Introduction

The Mugilidae include about 18 genera and 80 species worldwide. Currently, ten genera and 21 species are recognised from Australia.

Mullets occur worldwide in tropical and warm temperate regions. They are typically found in estuaries, embayments and on coral reefs. They are filter feeders, with a specially adapted branchial mechanism (Harrison & Howes 1991).

The family Mugilidae has been studied extensively in Australia by Thomson (1954, 1967, 1997) and Ghasemzadeh (1998). The study by Harrison & Senou (1999), which treated most of the Australian species, is not followed here, and thus some species they record from Australia are not included in this treatment. Senou (2002) regarded Liza as a synonym of Chelon and presented information about some of the decisions made in Harrison & Senou (1999). Ghasemzadeh et al. (2004) reviewed the classification and relationships of the group. More recent molecular studies have produced very different and sometimes conflicting classifications (Heras et al 2009; Durand et al. 2012a,b; Whitfield et al. 2012). Tentatively we retain the previous classification pending further evaluation of the classification. Kottelat (2013) provided information on nomenclature for many of the species known from Australia.

Records of mugilids appearing in earlier literature are unreliable, particularly for species of Liza and Moolgarda. Even recent works do not fully agree on the taxonomy of species. In Harrison & Senou (1999), Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1846) is shown to range from the Northern Territory to southern Queensland. Because of its similarity to Liza subviridis, further studies are required to fully document the occurence of L. macrolepis in Australia. Harrison & Senou (1999) also recognised Liza ramsayi from Queensland as distinct from L. argentea, differing in that L. ramsayi has an extra anal ray. Until their work is published in a scientific journal, we cannot fully evaluate the validity of that species. They do not record Liza tade from the region. Possibly they consider the Pacific form to be L. planiceps, although they use the common name of tade mullet for this species. In respect of the two recent studies, Thomson (1997) did not examine recent collections from Australia, and it is unclear as to what material was examined by Harrison & Senou (1999). Because much of the material in collections in Australia has not been fully studied, we have relied primarily on identifications of Javad Ghasemzadeh, but acknowledge that additional species undoubtedly occur in Australia.

General References

Durand, D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.W., Blel, H., Diop, K., Nirchio, M., Garcia de León, F.J., Whitfield, A.K., Chang, C.-W. & Borsa, P. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64(1): 73-92

Durand, J.-D., Chen, W.-J., Shen, K.-N., Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies [from 2002, formerly Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie] 335: 687-697

Ghasemzadeh, J. 1998. Phylogeny and systematics of Indo-Pacific mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) with special reference to the mullets of Australia. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Macquarie University. 397 pp.

Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22

Harrison, I.J. & Howes, G.J. 1991. The pharyngobranchial organ of mugilid fishes; its structure, variability, ontogeny, possible function and taxonomic utility. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 57(2): 111-132

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790.

Heras, S., Roldán, M.I. & Castro, M.G. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Mugilidae fishes revised. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19(2): 217–231

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663

Senou, H. 2002. Mugilidae. pp. 1510-1513 in Nakabo, T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. English edition. Tokyo : Toikai University Press pp. 867-1749.

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1967. New species and new records of fish from Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 92(1): 145-150 figs 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitfield, A.K., Panfili, J. & Durand, J.-D. 2012. A global review of the cosmopolitan flathead mullet Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with emphasis on the biology, genetics, ecology and fisheries aspects of the apparent species complex. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 641-681

Common Name References

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [272] (Australian Marketing Name) (Mullets)

History of changes

• Aldrichetta Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1-42 figs 1-15 [19].

  Type species:

   Mugil forsteri Valenciennes, 1836 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

South-west Pacific (New Zealand)

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

History of changes

• Mugil forsteri Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [141] [ex Mugil albula Forster MS].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, New Zealand.
• Dajaus diemensis Richardson, J. 1840. On some new species of fishes from Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 8: 25-30 [25].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, Port Arthur, TAS.
• Agonostoma lacustris Castelnau, F.L. de 1872. Contribution to the ichthyology of Australia. 1. The Melbourne fish market. Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria 1: 29-242 1 pl. [142].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, Gippsland Lakes, VIC.
• Agonostoma tasmanicus Castelnau, F.L. de 1872. Contribution to the ichthyology of Australia. 1. The Melbourne fish market. Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria 1: 29-242 1 pl. [142] [nom. nov. for Dajaus diemensis Richardson; although designation is vague only mentioning Tasmanicus in the description of lacustris].
• Aldrichetta forsteri neopilchardi Whitley, G.P. 1951. New fish names and records. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales 1949–50: 61-68 figs 8-10 [66] [based on Aldrichetta forsteri in Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1–42 figs 1–15 (19 fig. 10)].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM P.2690–001, Bunbury estuary, WA.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [115]

Generic Combinations

• Aldrichetta forsteri (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1-42 figs 1-15 [19] (changed combination as type of genus Aldrichetta)
• Agonostomus forsteri (Valenciennes, 1836) [genus unjustifiably emended to Agonostoma by Günther 1861]. —
  Ogilby, J.D. 1897. Some Tasmanian fishes. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1896: 69-85 [79]
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [118]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Common along southern coast from Shoalwater Bay, QLD (22°26'S) to Shark Bay, WA (25°20´S) and throughout TAS, temperate, south-west Pacific (New Zealand).

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [255]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Mugilidae. pp. 390-394 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [391]

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [660]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2079]

Kailola, P.J., Williams, M.J., Stewart, P.C., Reichelt, R.E., McNee, A. & Grieve, C. 1993. Australian Fisheries Resources. Canberra : Bureau of Resource Sciences and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation 422 pp. [327]

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [262]

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. [402]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [118] (as Agonostomus forsteri)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (721)

Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [195]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [472]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (670)

Common Name References

Allen, G.R. 1985. Fishes of Western Australia. Book 9. pp. 2207-2534 526 pls in Burgess, W.E. & Axelrod, H.R. (eds). Pacific Marine Fishes. Neptune, New Jersey : T.F.H. Publications. [2235] (Forster's Mullet)

Cadwallader, P.L. & Backhouse, G.N. 1983. A Guide to the Freshwater Fish of Victoria. Melbourne : F.D. Atkinson Government Printer 249 pp. figs. [127] (Freshwater Mullet)

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [660] (Yelloweye Mullet, Conmuri, Coorang Mullet, Estuary Mullet, Pilchard, Yellow-eyed Mullet)

Kailola, P.J., Williams, M.J., Stewart, P.C., Reichelt, R.E., McNee, A. & Grieve, C. 1993. Australian Fisheries Resources. Canberra : Bureau of Resource Sciences and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation 422 pp. [327] (Pilch, Victor Harbour Mullet)

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [262] (Yellow-eye Mullet)

Prokop, F. 2002. Australian Fish Guide. Croydon South, Victoria : Australian Fishing Network 256 pp. [114] (Yelloweye)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Yelloweye Mullet)

History of changes

• Crenimugil Schultz, L.P. 1946. A revision of the genera of mullets, fishes of the family Mugilidae, with descriptions of three new genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 96(3204): 377-395 figs 28-32 [380, 387].

  Type species:

   Mugil crenilabis Forsskål, 1775 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Northeast Province (18), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790.

