei). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Moskva 104: 26-72 figs 1-22 [in Russian]

Sazonov, Y.I. 1980. Replacement of the family name Searsiidae Parr, 1951 by the senior subjective synonym Platytroctidae Roule, 1919. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 20(6): 142-143 [in Russian; Eng. Transl. J. Ichthyol. 20(6): 142–143]

Sazonov, Y.I. 1986. Morphology and classification of fishes of the family Platytroctidae (Pisces: Salmoniformes, Alepocephaloidei). Trudy Instituta Okeanologii. Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Moskva 121: 51-96

Sazonov, Y.I. 1992. Matsuichthys gen. novum — a new genus of fishes of the family Platytroctidae with notes on classification of the subfamiy Platytroctinae. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 32: 3-12

Sazonov, Y.I. 1999. Family Platytroctidae. pp. 1894-1895 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068.

Williams, A. & Sazonov, Y.I. 2008. Family Alepocephalidae and Platytroctidae. pp. 201-210 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp.

Common Name References

Sazonov, Y.I. 1999. Family Platytroctidae. pp. 1894-1895 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1894] (FAO) (Tubeshoulders)

History of changes

• Holtbyrnia Parr, A.E. 1937. Concluding report on fishes with species index for articles 1–7 (Fishes of the third oceanographic expedition of the Pawnee). Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 3(7): 1-79 figs 1-22 [6].

  Type species:

   Bathytroctes innesi Fowler, 1934 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

History of changes