Introduction

The superorder Cyclosquamata comprises a single order, Aulopiformes (Nelson 2006).

General References

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

History of changes

Introduction

The order Aulopiformes as presented here follows the classification of Baldwin & Johnson (1996) and Sato & Nakabo (2002) based on morphological characters. Nelson (2006) recognised four extant suborders with 13 families, and one fossil suborder, whereas Eschmeyer (2011) recognises 17 families with 326 species. Johnson et al. (1996) erected the suborder Synodontoidei. Hartel & Stiassny (1986) reviewed relationships within the order. Baldwin & Johnson (1996) also discussed relationships within the group and providing information which differed from previous classifications. The classification of Baldwin & Johnson (1996) recognised Bathysauridae as distinct and related to Giganturidae, and placed Anotopterus within the Paralepedidae. Although Baldwin & Johnson (1996) retained four suborders, the arrangement of families differs considerably from earlier classifications. Sato & Nakabo (2002) erected Paraulopidae to include a group of species from Chlorophthalmidae and recognised Bathysauropsidae for Bathysauropsis and the Bathysauroididae for Bathysauroides. Nelson (2006) followed the classification of Baldwin & Johnson (1996), with the modifications proposed by Sato & Nakabo (2002) and recognised four suborders of extant fishes and two fossil suborders for the Aulopiformes. WIley & Johnson (2010) presented characters diagnosing the order based on the work of Johnson et al. (1996), Baldwin & Johnson (1996) and Sato & Nakabo (2002). Davis (2010) concluded that the Chlorophthalmoidei is paraphyletic. He presented a revised classification based on total evidence, and provided evidence supporting previously unrecognized clades, within some of the suborders. He recognised the suborder Aulopoidei (including the Aulopidae,and Synodontidae), the suborder Paraulopoidei (including only the family Paraulopidae) and the remaining families in the suborder Alepisauroidei. Within the latter suborder he moved some genera from the Papalepididae to the Alepisauridae and recognised the Sudidae as a distinct family. Tentatively we retain the classification of Wiley & Johnson (2010).

Aulopiforms range from benthic fishes inhabiting the continental shelf and slope, to pelagic, meso- and bathypelagic fishes. Many species are hermaphroditic.

General References

Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson, G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. pp. 355-404 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Davis, M.P. 2010. Evolutionary relationships of the Aulopiformes (Euteleostei: Cyclosquamata): a molecular and total evidence approach. pp. 431-470 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Eschmeyer, W.N. 2011. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 29 March 2011. http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp

Hartel, K.E. & Stiassny, L.J. 1986. The identification of larval Parasudis (Teleostei, Chlorophthalmidae); with notes on the anatomy and relationships of aulopiform fishes. Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 487: 1-23

Johnson,G.D., Baldwin,C.C., Okiyama, M. & Tominaga, Y. 1996. Osteology and relationships of Pseudotrichonotus altivelis (Teleostei: Aulopifornies: Pseudotrichonotidae). Ichthyological Research 43: 17-45

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46

Common Name References

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp. [214] (Lizardfishes)

History of changes

Introduction

Baldwin & Johnson (1996) defined the suborder Alepisauroidei. That classification was followed by Wiley & Johnson (2010). The suborder contains four families of fishes found in mesopelagic and bathypelagic environments in all oceans. Davis (2010) presented a different classification, retaining it as a monophyletic group, but including the families in the superfamily Alepisauroidea of the suborder Alepisauroidei and separated the Sudidae from the Paralepedidae.

General References

Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson, G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. pp. 355-404 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Davis, M.P. 2010. Evolutionary relationships of the Aulopiformes (Euteleostei: Cyclosquamata): a molecular and total evidence approach. pp. 431-470 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Wiley, E.O. & Johnson, G.D. 2010. A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. pp. 123-182 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

History of changes

Introduction

The Scopelarchidae were recently reviewed by Davis (2015) who studied evolutionary relationships and recognised five genera and 18 species worldwide. Previously, Johnson (1974), recognised four genera and 17 species worldwide, and Johnson (1982) discussed evolutionary relationships. Eight species in five genera are known from Australia's EEZ.

Pearleyes are voracious deep-sea predators found worldwide, commonly at depths of 500-1,000 m as adults. They have large dorsally directed tubular and semi-tubular eyes that allow them to hunt prey above them in the deep oceanic midwaters, and are named for the oval patch of white tissue called the 'pearl organ', found on the side of the eye, the function of which remains obscure (Johnson 1974). Studies by Collin et al. (1998) and Wagner et al. (1998) indicate that they possess a number of visual specializations associated with life in the deep-sea, and are highly capable of observing the bioluminescence produced by other animals. Like most deep-sea aulopiform fishes, pearleyes are simultaneous hermaphrodites (Johnson, 1974; Davis, 2010) with functional ovotestes. Several species are bioluminescent. Maximum size is 35 cm.

General References

Collin, S.P., Hoskins, R.V. & Partridge, J.C.. 1998. Seven retinal specializations in the tubular eyes of the deep-sea pearleye, Scopelarchus michaelsarsi: a case study in visual optimisation. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 51: 291–314

Davis, M.P. 2010. Evolutionary relationships of the Aulopiformes (Euteleostei: Cyclosquamata): a molecular and total evidence approach. pp. 431-470 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Davis, M.P. 2015. Evolutionary relationships of the deep-sea pearleyes (Aulopiformes: Scopelarchidae) and a new genus of pearleye from Antarctic waters. Copeia 2015(1): 64-71

Johnson, R.K. 1974. A revision of the alepisauroid family Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-249 figs 1-60

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Wagner, H.J., Frӧhlich, E., Negishi, K. & Collin, S.P. 1998. The eyes of deep-sea fish II: functional morphology of the retina. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 17: 637–685

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Aulopidae, Chlorophthalmidae, Ipnopidae, Scopelarchidae, Notosudidae. pp. 1919-1927 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1925] (FAO) (Pearleyes)

History of changes

• Benthalbella Zugmayer, E. 1911. Diagnoses des poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse Alice (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 193: 1-14 [14].

  Type species:

   Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, 1911 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

History of changes

• Benthalbella elongata Norman, J.R. 1937. Fishes. Report of the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition 1(2): 49-88 figs 1-11 [86].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1937.9.21.196, northeast of Kerguelen Island, southern Indian Ocean, 2000 m wire out. [45°53'S, 84°33'E].

Generic Combinations

• Benthalbella elongata (Norman, 1937). —
  Bussing, W.A. & Bussing, M.I. 1966. Antarctic Scopelarchidae: a new fish of the genus Benthalbella and the distribution of B. elongata (Norman). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 65(1): 53-64 [58] (changed combination)
  Johnson, R.K. 1974. A revision of the alepisauroid family Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-249 figs 1-60 [71] (changed combination cited)
• Neoscopelarchoides elongatus (Norman, 1937). —
  Marshall, N.B. 1950. Alepisauroid fishes. Discovery Reports 27: 303-336 [310] (changed combination)

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Caacade Plateau, TAS and Macquarie Island, based on specimens in CSIRO; temperate, Southern circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1974. A revision of the alepisauroid family Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-249 figs 1-60 [71]

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74 [154]

Johnson, R.K. 1984. Scopelarchidae. pp. 484-488 in Whitehead, P.J.P., Bauchot, M.-L., Hureau, J.-C., Nielsen, J. & Tortonese, E. (eds).). Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Paris : UNESCO Vol. 1 510 pp. figs.

Post, A. 1990. Scopelarchidae. pp. 134-135 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [134]

Common Name References

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [568] (Elongate Greeneye)

History of changes

• Benthalbella infans Zugmayer, E. 1911. Diagnoses des poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse Alice (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 193: 1-14 [14].

  Type data:

   Holotype MOM 0091-1188, eastern North Atlantic [36°07´N, 10°18´W].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Off Newcastle,m NSW (32º56´S) to S of Point Hicks, VIC (38º30´S); tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp.

Paxton, J.R. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 488-489 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [488]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [569]

Common Name References

Fishbase 2004. Fishbase at. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary. (Fishbase) (Zugmayer's Pearleye)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Childish Pearleye)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [569] (Greeneye)

History of changes

• Lagiacrusichthys Davis, M.P. 2015. Evolutionary relationships of the deep-sea pearleyes (Aulopiformes: Scopelarchidae) and a new genus of pearleye from Antarctic waters. Copeia 2015(1): 64-71 [65].