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [508]

History of changes

• Mugil crenilabis Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quæ in Itinere Orientali observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est Materia Medica Kakirina atque Tabula Maris Rubri Geographica. Hauniæ : Mölleri 1-19, i-xxxiv, 164 pp., 1 map. [73].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (holotype reported lost, see Klausewitz, W. & Nielsen, J.G. 1965. On Forsskål's collection of fishes in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 22: 1–29 figs 1–3 pls 1–38[13]), Red Sea.
• Mugil cirrhostomus Forster, J.R. in Bloch, M.E. & Schneider, J.G. 1801. Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus ex Illustratum. Berlin. 584 pp. 110 pls [121].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Pacific Ocean.
• Mugil macrocheilos Bleeker, P. 1854. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Kokos-eilanden. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 7: 37-48 [43].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown, Nova Selma, Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [509]
• Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [275]

Generic Combinations

• Oedalechilus cirrhostomus (Forster, 1801). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1941. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. The Australian Zoologist 10(1): 1-50 figs 1-32 pls 1-2 [19]
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40]
• Liza crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775). —
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117]
• Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775). —
  Schultz, L.P. 1946. A revision of the genera of mullets, fishes of the family Mugilidae, with descriptions of three new genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 96(3204): 377-395 figs 28-32 [387] (changed combination as type of genus Crenimugil)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Mugil dobula Günther, 1861 [misidentification]. —
  Waite, E.R. 1898. Report upon Trawling Operations off the Coast of New South Wales between the Manning River and Jervis Bay, carried on by H.M.C.S. Thetis. Scientific report on the fishes. pp. 23–62 pls 1–12. [60] (Lord Howe Island)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Lizard Island, QLD (14°40´S) to Wooli River, NSW (29°50´S), also Herald Cay (17°00'S, 149°08'E) and North East Cay (21°39'S, 153°46'E), QLD, Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Lord Howe Island; tropical, Indo-west–central Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Northeast Province (18), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V. 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth : Tropical Reef Research 3 vols, 1260 pp. [156]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2083]

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [264]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117] (as Liza crenilabis)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [107] (722)

Randall, J.E., Allen, G.R. & Steene, R. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 557 pp. figs. [290]

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [509]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (663 as Oedalechilus cirrhostomus)

Common Name References

Allen, G.R. & Steene, R.C. 1979. The Fishes of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Aust. Natl. Parks Wldlf. Ser. Spec. Publ. 2. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service 81 pp. 15 pls. [102] (FAO) (Fringelip Mullet)

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [264] (Warty-lip Mullet)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [411] (Warty-nosed Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [107] (Warty-lipped Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Wartylip Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil heterocheilos Bleeker, P. 1855. Tweede bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Batjan. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 9: 191-202 [198].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) RMNH 6408 5 specimens, Batjan, Indonesia.
• Mugil papillosus Macleay, W.J. 1883. Contribution to the knowledge of the fishes of New Guinea. No. 4. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 8(2): 252-280 [270, fig.].

  Type data:

   Lectotype AM I.13392, Normanby Island, New Guinea.
  Paralectotype(s) AM I.13393–13394.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Whitley, G.P. 1941. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. The Australian Zoologist 10(1): 1-50 figs 1-32 pls 1-2 [20 fig. 15].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [510]

Generic Combinations

• Crenimugil heterocheilos (Bleeker, 1855). —
  Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (eds) 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokyo : Tokai University Press Vol. 1–2 437 pp. 247 figs 370 pls. [120]
• Liza papillosa (Macleay, 1883). —
  Jordan, D.S. & Seale, A. 1906. The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the Archipelago, with a provisional checklist of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries (U.S.) for 1905 25: 173-455 figs 1-111 pls 33-53 [218]
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117]
• Oedalechilus papillosus (Macleay, 1883). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1941. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. The Australian Zoologist 10(1): 1-50 figs 1-32 pls 1-2 [20]
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (664)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Crenimugil heterocheilus (Bleeker, 1855). —
  Roberts, T.R. 1978. An ichthyological survey of the Fly River in Papua New Guinea with descriptions of new species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 281: 1-72 figs 1-39 [60] (misspelling of species name)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Lizard Island (14°30´S) to Moreton Bay (27°S), QLD; tropical, west Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2084]

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [275]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117] (as Liza papillosa)

McCulloch, A.R. & Whitley, G.P. 1925. A list of the fishes recorded from Queensland waters. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 8(2): 125-182 (as Mugil papillosus)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (664, as Oedalechilus papillosus)

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2084] (FAO) (Half Fringelip Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Fringelip Mullet)

Whitley, G.P. 1941. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. The Australian Zoologist 10(1): 1-50 figs 1-32 pls 1-2 [21] (Fringe-lipped Mullet)

History of changes

• Liza Jordan, D.S. & Swain, J. 1884. A review of the American species of marine Mugilidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 7(17): 261-275 [261] [as subgenus of Mugil].

  Type species:

   Mugil capito Cuvier, 1829 by original designation.

Introduction

Heras et al. (2009) recommended combining the genus with Chelon based on genetic studies. Durant et al (2012a, b) regarded the genus as recognised here as polyphyletic and recommended moving several species to other genera. There has also been considerable confusion over the names of Liza alata, Liza tade and Liza ordensis. Thompson (1954) regarded Liza alata as a senior synonym of Liza ordensis. Larson et al (2013) recognised the species as distinct based on molecular studies of Durand et al (2012a). However, Durand et al (2012b) stated that ordensis was a synonym of alata and placed the genus in Planiliza. Larson et al. (2013) also indicated that previous records of Liza tade from northern Australian (Thompson 1997; Hoese & Bray 2006) were based on misidentifications of this species. Harrison & Senou (1999) also suggested that records of Liza planiceps, which they treated as the correct name for the species previously referred to as Liza tade from Australia, were probably misidentifications of other species. However J. Ghasemzadeh, who has studied Australian mullets has identified material of both species form Australia. We are unable to resolve the conflict at the specific and generic levels.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

MUGILIDAE: Liza alata Steindachner, 1892 [considered to be restricted to western Indian Ocean] — Larson, H.K., Williams, R.S. & Hammer, M.P. 2013. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa 3696(1): 1-293 [54]

MUGILIDAE: Liza dumerili (Steindachner, 1879) — Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [522] (restricted to western Indian Ocean)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

East Atlantic-Indo-west-central Pacific.

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Northern Kimberley (NK), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Norfolk Island Province (21), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Durand, D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.W., Blel, H., Diop, K., Nirchio, M., Garcia de León, F.J., Whitfield, A.K., Chang, C.-W. & Borsa, P. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64(1): 73-92

Durand, J.-D., Chen, W.-J., Shen, K.-N., Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies [from 2002, formerly Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie] 335: 687-697

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790.

Heras, S., Roldán, M.I. & Castro, M.G. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Mugilidae fishes revised. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19(2): 217–231

Hoese, D.F. & Bray, D.J. 2006. Mugilidae. pp. 675-685 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp.

Larson, H.K., Williams, R.S. & Hammer, M.P. 2013. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa 3696(1): 1-293

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

History of changes

• Mugil argenteus Quoy, J.R.C. & Gaimard, J.P. 1825. Chapter 9. Poissons. pp. 329-401 pls 43-65 in Freycinet, L.C.D. de (ed.). Voyage Autour du Monde, entrepris par orde du Roi, sous le Ministère et conformément aux instructions de S. Exc. M. le Vicomte de Boucharge, secrétaire d'État au Département de la Marine exécuté sur les corvettes de S.M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendent les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820; publié sous les auspices de S.E.M. le Conte Corbière, secrétaire d'État de l'Intérieur, pour la partie historique et les sciences naturelles, et de S.E.M. le Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, Secrétaire d'État de la Marine et des Colonies, pour la partie nautique; par M. Louis Freycinet, etc. Paris : Pillet Aîné Vol. 1 + atlas iv 712 pp. [published in parts Sherborn, C.D. & Woodward, B.B. 1901. Notes on the dates of publication of the natural history portions of some French voyages. Part I. Amérique meridionale; Indes orientales; Pôle Sud (Astrolabe and Zélée); La Bonite; La Coquille; and L'Uranie et La Physcienne. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7(7): 388–392 [392]] [338, pl. 59(3)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP 4961, Port Jackson, NSW.
• Mugil ferrandi Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [142] [junior objective synonym of Mugil argenteus Quoy & Gaimard 1825; ex Quoy & Gaimard's MS figure of Mugil argenteus; as a nom. nud. in Cuvier, G.L. 1829. Le Règne Animal Distribué d'après son Organisation. Poissons. Paris : Fortin, Masson et Co. pp. 122–406. (232)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP 4961, Port Jackson, NSW.
• Mugil peronii Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [138].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP A.3620, Western Port and north-western Australia; MNHP 4965, Western Port and north-western Australia.
• Mugil australis Steindachner, F. 1879. Über einige neue und seltene Fischarten aus den zoologischen Museen zu Wien, Stuttgart und Warschau. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 16(4): 29-34 [30] [described subsequently in more detail in Steindachner, F. 1879. Über einige neue und seltene Fischarten aus den k.k. Zoologischen Museen zu Wien, Stuttgart und Warschau. I. Zur Fischfauna von süd-Australien. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 41(2): 1–15 figs 1–9 [6]].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHMW 68550, Port Jackson, NSW.
• Mugil ramsayi Macleay, W.J. 1883. Notes on a collection of fishes from the Burdekin and Mary Rivers, Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 8(2): 199-213 [208].

