Family STOMIIDAE

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• Stomiidae Bleeker, 1859.
• Stomiatidae Günther, 1864 [emmendation of Bleeker name Stomiatiformes].

Introduction

The family Stomiidae comprises 28 genera and more than 290 species worldwide (Kenaley et al. 2014). The Australian fauna is represented by 73 species in 22 genera. Nelson (1994) placed several families recognised by Harold (1999) as subfamilies of the Stomiidae, following Fink (1985), Gibbs & McKinney (1988), Nelson et al. (2016). Wiley & Johnson (2010) followed this arrangement. Kenaley et al (2014) disputed the monophyly of the Stomiidae and concluded that the subfamilies are paraphyletic or polyphyletic, and recommended against their use.

The family name is sometimes spelled Stomiatidae. The name Stomiidae is more widely accepted and in general usage,

Kenaley (2007) revised Malacosteus, describing a new species from Australia, and Kenaley (2009) revised the Indo-Pacific species of Photostomias.

The Stomiidae are a diverse group of elongate deep-sea predators with rows photophores on the head and along the lower sides of the body, large jaws with prominent canine and sometimes fang-like teeth, and a chin barbel usually tipped with a bioluminescent lure. Members of the genera Aristostomias, Malacosteus and Pachystomias have large suborbital photophores that emit red bioluminescence and are the only deep-sea animals able to see red light (Herring & Cope 2005; Kenaley 2010; Kenaley et al. 2014). Kenaley et al. (2008) treated species found in southern Australia.

General References

Fink, W.L. 1985. Phylogenetic interrelationships of the stomiid fishes (Teleostei: Stomiiformes. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 171: 1-127

Gibbs, R.H. & McKinney, J.F. 1988. High-count species of the stomiid fish genus Astronesthes from the southern subtropical convergence region: two new species and redescription of Cryptostomias (= Astronesthes) psychrolutes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 460: 1-25

Harold, A.S. 1999. Families Gonostomatidae, Sternoptychidae, Phosichthyidae, Astronesthidae, Stomiidae, Chauliodontidae, Melanostomiidae, Idiacanthidae, Malacosteidae. pp. 1896-1917 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068.

Herring, P.J. & Cope, C. 2005. Red bioluminescence in fishes: on the suborbital photophores of Malacosteus, Pachystomias and Aristostomias. Marine Biology 148(2): 383-394

Kenaley, C.P. 2010. Comparative innervation of cephalic photophores of the loosejaw dragonfishes (Teleostei: Stomiiformes: Stomiidae): evidence for parallel evolution of long-wave bioluminescence. Journal of Morphology 271: 418–437

Kenaley, C.P., DeVaney, S.C. & Fjeran, T.T. 2014. The complex evolutionary history of seeing red: molecular phylogeny and the evolution of an adaptive visual system in deep-sea dragonfishes (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae). Evolution 68: 996–1013

Kenaley, C.P., Harold, A.S. & Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Stomiidae. pp. 240-254 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp.

Nelson, J.S. 1994. Fishes of the World. New York : John Wiley & Sons 600 pp.

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Nelson, J.S., Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V.H. 2016. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons 5, 752 pp.

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

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