  Type species:

   Benthalbella macropinna Bussing & Bussing, 1966 by original designation.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Southern Ocean circumglobal

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

History of changes

• Benthalbella macropinna Bussing, W.A. & Bussing, M.I. 1966. Antarctic Scopelarchidae: a new fish of the genus Benthalbella and the distribution of B. elongata (Norman). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 65(1): 53-64 [53, Fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype LACM 10118, Scotia Sea, Eltanin station 359, depth 0-840 m over 3960-3990 m. [56°17'S, 58°09'W].
  Paratype(s) LACM 10119-10144 26 specimens; BMNH 1965.5.26.4; SIO 61-42; USNM 231721; USNM 231722.

Generic Combinations

• Lagiacrusichthys macropinna (Bussing & Bussing, 1966). —
  Davis, M.P. 2015. Evolutionary relationships of the deep-sea pearleyes (Aulopiformes: Scopelarchidae) and a new genus of pearleye from Antarctic waters. Copeia 2015(1): 64-71 [65] (changed combination as type of genusLagiacrusichthys)

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Southern Ocean circumglobal

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, mesopelagic.

General References

Davis, M.P. 2015. Evolutionary relationships of the deep-sea pearleyes (Aulopiformes: Scopelarchidae) and a new genus of pearleye from Antarctic waters. Copeia 2015(1): 64-71 [65] (as Lagiacrusichthys macropinnis)

Johnson, R.K. 1974. A revision of the alepisauroid family Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-249 figs 1-60 [88] (as Benthalbella macropinna)

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74 [157] (as Benthalbella macropinna)

Johnson, R.K. 1986. Family No. 77: Scopelarchidae. pp. 265-267 in Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg : Macmillan South Africa xx + 1047 pp. 144 pls. [266] (as Benthalbella macropinna)

Post, A. 1990. Scopelarchidae. pp. 134-135 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [135] (as Benthalbella macropinna)

Common Name References

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [570] (as Benthalbella macropinna) (Longfin Greeneye)

History of changes

• Rosenblattichthys Johnson, R.K. 1974. Five new species and a new genus of alepisauroid fishes of the Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Copeia 1974(2): 449-457 fig. 1 [451].

  Type species:

   Phanops volucris Rofen, 1966 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

History of changes

• Benthalbella alatus Fourmanoir, P. 1970. Notes Ichthyologiques (I). Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M. Serie Océanographique 8(2): 19-33 figs 1-10 [23, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP 1970–36, western equatorial Pacific [00°18´S, 169°57´E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off Tuggerah Lake (33º17´S) to off Sydney (34º09´S), NSW; tropical, temperate, Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [233]

Paxton, J.R. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 488-489 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [489]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Winged Pearleye)

History of changes

• Scopelarchoides Parr, A.E. 1929. A contribution to the osteology and classification of the orders Iniomi and Xenoberyces, with descriptions of a new genus and species of the family Scopelarchidae, from the western coast of Mexico; and some notes on the visceral anatomy of Rondeletia. Occasional Papers of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 2: 1-45 figs 1-19 [14].

  Type species:

   Scopelarchoides nicholsi Parr, 1929 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Cape Province (20), Central Western Province (6)

History of changes

• Scopelarchoides danae Johnson, R.K. 1974. Five new species and a new genus of alepisauroid fishes of the Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Copeia 1974(2): 449-457 fig. 1 [453].

  Type data:

   Holotype SIO 70–341, South China Sea [18°10´N, 119°35´E].
  Paratype(s) CAS 14300; ISH 2285/71; MCZ 52089-99; SIO (14 lots); USNM 207395; WHOI (11 lots).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Dirk Hartog Island, WA (26ºS), off Cape York, Coral Sea and off Tuggerah Lake, (33º25´S) to south of Sydney, NSW; tropical, Atlantic Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Cape Province (20), Central Western Province (6)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [233]

Paxton, J.R. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 488-489 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [489]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [571]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Dana Pearleye)

History of changes

• Scopelarchoides kreffti Johnson, R.K. 1972. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS 'Walther Herwig' nach Südamerika. 21. A new species of Scopelarchoides (Myctophiformes, Scopelarchidae) from the South Atlantic Ocean. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 23(1): 37-42 [37, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype ISH 1561-1968, Argentine basin, west South Atlantic [34°01'S, 47°39'W].
  Paratype(s) ISH 630-1971; ISH 649-1971; ISH 666-1971; ISH 1012-1971.

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Off Cape Barren Island (40°43'S, 148°58'E) and Pedra Branca Seamount (44°16'S, 147°14'E), TAS; tropical, temperate, southern circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11)

Ecological Descriptors

Continental slope, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

0–2000 m.

General References

Motomura, H., Last, P.R. & Yearsley, G.K. 2007. Scopelarchoides kreffti (Actinopterygii: Aulopiformes: Scopelarchidae) from off Tasmania, Australia: First Records from Outside the South Atlantic Ocean. Species Diversity 12: 9-15 [9]

Common Name References

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [572] (Blackbelly Pearleye)

History of changes

• Scopelarchus Alcock, A.W. 1896. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian marine survey steamer Investigator, Series 2(2). A supplemental list of the marine fishes of India with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 65(2,3): 301-338 [306] [type species as Guentheri].

  Type species:

   Scopelarchus guentheri Alcock, 1896 by monotypy (type species as Scopelarchus Guentheri).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8)

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

History of changes

• Dissomma anale Brauer, A. 1902. Diagnosen von neuen Tiefseefischen, welche von der Valdivia-Expedition gesammelt sind. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25(668): 277-298 [278].

  Type data:

   Lectotype ZMB 11750-53 (1 of 4), equatorial Atlantic [00°26´N, 6°32´W].
  Paralectotype(s) SMF; ZMB 11750-53 (3 of 4).

  Subsequent designation references:

  Johnson, R.K. 1974. A revision of the alepisauroid family Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-249 figs 1-60 [155].

Generic Combinations

• Scopelarchus analis (Brauer, 1902). —
  Johnson, R.K. 1974. A revision of the alepisauroid family Scopelarchidae (Pisces : Myctophiformes). Fieldiana Zoology 66: 1-249 figs 1-60 [154] (changed combination cited)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Broken Bay (33º28´S) to off Sydney (33º53´S), NSW, and off Albany, WA (36ºS); tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Southern Province (8)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp.

Paxton, J.R. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 488-489 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [489]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 566-574 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [573]

Common Name References

Fishbase 2004. Fishbase at. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary. (Fishbase) (Short Fin Pearleye)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Shortfin Pearleye)

History of changes

• Scopelarchus guentheri Alcock, A.W. 1896. Natural history notes from H.M. Indian marine survey steamer Investigator, Series 2(2). A supplemental list of the marine fishes of India with descriptions of two new genera and eight new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 65(2,3): 301-338 [307] [as Scopelarchus Guentheri].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZSI F 63/1, off India [22°14´N, 67°09´E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off central WA (23ºS) and off Nowra, NSW; tropical, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [235]

Paxton, J.R. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Family Scopelarchidae. pp. 488-489 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [489]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Fishbase) (Staring Pearleye)

History of changes

Introduction

Worldwide, the Paralepididae comprise about 59 species in 13 genera (Post 1972, 1990; Nelson 2006). In Australian waters, 14 described species in nine genera have been recorded and an additional genus and species from Heard Island. In addition, an unidentified species of Lestidiops has been collected from the Northwest Shelf, Western Australia. Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868) has been shown to be separate from M. prionosa and Australian records of this genus have been based on M. prionosa. However, M. atlantica does occur on the Tasman Rise just outside of the area covered by this work and is likely to occur in Australian waters. Anotopterus is placed here following Baldwin & Johnson (1996). Relationships of Anotopterus were also discussed by Johnson (1982).

Barracudinas are found in the epipelagic and mesopelagic waters of all oceans; some adults are apparently benthopelagic in slope waters. Fishes and crustaceans are recorded food items. They are characterised by having a slender, elongate body, a posterior anal fin, an elongate snout and fang-like teeth. Maximum size is 1 m in length.

The Paralepididae are in need of revision. Harry (1953a, 1953b) reviewed the North Pacific species and Rofen (1966) reviewed the genera and revised the western North Atlantic species. Post (1972, 1990) provided a catalogue of the types and species synonymies. Post (1986) also treated several species found in Australian waters, and he (1987) revised the subfamily Paralepidinae. Rofen (1966) regarded Anotopterus as monotypic, but the genus was recently revised by Kukuev (1998), who recognised three species. Paxton & Niem (1999) provided details of the family, but separated Anotopterus into its own family. More recently Davis (2010) separated the family into two distinct families the Paralepedidae and Alepisauridae.