  Type data:

   Lectotype AM IA.5944, Burdekin River, QLD.
  Paralectotype(s) AM IA.5945–5946.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Whitley, G.P. 1941. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. The Australian Zoologist 10(1): 1-50 figs 1-32 pls 1-2 [18 fig. 14].
• Mugil convexus De Vis, C.W. 1885. New fishes in the Queensland Museum. No. 5. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 9(4): 869-887 [869].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.999, Cardwell, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [516]

Generic Combinations

• Liza argentea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). —
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [116]
• Moolgarda argentea (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (646, changed combination cited)
• Liza ramsayi (Macleay, 1883). —
  Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [105]
  Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [104] (711)
• Gracilimugil ramsayi (Macleay, 1883). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1941. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. The Australian Zoologist 10(1): 1-50 figs 1-32 pls 1-2 [18] (changed combination as type of genus Gracilimugil)
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (661)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cardwell, QLD (18°16´S) to Perth, WA (31°55´S); tropical, temperate.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic.

General References

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Mugilidae. pp. 390-394 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [392]

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [661]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2087] (treatment of L. ramsayi as a distinct species, p. 2092)

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [262]

Kuiter, R.H. 1994. Family Mugilidae. pp. 659-664, figs 578-581 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [661]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [116] (and as Mugil ramsayi)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [104] (710 and 711 as L. ramsayi)

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [197]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [516]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (646, as Moolgarda argentea and p. 40, 661, as Gracilimugil ramsayi)

Common Name References

Allan, R. 2002. Australian Fish and How to Catch Them. Sydney : New Holland Publishers (Australia) 394 pp. [233] (Brown-back Mullet, Jumpin Mullet)

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [661] (Bull-nose Mullet, Flattail Mullet, Gold-gill Mullet, Tygum Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [152] (Gold-gill, Rock Mullet, Tygum)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [141] (Jumping Mullet, Tiger Mullet)

Hutchins, J.B. & Swainston, R. 1986. Sea Fishes of Southern Australia. Complete field guide for anglers and divers. Perth : Swainston Publishing 180 pp. [662] (Fantail Mullet)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [411] (Rockies, Wankari)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [104] (Ramsay's Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Goldspot Mullet)

Yearsley, G.K., Last, P.R. & Ward, R.D. (eds) 1999. Australian Seafood Handbook. Hobart : CSIRO Marine Research 460 pp. [190] (FAO) (Flat-tail Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil macrolepis Smith, A. 1847. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa; consisting chiefly of figures and descriptions of the objects of natural history collected during an expedition into the interior of South Africa, in the years 1834, 1835 and 1836. Pisces. London : Smith, Elder & Co. Vol. 4 83 pp. 31 pls. [bound in 1849; published from 1838 to 1847] [unnumbered page, pl. 28 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1859.5.7.56, rivers and lakes of South Africa.

Generic Combinations

• Liza macrolepis (Smith, 1847). —
  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [524]
• Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1847). —
  Senou, H., Randall, J.E. & Okiyama, M. 1996. Chelon persicus, a new species of mullet (Perciformes, Mugilidae) from the Persian Gulf. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 25: 71-78 [75]

Introduction

The species is often confused with other species, and records from Australia in many cases have been based on misidentifications of other species, such as Liza melinoptera and L. subviridis. The species is recorded here based on records reported by Larson et al. (2013).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Broome, WA to Darwin, NT, tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Inshore marine.

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2088]

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2088] (Largescale Mullet)

Larson, H.K., Williams, R.S. & Hammer, M.P. 2013. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa 3696(1): 1-293 [56] (Bigscale Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil melinopterus Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [146] [derivation is apparently from the Greek melanos and pteron = fin or wing and treated as a compound adjective in Latin].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP 3669, Vanicoro.

Generic Combinations

• Liza melinoptera (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Jordan, D.S. & Seale, A. 1906. The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the Archipelago, with a provisional checklist of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries (U.S.) for 1905 25: 173-455 figs 1-111 pls 33-53 [217]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, WA (25°21´S) to Proserpine area, QLD (20°29´S), some Australian records possibly are Liza macrolepis, which has been confused with L. melinoptera; tropical, Indo-west–central Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2089]

Kailola, P.J. 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea : a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 2. Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin. Research Section, Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New GuineaNew Guinea 41: 195-418 [Dept. Fisheries and Mar. Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea]

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [277]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2089] (FAO) (Otomebora Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Otomebora Mullet)

History of changes

• Moolgarda (Planiliza) ordensis Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1-42 figs 1-15 [17, fig. 9].

  Type data:

   Holotype WAM P.2758, Ord River, WA.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Liza alata (Steindachner, 1892) [misidentification]. —
  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [515]
• Liza diadema (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1911) [misidentification]. —
  Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [106]

Introduction

There has been considerable confusion over the names of Liza alata, Liza tade and Liza ordensis. Thompson (1954) regarded Liza alata as a senior synonym of Liza ordensis. Larson et al. (2013) recognised the species as distinct based on molecular studies of Durand et al. (2012a). However, Durand et al. (2012b) stated that ordensis was a synonym of alata and placed the species in the genus Planiliza. Larson et al (2013) also indicated that previous records of Liza tade from northern Australian (Thompson 1997; Hoese & Bray 2006) were based on misidentifications of this species. Harrison & Senou (1999) also suggested that records of Liza planiceps which they treated as the correct name for the species previously referred to as Liza tade from Australia were probably misidentifications of other species. However J. Ghasemzadeh, who has studied Australian mullets has identified material of both species (tade and ordensis) from Australia. We are unable to resolve the conflict.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Exmouth Gulf, WA (22°05´S) to Townsville, QLD (19°10´S), possibly south to northern NSW on the east coast, frequently occurs well upstream in major rivers of northern Australia; tropical, west–central Pacific.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Northern Kimberley (NK), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Inshore, sand bottom marine.

General References

Durand, D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.W., Blel, H., Diop, K., Nirchio, M., Garcia de León, F.J., Whitfield, A.K., Chang, C.-W. & Borsa, P. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64(1): 73-92

Durand, J.-D., Chen, W.-J., Shen, K.-N., Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies [from 2002, formerly Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie] 335: 687-697

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2086] (as Liza alata, in part)

Hoese, D.F. & Bray, D.J. 2006. Mugilidae. pp. 675-685 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [680] (as Liza alata)

Larson, H.K., Williams, R.S. & Hammer, M.P. 2013. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa 3696(1): 1-293 [57]

Larson, H.K. & Martin, K.C. 1990. Freshwater Fishes of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences Handbook Series Number 1. Darwin : Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 102 pp. 73 figs. [62] (as Liza alata)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [272] (as Liza diadema)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105] (713, as Liza diadema)

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 (as Liza diadema)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 (as Liza alata, in part)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (649 as Moolgarda (Planiliza) ordensis)

Common Name References

Larson, H.K. & Martin, K.C. 1990. Freshwater Fishes of the Northern Territory. Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences Handbook Series Number 1. Darwin : Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences 102 pp. 73 figs. [61] (FAO) (Diamond Mullet)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [272] (Ord River Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105] (Basket Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Diamond Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil subviridis Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [115].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP A.3650, Ganges River; MNHP A.3651, Pondicherry; MNHP 1990–132, A.3649, Bombay, India.
• Mugil dussumieri Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [147].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP 3634, Coramandel, Bombay, India.
• Mugil compressus Günther, A. 1861. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 3 586 pp. [451].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1861.11.7.1, NSW; BMNH 1928.8.3.21, NSW.
• Mugil stevensi Ogilby, J.D. 1908. New or little known fishes in the Queensland Museum. Annals of the Queensland Museum 9(1): 3-41 [19].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.774, Gold Island, Rockingham Bay, QLD.
• Mugil tadopsis Ogilby, J.D. 1908. New or little known fishes in the Queensland Museum. Annals of the Queensland Museum 9(1): 3-41 [27].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.1570, Moreton Bay, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [533] (regards Mugil compressus Günther, 1861 as a synonym of Liza grandisquamis with type locality probably wrong, a West African species; however, J. Ghasemzadeh, pers. comm., places the species here)

Generic Combinations

• Moolgarda compressa (Günther, 1861). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1-42 figs 1-15 [15]
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (647)
• Liza dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [97]
• Liza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117]

Introduction

The species dussumieri and subviridis were described in the same publication and the both names have been used for the current species. It is not apparent who acted as first reviser in selecting the name that should take precedent by indicating synonymy. We follow recent works using the name Liza subviridis.