A. Post of Institut für Seefischerei, Hamburg, kindly reviewed this family account.

General References

Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson, G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. pp. 355-404 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Davis, M.P. 2010. Evolutionary relationships of the Aulopiformes (Euteleostei: Cyclosquamata): a molecular and total evidence approach. pp. 431-470 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Harry, R.R. 1953a. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae. 1. Survey of the genera. Pacific Science 7(2): 219-249 figs 1-22

Harry, R.R. 1953b. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae (order Iniomi). 2. A revision of the North Pacific species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 105: 169-230 figs 1-28

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Kukuev, E.I. 1998. Systematics and distribution in the world ocean of daggertooth fishes of the genus Anotopterus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes). Journal of Ichthyology 38(9): 716-729 [original article in Russian in Voprosky ikhtiologii 38(6): 745–759]

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068.

Post, A. 1972. Catalogue of type-specimens and designation of lectotypes of the fish-family Paralepididae (Osteichthyes, Myctophoidei). Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 23(2): 136-165

Post, A. 1986. Family Paralepididae. pp. 274-278 in Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg : Macmillan South Africa xx + 1047 pp. 144 pls.

Post, A. 1987. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LXVII. Revision of the subfamily Paralepidinae (Pisces, Aulopiformes, Alepisauroidei, Paralepididae). I. Taxonomy, morphology and geographical distribution. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 38(1/2): 75-131

Post, A. 1990. Families Paralepididae, Sudidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Anotopteridae. pp. 373-389 in Quéro, J.-C., Hureau, J.-C., Karrer, C., Post, A. & Saldanha, L. (eds). Check-list of the Fishes of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic. Paris : UNESCO 1492 pp., 3 vols.

Rofen, R.R. 1966. Family Paralepididae. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(5): 205-461 figs 55-162

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [271] (Barracudinas)

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1948] (Barracudinas)

History of changes

• Anotopterus Zugmayer, E. 1911. Diagnoses des poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse Alice (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 193: 1-14 [13].

  Type species:

   Anotopterus pharao Zugmayer, 1911 by monotypy.

Introduction

The genus is sometimes placed in the family Anotopteridae (Kukuev 1998) or in the Paralepididae (Nelson 2006). Davis (2010) placed the genus in the family Alepisauridae. Kukuev (1998) separated Anotopterus into three species, A. nikparini from the North Pacific, A. pharao from the North Atlantic and the southern circumglobal A. vorax. However, workers in Australia have generally retained the name A. pharao for the Australian and New Zealand specimens, but there is some suggestion that two species are found in southern waters. The names used here are tentative and further work is needed to clarify the species identities (Stewart 2015).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Central Eastern Province (12), Macquarie Island Province (24), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

General References

Davis, M.P. 2010. Evolutionary relationships of the Aulopiformes (Euteleostei: Cyclosquamata): a molecular and total evidence approach. pp. 431-470 in Nelson, J.S., Schultze, H.-P. & Wilson, M.V.H. Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. München, Germany : Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil 480 pp.

Kukuev, E.I. 1998. Systematics and distribution in the world ocean of daggertooth fishes of the genus Anotopterus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes). Journal of Ichthyology 38(9): 716-729 [original article in Russian in Voprosky ikhtiologii 38(6): 745–759]

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp.

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152.

History of changes

• Anotopterus pharao Zugmayer, E. 1911. Diagnoses des poissons nouveaux provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse Alice (1901 à 1910). Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 193: 1-14 [13].

  Type data:

   Holotype MOM 0091-1154, eastern Atlantic [36°64'30"N, 11°49'W].

Introduction

Kukuev (1998) separated Anotopterus into three species, A. nikparini from the North Pacific, A. pharao from the North Atlantic and the southern circumglobal A. vorax. However, workers in Australia have generally retained the name A. pharao for the Australian and New Zealand specimens, but there is some suggestion that two species are found in southern waters. The names used here are tentative and further work is needed to clarify the species identities (Stewart 2015).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Based on specimens in CSIRO and NMV from off Nowra, NSW (34°57'E) and off southeast TAS (43°55'S); temperate, antitropical, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, mesopelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

675–2250 m.

General References

Kukuev, E.I. 1998. Systematics and distribution in the world ocean of daggertooth fishes of the genus Anotopterus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes). Journal of Ichthyology 38(9): 716-729 [original article in Russian in Voprosky ikhtiologii 38(6): 745–759] [751]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [596]

History of changes

• Eugnathosaurus vorax Regan, C.T. 1913. The Antarctic fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 49(2): 229-292 figs 1-6 pls 1-11 [234, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMSZ 1921.143.325, off Coats Land, Antarctica [71°22´S, 16°34´W].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1912.7.1.67.

Generic Combinations

• Anotopterus vorax (Regan, 1913). —
  Kukuev, E.I. 1998. Systematics and distribution in the world ocean of daggertooth fishes of the genus Anotopterus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes). Journal of Ichthyology 38(9): 716-729 [original article in Russian in Voprosky ikhtiologii 38(6): 745–759] [747] (changed combination with recognition of species; previously regarded as a junior synonym of A. pharao)

Introduction

Kukuev (1998) separated Anotopterus into three species, A. nikparini from the North Pacific, A. pharao from the North Atlantic and the southern circumglobal A. vorax. However, workers in Australia have generally retained the name A. pharao for the Australian and New Zealand specimens, but there is some suggestion that two species are found in southern waters. The names used here are tentative and further work is needed to clarify the species identities (Stewart 2015).

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Temperate, southern circumglobal.

IMCRA

Macquarie Island Province (24), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic.

General References

Kukuev, E.I. 1998. Systematics and distribution in the world ocean of daggertooth fishes of the genus Anotopterus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes). Journal of Ichthyology 38(9): 716-729 [original article in Russian in Voprosky ikhtiologii 38(6): 745–759] [718]

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [491]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [596]

Common Name References

Kukuev, E.I. 1998. Systematics and distribution in the world ocean of daggertooth fishes of the genus Anotopterus (Anotopteridae, Aulopiformes). Journal of Ichthyology 38(9): 716-729 [original article in Russian in Voprosky ikhtiologii 38(6): 745–759] [718] (South Ocean Daggertooth)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Southern Daggertooth)

History of changes

• Arctozenus Gill, T.N. 1864. Note on the paralepidoids and microstomatoids, and on some peculiarities of Arctic ichthyology. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 16: 187-189 [188].

  Type species:

   Paralepis borealis Reinhardt, 1832 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

History of changes

• Paralepis risso Bonaparte, C.L.P. 1840. Iconografia della Fauna Italica, per le quattro Classi degli Animali Vertebrati. Pesci. Vol 3 Fasc. 27–29. Roma : Salviucci 135-154 pp., 18 pls. [not seen for publication date Salvatori, T. 1888. Le date della publicazione della "Iconographia della Fauna Italica" del Bonaparte ed Indice delle specie illustrate in detta opera. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino 3(48): 1–25 [13]] [152, pl. 124(fig. 2)] [as Paralepis Risso].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown, off Italy.

Generic Combinations

• Arctozenus risso (Bonaparte, 1840). —
  Post, A. 1987. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LXVII. Revision of the subfamily Paralepidinae (Pisces, Aulopiformes, Alepisauroidei, Paralepididae). I. Taxonomy, morphology and geographical distribution. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 38(1/2): 75-131 [80] (as Arctozenus rissoi)
• Notolepis risso (Bonaparte, 1840). —
  Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [247] (changed combination cited)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Arctozenus rissoi (Bonaparte, 1840). —
  Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1949] (misspelling of species name)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off Tuggerah Lake (33º20´S) to off Sydney (34º07´S), NSW, also from Norfolk Ridge, just south of the Norfolk Island Province; tropical, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Duhamel, G., Hulley, P.-A., Causse, R., Koubbi, P., Vacchi, M., Pruvost, P., Vigetta, S., Irisson, J.-O., Mormède, S., Belchier, M., Dettai, A., Detrich, H.W., Gutt, J., Jones, C.D., Kock, K.-H., Lopez Abellan, L.J. & Van de Putte, A.P. 2014. Chapter 7. Biogeographic Patterns of Fish. pp. 328-362 in De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H.J., Raymond, B., Udekem d'Acoz, C., Van de Putte, A.P., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A. & Ropert-Coudert, Y. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Cambridge : Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 498 pp.