Thomsom (1997) regarded Moolgarda pura as a junior synonym based on examination of paratypes. However, it appears that the holotype belonged to a different species, previously referred to as Valamugil seheli, now placed in Moolgarda (see Senou 2002 and Kottelat 2013).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay (25°20´S), WA to Laurieton (31°40´S), NSW, also Norfolk Island; tropical, Indo-west–central Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Norfolk Island Province (21), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Dor, M. 1984. CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 437 pp. 2 figs. [191]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2093]

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [277]

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117] (and p. 115, as Mugil dussumieri)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105] (715, p. 104, 709 as L. dussumieri, p. 106, 717 as Valamugil pura)

Senou, H. 2002. Mugilidae. pp. 1510-1513 in Nakabo, T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. English edition. Tokyo : Toikai University Press pp. 867-1749.

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 (as L. dussumieri)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (651, and 647 as Moolgarda compressa, 648 as Moolgarda pura; also p 40, 653 as Mugil dussumieri, 659 as Mugil tadopsis)

Common Name References

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [154] (FAO) (Greenback Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [284] (Flat-tail Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (Brown-backed Mullet, Brown-banded Mullet, Green Mullet, Green-backed Mullet)

Pollard, J. (ed.) 1980. G.P. Whitley's Handbook of Australian Fishes. North Sydney : Jack Pollard Publishing Pty Ltd 629 pp. [96] (Flat-tailed Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Greenback Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil crenilabis tade Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quæ in Itinere Orientali observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est Materia Medica Kakirina atque Tabula Maris Rubri Geographica. Hauniæ : Mölleri 1-19, i-xxxiv, 164 pp., 1 map. [74] [as Mugil crenilabris tâde].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Red Sea.
• Mugil planiceps Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [122].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP A-3647 (1, poor condition), Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean; MNHP A-3648 (2, poor condition), Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean; MNHP A-3659 (2), Bengal, eastern Indian Ocean.
• Mugil crenilabis taede Bloch, M.E. & Schneider, J.G. 1801. Systema Ichthyologiae Iconibus ex Illustratum. Berlin 584 pp. 110 pls. [116] (after Forskål, 1775: xiv, 74) [as variety täde; probably a misspelling].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Red Sea.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [535]
• Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [278]

Generic Combinations

• Liza planiceps (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (650, changed combination cited)
  Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2091] (possibly regarding L. tade as an Indian Ocean species)
• Liza tade (Forsskål, 1775). —
  Munro, I.S.R. 1955. The marine and freshwater fishes of Ceylon. Canberra : Department of External Affairs xvi, 351 p., figs 1-19, pls 1-56. [93]
• Mugil tade (Forsskål, 1775). —
  Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [153]
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [116]
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (658, Gmelin 1789 as author)

Introduction

Harrison and Senou (1999) do not record Liza tade from the region. Possibly they consider the Pacific form to be Liza planiceps, although they use the common name of tade mullet for this species. They suggested that Australian records might be based on misidentifications of other species. They also treat Liza tade (Forsskål, 1775) as a synonym of L. planiceps (Valenciennes 1836) but give no explanation why the more recent name should take precedence. They may have thought Liza tade (Forsskål, 1775) to be an uncertain or unavailable name, but we follow prevailing usage. Kottelat (2013) regarded Forsskål (1775) usage as vernacular, but with the name becoming available from Bloch & Schneider (1801). Whitley (1964) attributed authorship to Gmelin (1789). Larson et al. (2013) suggested that records of Liza tade were misidentifications of Liza ordensis, however, material has been identified as Liza tade from northern Australia by Ghasemzadeh.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

De Grey River, WA (20°20'S, 119°15´E) to Gladstone, QLD (23°51´S); tropical, Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, silt bottom-marine.

General References

Dor, M. 1984. CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 437 pp. 2 figs. [191]

Gmelin, J.F. 1789. Amphibia, Pisces. In Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae in quo naturae regna tria, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, systematice proponuntur. 13th edn Vol. 1(3). 1033-1516 pp. [1398]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2091] (as L. planiceps, possibly regarding L. tade as an Indian Ocean species)

Kailola, P.J. 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea : a revised and annotated checklist. Vol. 2. Scorpaenidae to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin. Research Section, Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New GuineaNew Guinea 41: 195-418 [Dept. Fisheries and Mar. Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea]

Larson, H.K., Williams, R.S. & Hammer, M.P. 2013. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa 3696(1): 1-293 [56] (as Liza ordensis, in part)

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [116] (as Mugil tade)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (658, as Mugil tade and p. 39, 650, as Liza planiceps)

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2091] (FAO) (Tade Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105] (Rock Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Rock Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil vaigiensis Quoy, J.R.C. & Gaimard, J.P. 1825. Chapter 9. Poissons. pp. 329-401 pls 43-65 in Freycinet, L.C.D. de (ed.). Voyage Autour du Monde, entrepris par orde du Roi, sous le Ministère et conformément aux instructions de S. Exc. M. le Vicomte de Boucharge, secrétaire d'État au Département de la Marine exécuté sur les corvettes de S.M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendent les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820; publié sous les auspices de S.E.M. le Conte Corbière, secrétaire d'État de l'Intérieur, pour la partie historique et les sciences naturelles, et de S.E.M. le Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, Secrétaire d'État de la Marine et des Colonies, pour la partie nautique; par M. Louis Freycinet, etc. Paris : Pillet Aîné Vol. 1 + atlas iv 712 pp. [published in parts Sherborn, C.D. & Woodward, B.B. 1901. Notes on the dates of publication of the natural history portions of some French voyages. Part I. Amérique meridionale; Indes orientales; Pôle Sud (Astrolabe and Zélée); La Bonite; La Coquille; and L'Uranie et La Physcienne. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7(7): 388–392 [392]] [337, pl. 59(2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP A.3641, Waigeo (as Vaigiou), Indonesia.
• Mugil occidentalis Castelnau, F.L. de 1873. Contribution to the ichthyology of Australia. 8. Fishes of Western Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria 2: 123-149 [135].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP 3655, rivers of WA; MNHP 3654, rivers of WA; NMV 51852 (NMV syntype is Mugil cephalus), rivers of WA.
• Mugil ventricosus Castelnau, F.L. de 1875. Researches on the fishes of Australia. Intercolonial Exhibition Essays. 2. pp. 1–52 in, Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876 : Official Record. Melbourne. [32].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP A.3725, Nicol Bay, WA.
• Mugil rossi Bleeker, P. 1854. Bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van de Kokos-eilanden. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 7: 37-48 [45].

  Type data:

   Holotype RMNH 1641 or 6397, Nova Selma, Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [537]
• Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [276]

Generic Combinations

• Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1930. Five new generic names for Australian fishes. The Australian Zoologist 6(3): 250-251 [250]
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (644)
  Randall, J.E., Allen, G.R. & Steene, R. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 557 pp. figs. [290]
• Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). —
  Jordan, D.S. & Seale, A. 1906. The fishes of Samoa. Description of the species found in the Archipelago, with a provisional checklist of the fishes of Oceania. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries (U.S.) for 1905 25: 173-455 figs 1-111 pls 33-53 [218]
• Chelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). —
  Taylor, W.R. 1964. Fishes of Arnhem Land. Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land 4: 44-307 figs 1-68 [119]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, WA (25°20´S) to Richmond River, NSW (29°04´S), also Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Ashmore Reef, Timor Sea (12°32'S); tropical, Indo-west–central Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Allen, G.R. 1997. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South-east Asia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 292 pp. 106 pls. [176]

Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V. 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth : Tropical Reef Research 3 vols, 1260 pp. [157] (as Ellochelon vaigiensis)

Allen, G.R. & Swainston, R. 1988. The Marine Fishes of North-Western Australia. A field guide for anglers and divers. Perth, WA : Western Australian Museum vi 201 pp., 70 pls. [110] (711)

Dor, M. 1984. CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 437 pp. 2 figs. [192]

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [275] (as Ellochelon vaigiensis)

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [116] (and p. 114, as Mugil ventricosus)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105] (712)

Randall, J.E., Allen, G.R. & Steene, R. 1997. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 557 pp. figs. [290] (as Ellochelon vaigiensis)

Taylor, W.R. 1964. Fishes of Arnhem Land. Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land 4: 44-307 figs 1-68 [119] (as Chelon vaigiensis)

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (644 as Ellochelon vaigiensis)

Common Name References

Allen, G.R. 1985. Fishes of Western Australia. Book 9. pp. 2207-2534 526 pls in Burgess, W.E. & Axelrod, H.R. (eds). Pacific Marine Fishes. Neptune, New Jersey : T.F.H. Publications. [2388] (Diamond Scale Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [284] (Diamond-scale Mullet)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [410] (Diamond-scaled Mullet, Large-scaled Mullet)

Prokop, F. 2002. Australian Fish Guide. Croydon South, Victoria : Australian Fishing Network 256 pp. [108] (Large Scale Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Diamondscale Mullet)

Yearsley, G.K., Last, P.R. & Ward, R.D. (eds) 1999. Australian Seafood Handbook. Hobart : CSIRO Marine Research 460 pp. [188] (Largescale Mullet)

Yearsley, G.K. (ed.) 1995. Marketing Names for Fish and Seafood in Australia. Canberra : Department of Primary Industries and Energy 170 pp. [59] (Australian Marketing Name) (Diamondscale Mullet)

History of changes

• Moolgarda Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1-42 figs 1-15 [14].

  Type species:

   Moolgarda pura Whitley, 1945 by original designation.
• Valamugil Smith, J.L.B. 1948. A generic revision of the mugilid fishes of South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11 14(76): 833-843 figs 1-15 [1947] [834, 841].

  Type species:

   Mugil seheli Forsskål, 1775 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [278]

Introduction

The genus has generally been recognised as Valamugil. Thompson (1997) regarded Moolgarda as a synonym of Liza based on examination of paratypes. Senou (2002) noted that the holotype of the type species of Moolgarda (M. pura) was a specimen of Valamugil seheli, the type species of Valamugil. The holotype probably does not exist, but the original description indicates that Senou (2002) was correct (Kottelat 2013). As a result Moolgarda is the older name.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

MUGILIDAE: Moolgarda speigleri Bleeker, 1858 [see Valamugil speigleri; a single Australian record of Moolgarda speigleri from the Burdekin River, QLD, held in the Australian Museum (A.18134) and reported by Thomson (1997), has since been re-identified as Moolgarda cunnesius (Ghasemzadeh pers. comm.)]

MUGILIDAE: Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858) — Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [507]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west–central Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Northeast Province (18), Norfolk Island Province (21), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790.

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663

Senou, H. 2002. Mugilidae. pp. 1510-1513 in Nakabo, T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. English edition. Tokyo : Toikai University Press pp. 867-1749.

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

History of changes

• Mugil buchanani Bleeker, P. 1853. Nalezingen op de ichthyologische fauna van Bengalen en Hindostan. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen 25: 1-164 pls 1-6 [99].

  Type data:

   Holotype RMNH 6383, Hooghly River, Calcutta, India.
• Oedalechilus kesteveni Whitley, G.P. 1943. Ichthyological notes and illustrations. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 10(2): 167-187 figs 1-10 [178].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM A.4797, Port Essington, NT.
  Paratype(s) AM A.4796; AM A.4797.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [500]

Generic Combinations

• Valamugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853). —
  Smith, J.L.B. 1948. A generic revision of the mugilid fishes of South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11 14(76): 833-843 figs 1-15 [1947] [841]
• Moolgarda buchanani (Bleeker, 1853). —
  Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [278]

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Plicomugil labiosus Valenciennes, 1836. —
  Taylor, W.R. 1964. Fishes of Arnhem Land. Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land 4: 44-307 figs 1-68 [121] (placed Oedalechilus kesteveni in the synonymy of P. labiosus)

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Exmouth Gulf, WA (22°17´S) to Fitzroy River, QLD (23°30´S); tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Allen, G.R. 1997. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South-east Asia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 292 pp. 106 pls. [176]

Allen, G.R. & Swainston, R. 1988. The Marine Fishes of North-Western Australia. A field guide for anglers and divers. Perth, WA : Western Australian Museum vi 201 pp., 70 pls. [110]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2102]

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (716)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (666 and 662, as Oedalechilus kesteveni)

Common Name References

Allen, G.R. & Swainston, R. 1988. The Marine Fishes of North-Western Australia. A field guide for anglers and divers. Perth, WA : Western Australian Museum vi 201 pp., 70 pls. [110] (Blue-tail Mullet)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2102] (FAO) (Bluetail Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (Buchanan's Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Bluetail Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil cunnesius Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [114] [based on kunneseé in Russell, P. 1803. Descriptions and Figures of 200 Fishes, Collected at Vizagapatam on the Coast of Coromandel. London : East India Co. Vol. 1, 78 pp.; Vol. 2, 85 pp.; 208 pls].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP A.4636, B.2678, B2629, Moluccas, Indonesia; MNHP A.3701–02, Bombay, India; MNHP A.3726–27, 1992–561, Malabar, India.

Generic Combinations

• Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (eds) 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokyo : Tokai University Press Vol. 1–2 437 pp. 247 figs 370 pls. [120]
• Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [278]

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Valamugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858) [misidentification, see Excluded Taxa under Moolgarda]. —
  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [507] (misidentification)
• Moolgarda speigleri Bleeker, 1858 [misidentification, see Excluded Taxa under Moolgarda].

Introduction

Thomson (1997) considers Mugil perusii and Mugil strongylocephalus to be junior synonyms of V. cunnesius, however Harrison and Senou (1999) recognise M. perusii as a separate species (Valamugil perusii), with Mugil strongylocephalus as a junior synonym, and a distribution including northern Australia. Consequently the two species have been confused in Australia and some records of this species may be based on Moolgarda perusii.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, WA (25°21´S) to Mooloolaba (26°40´S), QLD; tropical, Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Dor, M. 1984. CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 437 pp. 2 figs. [191] (as Valamugil cunnesius)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2103] (as Valamugil cunnesius)

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [115] (as Mugil cunnesius)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 (as Valamugil cunnesius, in part)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (655, as Mugil cunnesius)

Common Name References

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [146] (Long-finned Mullet, Mud Mullet)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2103] (FAO) (Longarm Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [104] (Round-headed Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Roundhead Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil engeli Bleeker, P. 1859. Conspectus specierum Mugilis Archipelagi indici analyticus. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 16: 275-280 [277].

  Type data:

   Lectotype RMNH 6392, Jakarta (as Batavia), Indonesia.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [503].

Generic Combinations

• Valamugil engeli (Bleeker, 1859). —
  Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. & Yoshino, T. (eds) 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokyo : Tokai University Press Vol. 1–2 437 pp. 247 figs 370 pls. [120]
• Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker, 1859). —
  Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [279]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Darwin (130°50´E) NT to south of Bowen, QLD (20°34´S), however following re-identification of Australian Museum material incorrectly identified as this species, distribution on the east coast is unclear; tropical, Indo-west–central Pacific.

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2104] (as Valamugil engeli)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [503] (as Valamugil engeli)

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2104] (FAO) (Kanda)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Kanda Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil perusii Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [116].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP A.3645, Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands.
• Mugil strongylocephalus Richardson, J. 1846. Report on the ichthyology of the seas of China and Japan. Report of the 15th meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1845: 187-320 [249].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1972.11.27.1, Hong Kong.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2106]

Generic Combinations

• Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Senou, H. 2002. Mugilidae. pp. 1510-1513 in Nakabo, T. (ed.). Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species. English edition. Tokyo : Toikai University Press pp. 867-1749.
• Valamugil perusii (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2106]
• Valamugil strongylocephalus (Richardson, 1846). —
  Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [104] (708)
• Chelon strongylocephalus (Richardson, 1846). —
  Taylor, W.R. 1964. Fishes of Arnhem Land. Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land 4: 44-307 figs 1-68 [118]

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Valamugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) [misidentification in part, considered a senior synonym]. —
  Hoese, D.F. & Bray, D.J. 2006. Mugilidae. pp. 675-685 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp.