Post, A. 1987. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LXVII. Revision of the subfamily Paralepidinae (Pisces, Aulopiformes, Alepisauroidei, Paralepididae). I. Taxonomy, morphology and geographical distribution. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 38(1/2): 75-131 [79]

Post, A. 1990. Paralepididae. pp. 138-141 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [138]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (434, as Paralepis risso)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Fishbase) (Ribbon Barracudina)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [584] (Quarrel Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestidiops Hubbs, C.L. 1916. Notes on the marine fishes of California. University of California Publications in Zoology 16(13): 153-169 pls 18-20 [154].

  Type species:

   Lestidiops sphyraenopsis Hubbs, 1916 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

History of changes

• Lestidium indopacificum Ege, V. 1953. Paralepididae I (Paralepis and Lestidium). Taxonomy, ontogeny, phylogeny and distribution. Dana Reports 40: 1-184 figs 1-33 [120, figs 26, 30-31].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC P.2329237, off India [01°45´N, 73°03´E].
  Paratype(s) ZMUC P.2331008-22.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Lestidiops indopacifica (Ege, 1953) [mispelling of species name as genus is apparently masculine]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [492]
• Lestidiops pacifica (Parr, 1931) [misidentification]. —
  Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Paralepididae, Alepisauridae. pp. 271-275 figs 242-245 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [271]

Introduction

The group is in need of revision and the names used here are tentative. The two species from Australia have been confused and previous identifications are uncertain. Most records are based on juveniles with only two known adult specimens reported by Ho & Lin (2023) and records of this species from Australia could well represent another species.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off northern NSW, eastern and southern TAS and SA; tropical, temperate, Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Paralepididae, Alepisauridae. pp. 271-275 figs 242-245 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [271] (as Lestidiops pacifica)

Ho, H.-C. & Lin, T.-Y. 2023. Adult morphology and redescription of Lestidiops indopacificus (Ege, 1953), with comments on the features of related species (Teleostei, Aulopiformes, Paralepididae). ZooKeys 1160: 109-124

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [492]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [246]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (436)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Indo-Pacific Barracudina)

History of changes

• Sudis jayakari Boulenger, G.A. 1889. Second account of the fishes obtained by Surgeon Major A.S.G. Jayakar at Muscat, east coast of Arabia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1889(2): 236-246 pls 25-28 [241, fig.].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1889.4.15.60, Muscat, Gulf of Oman.
• Paralepis pseudosphyraenoides danae Ege, V. 1930. Contributions to the knowledge of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean species of the genus Paralepis Cuv. A systematical and biological investigation. Report on the Danish Oceanographic Expedition 1908-1910 to the Mediterranean and Adjacent Seas 2A(13): 1-201 [79, fig. 19].

  Type data:

   Lectotype ZMUC P.2322674, Atlantic Ocean off north-west Africa [25°07'N, 19°20'W].
  Paralectotype(s) ZMUC P.2323811; ZMUC P.2323816; ZMUC P.2323841-42.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Post, A. 1972. Catalogue of type-specimens and designation of lectotypes of the fish-family Paralepididae (Osteichthyes, Myctophoidei). Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 23(2): 136-165 [143].
• Paralepis pacificus Parr, A.E. 1931. Deepsea fishes from off the western coast of North and Central America with keys to the genera Stomias, Diplophos, Melamphaes and Bregmaceros, and a revision of the macropterus group of the genus Lampanyctus. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 2(4): 1-53 figs 1-18 [19, figs 6-7].

  Type data:

   Holotype YPM 2654, off Pacific coast of Mexico [20°48'15"N, 106°11'50"W].
  Paratype(s) YPM 2655.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Post, A. 1990. Families Paralepididae, Sudidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Anotopteridae. pp. 373-389 in Quéro, J.-C., Hureau, J.-C., Karrer, C., Post, A. & Saldanha, L. (eds). Check-list of the Fishes of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic. Paris : UNESCO 1492 pp., 3 vols. [375]

Generic Combinations

• Lestidium pseudosphyraenoides danae (Ege, 1930). —
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (changed combination cited)
• Lestidiops jayakari (Boulenger, 1889). —
  Post, A. 1986. Family Paralepididae. pp. 274-278 in Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg : Macmillan South Africa xx + 1047 pp. 144 pls. [275] (changed combination cited)

Introduction

The group is in need of revision and the names used here are tentative. The two species from Australia have been confused and previous identifications are uncertain.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Off northern NSW to TAS; tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs. (as Lestidiops pacifica)

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [492]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [246]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [585]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (435)

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [271] (Pacific Barracudina)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Pacific Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestidiops mirabilis Ege, V. 1933. On some new fishes of the families Sudidae and Stomiatidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 94: 223-236 [228].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC (lost), Dana station 3683, Sulawesi Sea, western Pacific [4°03'N, 123°26'E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Based on a specimen in the Australian Museum, recorded by Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola (1984) south of Java so possibly also off NW Australia: tropical, Indo-Pacific (possibly circumglobal)

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

Distribution References

General References

Ho, H.-C. and Huang, C.-H. 2022. First adult record of the barracudina Lestidiops extremus (Ege, 1953), based on a specimen from the Philippines (Teleostei: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5195: 579-584 [580] (Comparative material)

Common Name References

Ho, H.-C. & Lin, T.-Y. 2023. Adult morphology and redescription of Lestidiops indopacificus (Ege, 1953), with comments on the features of related species (Teleostei, Aulopiformes, Paralepididae). ZooKeys 1160: 109-124 [118] (Strange Pike Smelt)

History of changes

• Lestidium Gilbert, C.H. 1905. The deep-sea fishes. In, Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23(2): 575-713 figs 230-276 pls 66-101 [607].

  Type species:

   Lestidium nudum Gilbert, 1905 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Central Eastern Transition (15), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Lestidium atlanticum Borodin, N.A. 1928. Scientific results of the yacht Ara expedition during the years 1926 to 1928, while in command of William K. Vanderbilt. Fishes. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Oceanographic Museum 1(1): 1-37 pls 1-5 [10, pl. 1(2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH (holotype formerly VMM 36), Jamaica.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Shark Bay (26°57'S, 112°22'E) to off Port Hedland (17°59'S, 118°17'E), WA and east of Townsville (18°01'S, 147°07'E), QLD; tropical, Atlantic Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Northeast Transition (19), Northwest Transition (3), Central Western Province (6)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [492]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [247]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (347)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Fishbase, Papua New Guinea) (Atlantic Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestidium longilucifer Ho, H.-C., Graham, K. & Russell, B. 2020. Three new species of the barracudina genus Lestidium (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4767(1): 71-88 [72].
  Zoobank Registration Number:2F042E11-D699-435A-9BFA-E0D36D895473

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.22821-063 260 mm SL (demersal trawl, 298–320 m, RV Soela, 10–11 Apr. 1982, coll. J. Paxton & M. McGrouther), 190 km northwest of Port Hedland, North West Shelf, WA [18°16’S, 118°12’E].
  Paratype(s) AMS I.22809-045 2: 214‒242 mm SL, North West Shelf, 250 km NW of Port Headland, WA [18°40’S, 116°42’E]; AMS I.22817-022 2, 279‒292 mm SL, North West Shelf, WA [18°06’S, 117°45’E]; AMS I.22821-023 6, 231‒259 mm SL, same data as Holotype; AMS I.31175-002 1, 219 mm SL, off Shark Bay, WA [26°57’S, 112°22’E]; CSIRO H2094-01 1, 258 mm SL, NE of Mermaid Reef, Rowley Shoals, WA [16°59’S, 120°15’E]; CSIRO H3040-05 1, 225 mm SL, SW of Shark Bay, WA [26°59’S, 112°38’E]; CSIRO H3154-36, H3154-37 3, 246‒265, SW of Imperieuse Reef, WA [18°07’S, 118°08’E]; NMMBP 25561, 26017, 27928 3, 183-205 mm SL, off Dong-gang, Pingtung, Southwestern Taiwan; NTM 12607-007 1, 243 mm SL, off Rowley Shoals, Northwest Shelf, WA [17°51’S, 118°30’E].

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Lestidium atlanticum non Borodin, 1928 [a misidentification]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [247]
  Hutchins, J.B. 2001. Checklist of the fishes of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 63: 9-50 [21]
  Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [492]
  Larson, H.K., Williams, R.S. & Hammer, M.P. 2013. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Northern Territory, Australia. Zootaxa 3696(1): 1-293 [48]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from the type series collected from north-western Australia and southern Taiwan; tropical, east Indo-west Pacific (Taiwan)

IMCRA

Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Common Name References

Ho, H.-C., Graham, K. & Russell, B. 2020. Three new species of the barracudina genus Lestidium (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4767(1): 71-88 [72] (Long Light-organ Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestidium nigrirostrum Ho, H.-C., Graham, K. & Russell, B. 2020. Three new species of the barracudina genus Lestidium (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4767(1): 71-88 [78].
  Zoobank Registration Number:5C95A762-A737-46ED-984B-169E5F5400E1

  Type data:

   Holotype CSIRO H1159-16 316 mm SL, Marian Plateau, ENE of Townsville, QLD [17°30.1’S, 150°41.2’E,].
  Paratype(s) CSIRO H616-27 to CSIRO H616-31 5, 313-325 mm SL, northeast of Whitsunday group, Marian Plateau, QLD [19°0.7’S, 150°41.2’E]; AMS I.19202-004 6, 242‒264 mm SL, 50 km SE of Newcastle, NSW [33°11’S, 152°20’E]; AMS I.25825-001 1, 324 mm SL, 120 km N of Townsville, QLD [18°00’S, 147°06’E]; AMS I.25836-003 1, 308 mm SL, 125 km N of Townsville, QLD [17°59’S, 147°07’E]; AMS I.26393-002 5, 218‒245 mm SL, 70 km ENE of Sydney, NSW [33°44’S, 151°52’E]; AMS I.27594-009 1, 216 mm SL, near Gascoyne Seamount, Tasman Sea [36°38’S, 156°11’E]; AMS I.40005-001 1, 338 mm SL, 15 km E of Montague Island, NSW [36°12’S, 150°24’E]; NMV A.7122 1, 195 mm SL, Broken Bay, New South Wales [33°43’S, 151°52’E]; NMV A.7661 1, 203 mm SL, off Wollongong, Tasman Sea, NSW [34°27’S, 151°18’E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Tasman Sea off eastern Australia, from the Coral Sea off central QLD to Bass Strait, TAS, possibly also from North West Shelf, WA

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Central Eastern Transition (15), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Common Name References

Ho, H.-C., Graham, K. & Russell, B. 2020. Three new species of the barracudina genus Lestidium (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 4767(1): 71-88 [78] (Australian Robust Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestidium nudum Gilbert, C.H. 1905. The deep-sea fishes. In, Jordan, D.S. & Evermann, B.W. The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23(2): 575-713 figs 230-276 pls 66-101 [607, fig. 236].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 51615, Pailolo Channel between Molokai and Maui, Hawaii.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

West of Cape Leveque, WA (16º27'N, 120º24'E) to off Melville Island, NT (129º23'E) and off Coffs Harbour (29º49´S) to E of Dalmeny, NSW (36º09´S); temperate, east-Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [492]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp.

Common Name References

Fishbase 2004. Fishbase at. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary. (Fishbase) (Deep Water Pike Smelt)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Papua New Guinea) (Naked Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestrolepis Harry, R.R. 1953. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae. 1. Survey of the genera. Pacific Science 7(2): 219-249 figs 1-22 [240] [proposed as a subgenus of Lestidium Gilbert, 1905].

  Type species:

   Paralepis philippinus Fowler, 1934 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Central Western Province (6)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Lestidium japonicum Tanaka, S. 1908. Descriptions of eight new species of fishes from Japan. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 7(1): 27-47 figs 1-2 [27].

  Type data:

   Holotype FUMT 2013, Sagami Bay, Japan.
  Paratype(s) FUMT 2014.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

West of Green Head, WA (30°01'S) to east of Arafura Sea, NT (133°25'E); tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Central Western Province (6)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [493]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [247]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Japanese Barracudina)

History of changes

• Lestidium pofi Harry, R.R. 1953. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae (order Iniomi). 2. A revision of the North Pacific species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 105: 169-230 figs 1-28 [189].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 163316 130.3 mm SL, at the surface in the littoral waters of Christmas [Kiritimati] Island, Line Islands [Kiribati].
  Paratype(s) CAS(SU) 18632 126.2 mm SL, same data as holotype.

  Secondary source:

   Ho, H.-C. and Golani, D. 2019. A new species of Lestrolepis from the Red Sea, with redescription of Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953) (Aulopiformes: Parelepididae). Zootaxa 4619(3): 571-579 [572] (re-description).

Generic Combinations

• Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953). —
  Rofen, R.R. 1960. Biological results of the Snellius expedition XIX Reidentification of the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae collected by the Snellius Expedition in the East Indies. Temminckia 10: 200-208 [201] (new combination)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Lestrolepis luetkeni (not of Ege). —
  Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1949]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Coral Sea, off QLD; tropical, Indo-Pacific

IMCRA

Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Ho, H.-C. and Golani, D. 2019. A new species of Lestrolepis from the Red Sea, with redescription of Lestrolepis pofi (Harry, 1953) (Aulopiformes: Parelepididae). Zootaxa 4619(3): 571-579

History of changes

• Macroparalepis Burton, M. 1934. Pisces section for 1933. Zoological Records 70: 1-63 [15].

  Type species:

   Macroparalepis danae Ege, 1933 by original designation.
• Macroparalepis Ege, V. 1933. On some new fishes of the families Sudidae and Stomiatidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 94: 223-236 [229] [technically this name is not available as no type species was designated, which is a requirement after 1930 under the Code of Zoological Nomenclature Article 13b; see Eschmeyer, W.N. 1998. Catalog of Fishes. San Francisco : California Academy of Sciences pp. 3 vols 2905. [2855, Appendix A] for discussion of this complicated issue; authorship may belong to Harry, 1953].

  Type species:

   Macroparalepis affinis Ege, 1933 by subsequent designation, see Harry, R.R. 1953. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae. 1. Survey of the genera. Pacific Science 7(2): 219-249 figs 1-22 [240].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

History of changes

• Macroparalepis macrogeneion Post, A. 1973. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen des FFS Walther Herwig nach Südamerika, XXVII. Macroparalepis Ege, 1933 (Osteichthyes, Myctophoidei, Paralepididae), Revision der Gattung und Beschreibung zweier neuuer Arten. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 23(3): 202-242 figs 1-6 [218, fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Holotype ISH 896/71a, South Atlantic [39°53´S, 21°44´W].
  Paratype(s) ISH 494/71; ISH 653/71; ISH 896/71b; ISH 1489/71.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Tasman Sea off Sydney, NSW to southern WA; temperate, southern circumglobal

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Paralepididae, Alepisauridae. pp. 271-275 figs 242-245 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [272]

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Paralepedidae. pp. 267-268 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [268]

Last, P.R., Scott, E.O.G. & Talbot, F.H. 1983. Fishes of Tasmania. Hobart : Tasmanian Fisheries Development Authority 563 pp. figs.

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [493]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [247]

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [272] (Longfin Barracudina)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Longfin Barracudina)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [590] (Headband Barracudina)

History of changes

• Magnisudis Harry, R.R. 1953. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae. 1. Survey of the genera. Pacific Science 7(2): 219-249 figs 1-22 [234].

  Type species:

   Magnisudis barysoma Harry, 1953 by original designation.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

PARALEPIDIDAE: Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868) [based on re-identification of Australian material] — Paxton, J.R. in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. 2006. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35. ABRS & CSIRO Publishing : Australia Part 1, pp. xxiv 1-670; Part 2, pp. xxi 671-1472; Part 3, pp. xxi 1473-2178. [493]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Macquarie Island Province (24), West Tasmania Transition (9)

History of changes

• Paralepis atlantica prionosa Rofen, R.R. 1963. Diagnoses of new genera and species of alepisauroid fishes of the family Paralepididae. Oecologia Aquatica 2: 1-7 fig. 1 [1].

  Type data:

   Holotype CAS(SU) 55091, Antarctic.
  Paratype(s) CAS(SU) 55092; USNM 158667.

Generic Combinations

• Paralepis prionosa Rofen, 1963. —
  Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (elevated to species status)
• Magnisudis prionosa (Rofen, 1963). —
  Post, A. 1986. Family Paralepididae. pp. 274-278 in Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg : Macmillan South Africa xx + 1047 pp. 144 pls. [276] (changed combination cited)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868) [misidentification].
• Paralepis atlantica Krøyer, 1868 [misidentification; authors considered prionosa to be a junior synonym of M. atlantica, which is now regarded as a different species]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [147]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Off Nowra, NSW (34º55'S) to south of Port MacDonnell, SA (140º53'E) including TAS, also off Macquarie Island; temperate, southern circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Macquarie Island Province (24), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, mesopelagic.