Introduction

This species was regarded as a synonym of Valamugil cunnesius by Thomson (1997), but separated by Harrison & Senou (1999). Because of the similarity of these two species, some records of Moolgarda cunnesius may be based on this species.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Darwin to Pellew Island, NT to east Gulf of Carpentaria, Cape York, QLD, but probably more widespread, tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Inshore estuarine, inshore marine, mud bottom, schooling.

General References

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [279]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 (as Valamugil cunnesius, in part)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (656, as Mugil strongylocephalus)

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2106] (Longfinned Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil crenilabis seheli Forsskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quæ in Itinere Orientali observavit Petrus Forskål. Post Mortem Auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Adjuncta est Materia Medica Kakirina atque Tabula Maris Rubri Geographica. Hauniæ : Mölleri 1-19, i-xxxiv, 164 pp., 1 map. [73].

  Type data:

   Neotype BMNH 1969.2.8.2 (UZM P.71373 skin listed as possible holotype by Klausewitz, W. & Nielsen, J.G. 1965. On Forsskål's collection of fishes in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 22: 1–29 figs 1–3 pls 1–38; type locality originally Red Sea, but there is uncertainty as to whether it is a type, see Kottelat 2013), Lohaja, Red Sea.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [506].
• Mugil delicatus Alleyne, H.G. & Macleay, W.J. 1877. The ichthyology of the Chevert Expedition. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1(3–4): 261-281, 321-359, pls 3-9, 10-17 [pp. 261-281, pls 3-9 published Feb 1877; pp. 321-359, pls 10-17 published Mar 1877] [341, pl. 15(1)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) AM I.16294–001, Cape York, QLD.
• Mugil splendens De Vis, C.W. 1885. New fishes in the Queensland Museum. No. 5. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 9(4): 869-887 [871].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.967, Cardwell, QLD.
• Moolgarda pura Whitley, G.P. 1945. New sharks and fishes from Western Australia. Part 2. The Australian Zoologist 11(1): 1-42 figs 1-15 [15, fig. 8].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown female specimen 490 mm, Point Cloates, Western Australia; in schools in shallow water over sand, 6th October, 1944.
  Paratype(s) AM I.12900-12901 (identified by Whitley as Moolgarda pura in register; specimen = Liza subviridis), Shark Bay, Western Australia; AM (Whitley mentions co-types from Broome, Exmouth Gulf and Onslo, Western Australia, and specimens identified as Liza subviridis and Valamugil buchanani are in AM from Broome, but not clearly marked as Moolgarda pura and it is not clear if any are paratypes).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [505]
• Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [280] (Moolgarda pura)

Generic Combinations

• Moolgarda delicata (Alleyne & Macleay, 1877). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (645, changed combination cited)
• Valamugil pura (Whitley, 1945). —
  Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (717 changed combination)
• Valamugil seheli (Forsskål, 1775). —
  Smith, J.L.B. 1948. A generic revision of the mugilid fishes of South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11 14(76): 833-843 figs 1-15 [1947] [842]
• Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål, 1775). —
  Randall, J.E. 1995. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Bathurst : Crawford House Publishing 439 pp. [237]
• Liza splendens (De Vis, 1885). —
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117] (changed combinatiion)

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Monte Bello Islands (20°24´S) to Moreton Bay, QLD (27°15´S), also Herald Cays, Coral Sea (16°57'S), Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island; tropical, Indo-west–central Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Northeast Province (18), Norfolk Island Province (21), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V. 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth : Tropical Reef Research 3 vols, 1260 pp. [157] (as Moolgarda seheli)

Dor, M. 1984. CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 437 pp. 2 figs. [193] (as Valamugil seheli)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2107] (as Valamugil seheli)

Hoese, D.F. in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. 2006. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing : Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178. [685]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [114] (as Mugil delicatus)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (716, as Valamugil seheli)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 (as Valamugil seheli)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (645, as Moolgarda delicata and 648 as Moolgarda pura)

Common Name References

Allan, R. 2002. Australian Fish and How to Catch Them. Sydney : New Holland Publishers (Australia) 394 pp. [232] (Blue-tailed Mullet, Even Sand Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [150] (Black-spot Mullet, Long-armed Mullet, Long-finned Mullet, Sand Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [282] (Bluetail Mullet)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2107] (FAO) (Bluespot Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [105] (Blue-spot Mullet, Blue-tail Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Bluespot Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [316].

  Type species:

   Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Carnarvon (CAR), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Dampierland (DL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Pilbara (PIL), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

History of changes

• Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10 Edn., 824 pp. [316].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) NHRM LP.43, European Ocean.
• Mugil dobula Günther, A. 1861. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 3 586 pp. [420, 421, fig.].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1847.6.17.23, Perth, WA; BMNH 1848.10.25.32, Perth, WA; BMNH 1851.2.29.7–8, Perth, WA; BMNH 1844.2.15.51, Perth, WA; BMNH 1869.7.18.3, Perth, WA.
• Mugil gelatinosus Klunzinger, C.B. 1872. Zur Fische-fauna von Süd Australien. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 38(1): 17-47 pl. 2 [35].

  Type data:

   Holotype SMNS 1563, Murray River, SA.
• Mugil grandis Castelnau, F.L. de 1879. Essay on the ichthyology of Port Jackson. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 3(4): 347-402 [386].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, Port Jackson, NSW.
• Mugil muelleri Klunzinger, C.B. 1879. Die v. Müller'sche Sammlung Australischer Fische. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Wien 16(22): 254-261 [395] [as Mugil Muelleri; described in more detail in Klunzinger, C.B. 1880. Die von Müller'sche Sammlung australischer Fische in Stuttgart. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien 80(1): 325–430 pls 1–9 [395]].

  Type data:

   Holotype SMNS 2572 (missing), King George Sound, WA.
• Mugil marginalis De Vis, C.W. 1885. New fishes in the Queensland Museum. No. 5. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 9(4): 869-887 [870].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) QM I.121, Brisbane, QLD; QM I.9774, Brisbane, QLD.
• Mugil marginatus Saville-Kent, W. 1893. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its Products and Potentialities. London : W.H. Allen & Co., Limited. [xiii] + 388 pp. 21 figs 64 pls. [294] [nom. nud.; McCulloch, A.R. 1930. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5(1–4): 1–534 (114) refers to this as a misspelling].
• Mugil hypselosoma Ogilby, J.D. 1897. New genera and species of Australian fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 22(1): 62-95 [74].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) QM, Port Jackson and Botany Bay, NSW.
• Mugil oecur Ogilby, J.D. 1897. Some Tasmanian fishes. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1896: 69-85 [74] [description given in passing in comparison with Mugil dobula and was probably based on literature information rather than specimens and probably a misspelling of Mugil oeur Rüppell, 1838].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, Moreton Bay, QLD.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [91]
• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [483]

Introduction

Genetic studies have indicated that, as currently recognised, Mugil cephalus is a composite of isolated genetically distinct forms that probably should be treated as species (see Crosetti et al. 1994; Heras et al. 2009; Whitfield et al. 2012; Durand et al. 2012). Numerous names are available from the Indo-Pacific region and the precise geographical distribution of the various forms has not been resolved. Consequently it is not clear which name would apply to the Australian species. Some genetic studies have indicated that more than one species may be present in Australia (Durand et al. 2012)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Horn Island, QLD (10°38´S) to Kimberley region, WA (126°35´E) and Bass Strait, TAS; tropical, temperate, circumglobal, frequently entering lower freshwater reaches of rivers.

IBRA

NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Carnarvon (CAR), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Dampierland (DL), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Pilbara (PIL), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, freshwater, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Predominantly estuarine and marine, but extends several kilometres inland in rivers.

General References

Allen, G.R. 1997. Marine Fishes of Tropical Australia and South-east Asia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 292 pp. 106 pls. [176]

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [255]

Allen, G.R. & Swainston, R. 1988. The Marine Fishes of North-Western Australia. A field guide for anglers and divers. Perth, WA : Western Australian Museum vi 201 pp., 70 pls. [110]

Crosetti, D., Nelson, W.S. & Avise, J.C. 1994. Pronounced genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA among populations of the circumglobally distributed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Journal of Fish Biology 44: 47-58 figs 1-2

Durand, D., Shen, K.-N., Chen, W.-J., Jamandre, B.W., Blel, H., Diop, K., Nirchio, M., Garcia de León, F.J., Whitfield, A.K., Chang, C.-W. & Borsa, P. 2012. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64(1): 73-92

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Mugilidae. pp. 390-394 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [393]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2096]

Heras, S., Roldán, M.I. & Castro, M.G. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of Mugilidae fishes revised. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 19(2): 217–231 [223]

Kailola, P.J., Williams, M.J., Stewart, P.C., Reichelt, R.E., McNee, A. & Grieve, C. 1993. Australian Fisheries Resources. Canberra : Bureau of Resource Sciences and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation 422 pp. [330]

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [263]

Kuiter, R.H. 1994. Family Mugilidae. pp. 659-664, figs 578-581 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [662]

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. [403]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [114] (also as Mugil marginalis and p. 116, as Mugil mulleri)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [274]

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [103] (705)

Pusey, B.J., Kennard, M.J. & Arthington, A.H. 2004. Freshwater Fishes of North-eastern Australia. Collingwood, Victoria : CSIRO Publishing 684 pp. [426]

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [193]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitfield, A.K., Panfili, J. & Durand, J.-D. 2012. A global review of the cosmopolitan flathead mullet Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758 (Teleostei: Mugilidae), with emphasis on the biology, genetics, ecology and fisheries aspects of the apparent species complex. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 641-681

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [39] (652 as Mugil dobula)

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [663] (juveniles) (Poddy Mullet, Striped Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [281] (Sea Mullet)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2096] (Flathead Mullet)

Hutchins, J.B. & Swainston, R. 1986. Sea Fishes of Southern Australia. Complete field guide for anglers and divers. Perth : Swainston Publishing 180 pp. [663] (Hardgut River Mullet)

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. [403] (Grey Mullet)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [409] (Sand Mullet)

Prokop, F. 2002. Australian Fish Guide. Croydon South, Victoria : Australian Fishing Network 256 pp. [110] (Bully, Hard-gut Mullet, Poddies)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Sea Mullet)

Yearsley, G.K., Last, P.R. & Ward, R.D. (eds) 1999. Australian Seafood Handbook. Hobart : CSIRO Marine Research 460 pp. [191] (Bully Mullet, Hardgut Mullet, Mangrove Mullet, River Mullet)

History of changes

• Myxus Günther, A. 1861. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 3 586 pp. [466].

  Type species:

   Myxus elongatus Günther, 1861 by subsequent designation, see Jordan, D.S. 1919. The genera of fishes. Part 3. Stanford University Publications, University Series 39: 285-410 [307].

Introduction

Thomson (1997) included Mugil capensis from South Africa in this genus, but more recently Durand et al. (2012) separated that species into the genus Pseudomugil. Thomson (1997) also included Trahcystoma petardi in Myxus.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

South-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

General References

Durand, J.-D., Chen, W.-J., Shen, K.-N., Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies [from 2002, formerly Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie] 335: 687-697

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

History of changes

• Myxus elongatus Günther, A. 1861. Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 3 586 pp. [466].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1846.6.17.23, Hobson's Bay, VIC and Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1846.10.22.16, Hobson's Bay, VIC and Port Jackson, NSW; BMNH 1847.6.17.33, Hobson's Bay, VIC and Port Jackson, NSW.
• Mugil crenidens Kner, R. 1865. Reise des Österreichischen Fregatte Novara un die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859, unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstand-Urbair. Zool. Theil. Fische 1 und 2. Abteilung. Wien : Kurl Gerold's & Sohn 272 pp. [229, pl. 9(4)].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) NHMW 9299–9300, New Holland.
• Cestraeus norfolcensis Ogilby, J.D. 1897. New genera and species of Australian fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 22(1): 62-95 [80] [usually treated as a synonym of Myxus elongatus, but disputed by Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457–562 fig. 1; inclusion here is based on identification provided by J. Ghasemzadeh].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) AM I.4937, Norfolk Island.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [118]
• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [475]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Heron Island, QLD (23°26´S) to Mandurah, WA (32°32´S) and northern and eastern TAS, also Elizabeth Reef, NSW, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island; subtropical, south-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Mugilidae. pp. 390-394 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [394]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2097]

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [263]

Kuiter, R.H. 1994. Family Mugilidae. pp. 659-664, figs 578-581 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [663]

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. [404]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [118]

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (720)

Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [193]

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (669)

Common Name References

Allan, R. 2002. Australian Fish and How to Catch Them. Sydney : New Holland Publishers (Australia) 394 pp. [234] (Poddy)

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [664] (Bully Mullet)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [283] (Sand Mullet, Tallegalane)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [405] (Lano, Wide Bay Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (Tallegalene)

Prokop, F. 2002. Australian Fish Guide. Croydon South, Victoria : Australian Fishing Network 256 pp. [110] (Black Spot Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Sand Mullet)

History of changes

• Oedalechilus Fowler, H.W. 1903. New and little known Mugilidae and Sphyraenidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 5: 727-742 pls 41-44 [748] [as subgenus of Liza].

  Type species:

   Mugil labeo Cuvier, 1829 by original designation.
• Plicomugil Schultz, L.P. 1953. Mugilidae. pp. 310-322 in Schultz, L.P., Herald, E.S., Lachner, E.A., Welander, A.D. & Woods, L.P. (eds). Fishes of the Marshall and Marianas Islands. Vol. 1. Families Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 202(1): 1-685, figs 1-90, pls 1-74 [315, 320].

  Type species:

   Mugil labiosus Valenciennes, 1836 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [542]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

East Atlantic-Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northeast Province (18), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Mugil labiosus Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [125].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHP A.3616, Red Sea; MNHP A.3617, Red Sea.

Generic Combinations

• Crenimugil labiosus (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [119]
  Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [107] (723)
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (665)
  Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [264]
• Plicomugil labiosus (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Taylor, W.R. 1964. Fishes of Arnhem Land. Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land 4: 44-307 figs 1-68 [121]
• Oedalechilus labiosus (Valenciennes, 1836). —
  Randall, J.E. 1983. Red Sea Reef Fishes. London : Immel pp. 192. [94]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Fenelon Island, WA (125°55´E) to North East Cay (21°38'S, 153°46'E), QLD and occasionally as far south as Sydney, NSW (33°51´S); tropical, Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northeast Province (18), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Coral reef, inshore, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V. 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Perth : Tropical Reef Research 3 vols, 1260 pp. [157]

Dor, M. 1984. CLOFRES, Checklist of the Fishes of the Red Sea. Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities 437 pp. 2 figs. [192]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2100]

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [264] (as Crenimugil labiosus)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [107] (723, as Crenimugil labiosus)

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 (as Crenimugil labiosus)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (665 as Crenimugil labiosus)

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2100] (FAO) (Hornlip Mullet)

Kuiter, R.H. 1993. Coastal Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Bathurst : Crawford House Press 437 pp. [264] (Fringe-lip Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [723] (Fringe-lipped Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Hornlip Mullet)

History of changes

• Paramugil Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22 [12].

  Type species:

   Mugil parmaturus Cantor, 2004 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

History of changes

• Mugil georgii Ogilby, J.D. 1897. New genera and species of Australian fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 22(1): 62-95 [77].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.4936, Georges River, NSW.
• Mugil nortoni Ogilby, J.D. 1908. New or little known fishes in the Queensland Museum. Annals of the Queensland Museum 9(1): 3-41 [22].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.775, eastern Australia.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [504]
• Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22 [16]

Generic Combinations

• Valamugil georgii (Ogilby, 1897). —
  Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [196]
  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [504]
• Paramugil georgii (Ogilby, 1897). —
  Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22 [16]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Fitzroy River, WA (17°30'S) to Tuross River, NSW (36°05´S), possibly further south on west coast to Dampier (20°45'S); tropical.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic.