General References

Duhamel, G., Hulley, P.-A., Causse, R., Koubbi, P., Vacchi, M., Pruvost, P., Vigetta, S., Irisson, J.-O., Mormède, S., Belchier, M., Dettai, A., Detrich, H.W., Gutt, J., Jones, C.D., Kock, K.-H., Lopez Abellan, L.J. & Van de Putte, A.P. 2014. Chapter 7. Biogeographic Patterns of Fish. pp. 328-362 in De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H.J., Raymond, B., Udekem d'Acoz, C., Van de Putte, A.P., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A. & Ropert-Coudert, Y. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Cambridge : Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 498 pp.

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [493]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [147] (as Paraliparis atlantica)

Post, A. 1987. Results of the research cruises of FRV "Walther Herwig" to South America. LXVII. Revision of the subfamily Paralepidinae (Pisces, Aulopiformes, Alepisauroidei, Paralepididae). I. Taxonomy, morphology and geographical distribution. Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 38(1/2): 75-131 [88]

Post, A. 1990. Paralepididae. pp. 138-141 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [139]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (433, as Paralepis prionosa)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Fishbase) (Duckbill Barracudina)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [591] (Giant Barracudina)

History of changes

• Notolepis Dollo, L. 1908. Notolepis coatsi, poisson pélagique nouveau recueilli par l'expédition Antarctique Nationale Écossaise. Note préliminaire. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 28: 58-65 [60].

  Type species:

   Notolepis coatsorum Dollo, 1908 (as Notolepis coatsi) by monotypy.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Southern circumglobal

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Distribution References

History of changes

• Notolepis coatsi Dollo, L. 1908. Notolepis coatsi, poisson pélagique nouveau recueilli par l'expédition Antarctique Nationale Écossaise. Note préliminaire. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 28: 58-65 [60].
• Notolepis coatsorum Eschmeyer, W.N. 2014. Catalog of Fishes. Online version updated 19 May 2014. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp [emendation; stated derivation after two brothers named Coats and orum is apparently the correct ending for men, but it is unclear if this would require a manditory change in the name.].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Temperate, southern circumglobal

Other Regions

Heard & McDonald Islands (Aust. Terr.)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic.

General References

Duhamel, G., Hulley, P.-A., Causse, R., Koubbi, P., Vacchi, M., Pruvost, P., Vigetta, S., Irisson, J.-O., Mormède, S., Belchier, M., Dettai, A., Detrich, H.W., Gutt, J., Jones, C.D., Kock, K.-H., Lopez Abellan, L.J. & Van de Putte, A.P. 2014. Chapter 7. Biogeographic Patterns of Fish. pp. 328-362 in De Broyer, C., Koubbi, P., Griffiths, H.J., Raymond, B., Udekem d'Acoz, C., Van de Putte, A.P., Danis, B., David, B., Grant, S., Gutt, J., Held, C., Hosie, G., Huettmann, F., Post, A. & Ropert-Coudert, Y. (eds.). Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Cambridge : Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 498 pp.

Miller, R.G. 1993. History and Atlas of the Fishes of the Antarctic Ocean. Carson City, Nevada : Foresta Institute for Ocean and Mountain Studies i-xx + 792 pp.

Post, A. 1990. Paralepididae. pp. 138-141 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [141]

Common Name References

Duhamel, G., Gasco, N. & Davaine, P. 2005. Poissons des îles Kerguelen et Crozet. Patrimoines naturels (M.N.H.N./S.P.N.) 63: 1-419 (Antarctic Jonasfish)

History of changes

• Stemonosudis Harry, R.R. 1951. Deep-sea fishes of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expedition. Family Paralepididae. Zoologica (New York) 36(1): 17-35 figs 1-9 [32].

  Type species:

   Macroparalepis intermedius Ege, 1933 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Southeast Transition (11), Lord Howe Province (14), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Ho, H-C., Russell, B., Graham, K. & Psomadakis, P.N. 2019. Review of the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 4702(1): 216-229

History of changes

• Macroparalepis elegans Ege, V. 1933. On some new fishes of the families Sudidae and Stomiatidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 94: 223-236 [232].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC P.2318733, Tasman Sea, south of Lord Howe Island [33°39´S, 159°E].

Generic Combinations

• Stemonosudis elegans (Ege, 1933). —
  Harry, R.R. 1953. Studies on the bathypelagic fishes of the family Paralepididae. 1. Survey of the genera. Pacific Science 7(2): 219-249 figs 1-22 [231] (changed combination, tentative)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

South of Lord Howe Island; tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [494]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [248]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (439)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Tailspot Barracudina)

History of changes

• Macroparalepis elongatus Ege, V. 1933. On some new fishes of the families Sudidae and Stomiatidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 94: 223-236 [233].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC P2318729 (Dana station 3908), southwest of Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean [4°28'N, 82°13'E].

  Secondary source:

   Ho, H.-C. and Huang, C.-H. 2022. First adult record, redescription and distribution of Stemonosudis elongata (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5189(1): 131-137 (redescription).

Introduction

First described based on a young specimen, re-described and distribution extended by Ho & Huang (2022)

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

NW of Exmouth, WA (20°08'S, 112°56'E), and east of Osprey Reef, Coral Sea, Australia (13°46’, 148°05’)

IMCRA

Northeast Transition (19), Northwest Province (4)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

General References

Ho, H.-C. and Huang, C.-H. 2022. First adult record, redescription and distribution of Stemonosudis elongata (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 5189(1): 131-137

History of changes

• Macroparalepis macrurus Ege, V. 1933. On some new fishes of the families Sudidae and Stomiatidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 94: 223-236 [232] [derivation apparently from the Greek makros = large + oura = tail, treated sometimes as noun or sometimes as an adjective by authors].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC P.2318730, off Indonesia [5°17´S, 97°06´E].

Generic Combinations

• Stemonosudis macrura (Ege, 1933). —
  Post, A. 1986. Family Paralepididae. pp. 274-278 in Smith, M.M. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Smith's Sea Fishes. Johannesburg : Macmillan South Africa xx + 1047 pp. 144 pls. [277] (changed combination cited)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Stemonosudis macrurus (Ege, 1933) [treated species name as noun]. —
  Post, A. 1990. Paralepididae. pp. 138-141 in Gon, O. & Heemstra, P.C. (eds). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. Grahamstown : J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 462 pp. [277]

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

East of Eden, NSW; tropical, Indo-Pacific.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [494]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [248]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (438, as Macroparalepis macrurus)

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Sharpchin Barracudina)

History of changes

• Stemonosudis multifasciatus Ho, H-C., Russell, B., Graham, K. & Psomadakis, P.N. 2019. Review of the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 4702(1): 216-229 [222].

  Type data:

   Holotype NMMBP P30955 (329.5‒332 m, 24 Sep. 2018.), off Myanmar, Andaman Sea, Eastern Indian Ocean [11°01’49.8”N, 96°53’31.8”E].
  Paratype(s) NMMBP P30956‒7 2: 248‒249 mm SL (308‒310 m, 20 Sep. 2018), off Myanmar, Andaman Sea, Eastern Indian Ocean [12°43’16.8”N, 96°45’21.6”E]; NTM S.12288-039 280 mm SL (270‒300 m, 5 Sep. 1987), east of Evans Shoal, Northern Territory, Arafura Sea [9º46’S, 130º14’E]; NTM S.12455-002 254 mm SL (275 m, 7 Jul. 1988), north of Bathurst Island, Northern Territory, Arafura Sea [9º46’S, 130º00’E]; SAIAB 14159 283 mm SL (330 m, 18 Jul. 1980), off Sumatra, Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean [6°29’N, 97°54.4’E]; SAIAB 65701 (320 m, 31 Jul. 1980), Molluca Straits, Indonesia, Andaman Sea, eastern Indian Ocean [6°345’N, 98°00’E,].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

North of Melville Island, NT; tropical, east Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Ecological Descriptors

Continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

270-330 m

Common Name References

Ho, H-C., Russell, B., Graham, K. & Psomadakis, P.N. 2019. Review of the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 4702(1): 216-229 [222] (Multi-blotch Barracudina)

History of changes

• Stemonosudis retrodorsalis Ho, H-C., Russell, B., Graham, K. & Psomadakis, P.N. 2019. Review of the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 4702(1): 216-229 [225].