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2105] (as Valamugil georgii)

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [114] (as Mugil georgi)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [103] (705, as Mugil georgi)

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 (as Mugil georgi)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [504] (as Valamugil georgii)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (654, as Mugil georgi)

Common Name References

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [147] (Flicker, Small Fantail Mullet, Tychuree)

Grant, E.M. 1991. Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : EM Grant Pty Ltd 480 pp. [282] (FAO) (Fantail Mullet)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [407] (Pink-eye)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [103] (Fan-tail Mullet, Silver Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Fantail Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil parmatus Cantor, T.E. 1850. Catalogue of Malayan fishes. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 18(2): 983-1443 pls 1-14 [dated 1849] [1076].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (RMNH 6405 designated as neotype by Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9–22 [15], but bottle contains seven specimens), Sea of Penang (as Pinang).
• Mugil oligolepis Bleeker, P. 1859. Conspectus specierum Mugilis Archipelagi indici analyticus. Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 16: 275-280 [275].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) RMNH 6405, Sumbawa, Indonesia.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [528]
• Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22 [15]

Generic Combinations

• Liza parmata (Cantor, 1850). —
  Kottelat, M., Whitten, A.J., Kartikasar, S.N. & Wirjoatmodjo, S. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Hong Kong : Periplus Editions 259 pp. [173]
  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [528]
  Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2090]
• Paramugil parmatus (Cantor, 1850). —
  Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22 [15] (changed combination as type of genus Paramugil)

Introduction

Ghasemzadeh et al. (2004) wrongly attribute a holotype to Bleeker's Mugil oligolepis, but no holotype was established originally; they designated that "holotype" as the neotype for Mugil parmatus Cantor 1850, but no length was given for the "holotype" so the neotype designation was not established (Eschmeyer 2012; Kottelat 2013).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Darwin, NT (130°48´E) to Norman River, QLD (140°45´E); tropical, Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic, sand bottom marine.

General References

Eschmeyer, W.N. 2012. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 15 March 2012. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp (Electronic version accessed 1 Aug 2012)

Ghasemzadeh, J., Ivantsoff, W. & Aarn 2004. Historical overview of mugilid systematics, with description of Paramugil (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), new genus. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 8(1): 9-22 [15]

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2090] (as Liza parmata)

Kottelat, M. 2013. The fishes of the inland waters of southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement 27: 1-663 [277] (discussion of validity of neotype designation; as Liza parmata)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [528] (as Liza parmata)

Common Name References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2090] (FAO) (Broadmouthed Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Broadmouth Mullet)

History of changes

• Rhinomugil Gill, T.N. 1863. Descriptive enumeration of a collection of fishes from the western coast of Central America, presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Capt. John M. Dow. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 15(4): 162-174 [169].

  Type species:

   Mugil corsula Hamilton, 1822 by monotypy.
• Squalomugil Ogilby, J.D. 1908. New or little known fishes in the Queensland Museum. Annals of the Queensland Museum 9(1): 3-41 [3, 28].

  Type species:

   Mugil nasutus De Vis, 1883 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [497]

Introduction

Based on molecular studies Durand et al. (2012) treat Squalomugil as a distinct genus.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Durand, J.-D., Chen, W.-J., Shen, K.-N., Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies [from 2002, formerly Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie] 335: 687-697

History of changes

• Mugil nasutus De Vis, C.W. 1883. Descriptions of two new Queensland fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 7(4): 620-621 [dated 1882] [621].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM I.120 (AM I.12693 listed as syntype in collection, but possibly not a type because the species appeared to have been described from one specimen), Cardwell, QLD.

Generic Combinations

• Rhinomugil nasutus (De Vis, 1883). —
  Schultz, L.P. 1946. A revision of the genera of mullets, fishes of the family Mugilidae, with descriptions of three new genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 96(3204): 377-395 figs 28-32 [384]
  Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2 [122]
• Squalomugil nasutus (De Vis, 1883). —
  Ogilby, J.D. 1908. New or little known fishes in the Queensland Museum. Annals of the Queensland Museum 9(1): 3-41 [28]
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117]
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (667)

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Derby, WA (17°06´S) to Fitzroy River, QLD (23°21´S); tropical, New Guinea.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, inshore, mud bottom-marine, pelagic.

General References

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2101]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [117] (as Squalomugil nasutus)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [107] (724)

Thomson, J.M. 1954. The Mugilidae of Australia and adjacent seas. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 5(1): 70-131 figs 1-16 pls 1-2

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (667, as Squalomugil nasutus)

Common Name References

Grant, E.M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. Brisbane : Queensland Government, Co-ordinator General’s Department 640 pp. [147] (Popeye, Popeyed Mullet, Sharp-nosed Mullet, Skipjack Mullet)

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [404] (Skip-jack Mullet)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [107] (FAO) (Mud Mullet, Shark Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Popeye Mullet)

History of changes

• Trachystoma Ogilby, J.D. 1888. On a new genus and species of Australian Mugilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 614-616 [614].

  Type species:

   Trachystoma multidens Ogilby, 1888 by monotypy.

Introduction

Treated as a synonym of Myxus by Thomson (1997). Tentatively we retain the genus Trachystoma.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, Qld: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

General References

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [473]

History of changes

• Mugil petardi Castelnau, F.L. de 1875. Researches on the fishes of Australia. Intercolonial Exhibition Essays. 2. pp. 1–52 in, Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876 : Official Record. Melbourne. [32] [sometimes incorrectly spelled Mugil pettardi].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHP A.5130, Richmond River, NSW.
• Mugil breviceps Steindachner, F. 1866. Über die Fische von Port Jackson in Australien. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Wien 3(7): 50-55 [52] [junior homonym of Mugil breviceps Valenciennes, 1836; described in more detail in Steindachner, F. 1866. Zur Fischfauna von Port Jackson in Australien. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien 53(1): 424–480 figs 1–7 [459, pl. 1(1)]].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHMW 75847, Port Jackson, NSW; NHMW 60923, Port Jackson, NSW.
• Trachystoma multidens Ogilby, J.D. 1888. On a new genus and species of Australian Mugilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887: 614-616 [614].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, Karuah River, (Port Stephens fish market), NSW.
• Mugil parviceps Waite, E.R. 1904. A synopsis of the fishes of New South Wales. Memoirs of the New South Wales Naturalists' Club 2: 1-59 [22] [nom. nov. for Mugil breviceps Steindachner, 1866].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [476] (this species is frequently placed in genus Myxus)

Generic Combinations

• Myxus petardi (Castelnau, 1875). —
  Allen, G.R. 1989. Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Neptune, New Jersey : T.F.H. Publications 240 pp., 63 pls. [185]
  Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [191]
  Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 [476]
  Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2098]
  Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [254]
• Trachystoma petardi (Castelnau, 1875). —
  McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [118]
  Hoese, D.F. & Bray, D.J. 2006. Mugilidae. pp. 675-685 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [683] (changed combination from Myxus)

Introduction

This species is frequently placed in genus Myxus.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Burnett River, QLD (25°03´S) to Clyde River, NSW (35°31´S); subtropical.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NSW, Qld: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Estuary, freshwater, inshore.

General References

Allen, G.R. 1989. Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Neptune, New Jersey : T.F.H. Publications 240 pp., 63 pls. [185] (as Myxus petardi)

Allen, G.R., Midgley, S.H. & Allen, M. 2002. Field Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 394 pp. [254] (as Myxus petardi)

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. pp. 2069-2790 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, T.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 4 pp. 2069-2790. [2098] (as Myxus petardi)

Lake, J.S. 1978. Australian Freshwater Fishes. Melbourne : Thomas Nelson 160 pp. 140 figs. [66]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [118]

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [277] (as Myxus petardi)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (719)

Thomson, J.M. 1996. Family Mugilidae. pp. 191-197 in McDowall, R.M. (ed.). Freshwater Fishes of South-eastern Australia. Sydney : Reed Books 247 pp. [191] (as Myxus petardi)

Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457-562 fig. 1 (as Myxus petardi)

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [40] (668)

Common Name References

Marshall, T.C. 1964. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coastal Waters of Queensland. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 566 pp. 136 pls. [406] (Pink-eye, Richmond Mullet, River Mullet)

Merrick, J.R. & Schmida, G.E. 1984. Australian Freshwater Fishes Biology and Management. Sydney : J.R. Merrick 409 pp. figs 280 col. figs. [277] (FAO) (Freshwater Mullet, Pinkeye)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [106] (Fresh Water Mullet)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Pinkeye Mullet)

History of changes

• Mugil acutus Valenciennes, A. in Cuvier, G.L. & Valenciennes, A. 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Paris : Levrault Vol. 11 506 pp. pls 307-343. [140] [regarded as inadequately described by Thomson, J.M. 1997. The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 41(3): 457–562 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown, New Holland.

History of changes