  Type data:

   Holotype BSKU 15795 151 mm SL (460‒514 m, otter trawl, 10 Jun. 1972), off Tawitawi Island, the Philippines, Sulu Sea [5°40.9’N, 119°46.3’E‒5°43.1’N, 119°47.0’E].
  Paratype(s) BSKU 15794 161 mm SL, same data as holotype; BSKU 15796‒15802 8: 100-142 mm SL, same data as holotype; NMMBP P30958 3: 111-137 mm SL, same data as holotype; BMNH 1981.11.30.1 146.4 mm SL (40‒180 m, midwater trawl, 15 Jul. 1979), southern coast of eastern Java, Indonesia [8°44’S, 114°16’E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

210 km NW of Port Hedland; tropical, east Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Northwest Transition (3)

Ecological Descriptors

Continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

396‒514 m

Common Name References

Ho, H-C., Russell, B., Graham, K. & Psomadakis, P.N. 2019. Review of the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae). Zootaxa 4702(1): 216-229 [225] (Back-fin Barracudina)

History of changes

• Stemonosudis rothschildi Richards, W.J. 1967. Stemonosudis rothschildi, a new paralepidid fish from the central Pacific. California Fisheries and Game 1: 35-39 figs 1-2 [35, figs 1-2].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 199087, off Hawaii [22°47´N, 150°09´E].

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Port Hedland (18º33´S) to off Joseph Bonaparte Gulf (128º48´E), WA and east of Evans Shoal, NT; tropical, Indo-west-central Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [494]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [248]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Rothschild's Barracudina)

History of changes

• Sudis Rafinesque, C.S. 1810. Caratteri di alcuni Nouvi Generi e Nouve Specie di Animali e Piante della Sicilia con varie Osservazioni sopra i Medesimi. Sanfilippo, Palermo. 105, pl. 1-20 [60].

  Type species:

   Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, 1810 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

History of changes

• Sudis hyalina Rafinesque, C.S. 1810. Caratteri di alcuni Nouvi Generi e Nouve Specie di Animali e Piante della Sicilia con varie Osservazioni sopra i Medesimi. Sanfilippo, Palermo. 105, pl. 1-20 [60 pl. 1(2)].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (lost), Sicily, Italy.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Sudis hyalinus Rafinesque, 1810 [treated genus as masculine, but is apparently feminine]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E., Bray, D.J. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paralepididae. pp. 490-494 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [494]

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off Newcastle (33°01´S) to off Nowra, NSW (34°59´S); tropical, circumglobal

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Post, A. 1972. Catalogue of type-specimens and designation of lectotypes of the fish-family Paralepididae (Osteichthyes, Myctophoidei). Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 23(2): 136-165 [159]

History of changes

Introduction

The Evermannellidae were reviewed most recently by Johnson (1982), who recognised seven species in three genera worldwide. Three species in two genera are known from Australian waters. Some species are known from adjacent regions and it is likely that Odontostomops normalops (Parr 1928) and Coccorella atrata (Alcock 1894) will be found in Australia. Swinney (1994) treated some species from the Atlantic. Stewart (2015) treated species from New Zealand.

Sabertooth fishes are mesopelagic in tropical and temperate waters to depths of 1000 m where they feed primarily on fishes and squids. They have dorsally oriented and semi-tubular or tubular eyes (except in Odontostomops normalops), a dorsal adipose fin and long and fang-like teeth. Maximum length is 18.5 cm.

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152.

Swinney, G.N. 1994. Comments on the Atlantic species of the genus Evermannella (Scopelomorpha, Aulopiformes, Evermannellidae) with a re-evaluation of the status of Evermannella melanoderma. Journal of Fish Biology 44(5): 809-819

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1951] (FAO) (Sabertooth Fishes)

History of changes

• Coccorella Roule, L. 1929. Description de poissons abyssaux provenant de l'île Madère et des parages du Maroc. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 546: 1-19 3 figs [11].

  Type species:

   Odontostomus atratus Alcock, 1893 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Southern Province (8)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

History of changes

• Evermannella atrata atlantica Parr, A.E. 1928. Deep sea fishes of the order Iniomi from the waters around the Bahama and Bermuda Islands, with annotated keys to the Sudidae, Myctophidae, Scopelarchidae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Cetomimidae and Rondeletiidae of the world. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 3(3): 1-193 figs 1-43 [166, fig. 40a].

  Type data:

   Lectotype YPM 2141, Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas, western North Atlantic [23°58´N, 77°26´W].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1930.12.31.3; YPM 2145.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74 [117].

Generic Combinations

• Coccorella atlantica (Parr, 1928). —
  Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74 [117] (changed combination cited)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

South-west of Scott Reef, WA, east of Cape York (12°35'S, 144°25'E) to south-east of Osprey Reef, QLD, off Broken Bay (32º28´S) to off southern TAS and off SA; tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Southern Province (8)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Evermannellidae. pp. 495-496 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [495]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [249]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [598]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Fishbase) (Atlantic Sabretooth)

History of changes

• Evermannella Fowler, H.W. 1901. Note on the Odontostomidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 53(1): 211-212 [211].

  Type species:

   Odontostomus hyalinus Cocco, 1838 (type as a replacement name) by indication (= Scopelus balbo Risso, 1820).
• Odontostomus Cocco, A. 1838. Su di alcuni Salmonidi del mare di Messina; lettera al Ch. D. Carle Luciano Bonaparte. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali. Bologna 1(2): 161-194 pls 5-8 [192] [a primary homonym of Odontostomus Beck, 1837 in Mollusca].

  Type species:

   Odontostomus hyalinus Cocco, 1838 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Lord Howe Province (14), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Norfolk Island Province (21), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

General References

Johnson, R.K. 1982. Fishes of the families Evermannellidae and Scopelarchidae: systematics, morphology, interrelationships and zoogeography. Fieldiana Zoology ns 12: 1-252 figs 1-74

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152.

History of changes

• Scopelus balbo Risso, A. 1820. Mémoire sur deux nouvelles espèces du genre Scopelus observées dans la mer de Nice. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 25: 262-269 [not seen] [268, pl. 10(3)].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP B.1034, Mediterranean Sea.
• Odontostomus hyalinus Cocco, A. 1838. Su di alcuni Salmonidi del mare di Messina; lettera al Ch. D. Carle Luciano Bonaparte. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali. Bologna 1(2): 161-194 pls 5-8 [192, pl. 8(fig. 11)].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Messina, Italy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Maul, G.E. 1973. Family Omosudidae. 202 in Hureau, J.-C. & Monod, T. (eds). Checklist of the Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). Paris : UNESCO Vol. 1 683 pp. [200]

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off Newcastle (33º09´S) to off Lake Illawarra (34º33´S), NSW, also Lord Howe Rise, Norfolk Ridge, and north of Macquarie Island; temperate, discontinuous (Atlantic, south-west Indian and South Pacific Oceans).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Lord Howe Province (14), Norfolk Island Province (21), Macquarie Island Province (24)

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Evermannellidae. pp. 495-496 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [496]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [249]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [600]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Web 2004. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org/Summary., Fishbase) (Balbo Sabretooth)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [600] (Brown Sabretooth)

History of changes

• Evermannella indica Brauer, A. 1906. Die Tiefsee-Fische. 1. Systematischer Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 15(1): 1-432 figs 1-176 pls 1-18 [135].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMB 17458, off Seychelles, Indian Ocean [3°24'06"S, 58°38'01"E]; whereabouts unknown, nortrh of Cocos (Keeling) Islands [10°08'02"S, 97°14'09"E]; whereabouts unknown, off Zanzibar, Tanzania [5°42'03"S, 43°36'05"E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Coral Sea, QLD (11º40'S-17º40'S) and off Sydney (33º53´S) to off Nowra (35º02'S), NSW; temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic.

General References

Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Evermannellidae. pp. 495-496 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [496]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [249]

Common Name References

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Indian Sabretooth)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [601] (Bronze Sabretooth)

History of changes

Introduction

The family Alepisauridae was reviewed by Gibbs & Wilimovsky (1966) who recognised two species in a single genus Alepisaurus. Francis (1981) recorded both species from the south-west Pacific and both occur in Australian waters. Johnson & Baldwin (1996) also included Omosudis in the Alepisauridae. Omosudis was reviewed by Ege (1958) and Rofen (1966) who recognised a single species in this circumglobal bathypelagic genus. Paxton & Niem (1999) and Stewart (2015) treated Omosudis as belonging to a monotypic family.

Alepisaurids are meso- and bathypelagic fishes found worldwide. They are predators with large canines on the palatine and lower jaw; recorded prey items include fishes, cephalopods, tunicates and crustaceans. Other characteristics include an elongate body, a high, long dorsal fin and no scales or light organs. Maximum size reached is 2.1 m.

General References

Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson, G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. pp. 355-404 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

Ege, V. 1958. Omosudis Günther, bathypelagic genus of fish. Dana Reports 47: 1-19 figs 1-3

Francis, M.P. 1981. Meristic and morphometric variation in the lancet fish Alepisaurus, with notes on the distribution of A. ferox and A. brevirostris. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8(3): 403-408 fig. 1

Gibbs, R.H. & Wilimovsky, N.J. 1966. Family Alepisauridae in Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(5): 482-497 figs 173-176

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068.

Rofen, R.R. 1966. Family Omosudidae. In, Olsen, Y.H. (ed.) Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Memoir. Sears Foundation of Marine Research 1(5): 462-481 figs 163-172

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152.

Common Name References

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1953] (FAO) (Lancetfishes)

Whitley, G.P. 1966. Marine Fishes of Australia. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press Vol. 1 pp. 1-142. [38] (Lancetfishes)

History of changes

• Alepisaurus Lowe, R.T. 1833. A description of Alepisaurus, a new genus of fishes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 104 [104].

  Type species:

   Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, 1833 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Lord Howe Province (14), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Transition (19), Macquarie Island Province (24), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8)

General References

Francis, M.P. 1981. Meristic and morphometric variation in the lancet fish Alepisaurus, with notes on the distribution of A. ferox and A. brevirostris. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8(3): 403-408 fig. 1

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Paralepididae, Alepisauridae. pp. 271-275 figs 242-245 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs.

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152.

History of changes

• Alepisaurus brevirostris Gibbs, R.H. 1960. Alepisaurus brevirostris, a new species of lancetfish from the western North Atlantic. Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 123: 1-14 figs 1-3 [2, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 186197, north-west Atlantic [38°49´N, 64°02´W].
  Paratype(s) ANSP 98566; BMNH 1960.7.12.1; CAS 79535; MCZ 40635; MNHP 1960-0577; SIO 60-164; CAS(SU) 54416; TU 22990; UF 206544; UMMZ 177186.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Southern TAS to off Perth, WA, Macquarie Island, also known from the Kerguelen Islands and probably will be found in nearby Heard & McDonald Islands; tropical, temperate, subantarctic, circumglobal (except North Pacific).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Macquarie Island Province (24), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic.

General References

Bray, D.J. 2008. Family Alepisauridae. pp. 265-266 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [265]

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Paralepididae, Alepisauridae. pp. 271-275 figs 242-245 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [273]

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [273]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [251]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Alepisauridae. pp. 497-498 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [498]

Russell, B.C. 2016. Families Synodontidae, Chlorophthalmidae, Notosudidae, Ipnopidae,Scopelarchidae, Evermannellidae, Alepisauridae, Omosudidae, Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Bathysauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1824-1854 in Carpenter, K.E. & De Angelis, N. (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes). Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1511-2350. [1840]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [603]

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [274] (Shortnose Lancetfish, Shortsnout Lancetfish, Shortsnouted Handsawfish)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Shortnose Lancetfish)

History of changes

• Alepisaurus ferox Lowe, R.T. 1833. A description of Alepisaurus, a new genus of fishes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1: 104 [104].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1852.9.13.98, Madeira.
• Alepisaurus richardsonii Bleeker, P. 1855. Over eenige visschen van Van Diemensland. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen [Verh. Akad. Amsterdam] 2: 1-31 fig. 1 [2, 10] [as Alepisaurus Richardsonii; based on Alepisaurus Richardson, 1844 see Richardson, J. 1844. Ichthyology. pp. 1–16 pls 1–6, 7–8 (parts), 9–10 in Richardson, J. & Gray, J.E. (eds). The Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Erebus and Terror under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., F.R.S., during the years 1839–43. London : E.W. Janson Vol. 2 139 pp.].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH, TAS (as Van Diemen's Land).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Francis, M.P. 1981. Meristic and morphometric variation in the lancet fish Alepisaurus, with notes on the distribution of A. ferox and A. brevirostris. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8(3): 403-408 fig. 1 [403]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

South-east of Eyre (34°04'S, 128°02'E) and Exmouth Plateau, WA (20°55'S, 112°51'E), east of Lizard Island and east of Capricorn Group, Coral Sea, QLD and off Coffs Harbour, NSW (30°18'S, 153°25'E) ) to off southern TAS; tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Lord Howe Province (14), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Transition (19), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Southern Province (8)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic.

General References

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Families Paralepididae, Alepisauridae. pp. 271-275 figs 242-245 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [274]

Hutchins, J.B. & Swainston, R. 1986. Sea Fishes of Southern Australia. Complete field guide for anglers and divers. Perth : Swainston Publishing 180 pp. [32]

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [81]

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [39] (274)

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [251]

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Alepisauridae. pp. 497-498 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [498]

Russell, B.C. 2016. Families Synodontidae, Chlorophthalmidae, Notosudidae, Ipnopidae,Scopelarchidae, Evermannellidae, Alepisauridae, Omosudidae, Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Bathysauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1824-1854 in Carpenter, K.E. & De Angelis, N. (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes). Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1511-2350. [1840]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (454, as Alepisaurus richardsonii)

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [274] (Longnose Lancetfish)

Hutchins, J.B. & Swainston, R. 1986. Sea Fishes of Southern Australia. Complete field guide for anglers and divers. Perth : Swainston Publishing 180 pp. [123] (Lancetfish)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [39] (Lancet Fish)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Longnose Lancetfish)

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [604] (Longsnout Lancetfish)

History of changes

• Omosudis Günther, A. 1887. Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H.M.S Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 22(57): 1-268 figs 1-7 pls 1-66 [201].

  Type species:

   Omosudis lowei Günther, 1887 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Transition (19), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Southern Province (8)

History of changes

• Omosudis lowii Günther, A. 1887. Report on the deep-sea fishes collected by H.M.S Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 22(57): 1-268 figs 1-7 pls 1-66 [201, fig. 6, pl. 52(c, c')] [often mispelled lowei].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1887.12.7.220, south of Philippines; BMNH 1868.5.13.6, Magdalena, Madeira.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Omosudis lowei Günther, 1887 [misspelling of species name]. —
  Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [250]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

South-west of Osprey Reef, Coral Sea, off Newcastel to off Ulladulla (35º28´S), NSW, off Eucla (127º53´E) and off Exmouth and Dampier (116º43´E), WA; tropical, temperate, circumglobal.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Northeast Transition (19), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Southern Province (8)

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, mesopelagic.

General References

Bray, D.J. 2008. Family Alepisauridae. pp. 265-266 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [266]

Gomon, M.F. 1994. Families Notosudidae, Omosudidae. pp. 265-267 figs 237-238 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [266] (as Omosudis lowei)

Maul, G.E. 1973. Family Omosudidae. 202 in Hureau, J.-C. & Monod, T. (eds). Checklist of the Fishes of the North-Eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). Paris : UNESCO Vol. 1 683 pp. [202]

Nielsen, J.G. & Jespersen, A. 1986. Morphometric changes in ripening Omosudis lowei (Pisces, Omosudidae). Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft 37: 59-67

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [250] (as Omosudis lowei)

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F. & Gates, J.E. 2006. Alepisauridae. pp. 497-498 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [498]

Russell, B.C. 2016. Families Synodontidae, Chlorophthalmidae, Notosudidae, Ipnopidae,Scopelarchidae, Evermannellidae, Alepisauridae, Omosudidae, Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Bathysauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1824-1854 in Carpenter, K.E. & De Angelis, N. (eds.). The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Bony Fishes Part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes). Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1511-2350. [1842]

Stewart, A.L. 2015. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae. pp. 581-606 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 3 pp. 577-1152. [606]

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [266] (Hammerjaw)

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Paralepididae, Anotopteridae, Evermannellidae, Omosudidae, Alepisauridae, Giganturidae. pp. 1948-1954 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1952] (FAO) (Omosudid)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Hammerjaw)

History of changes

Introduction

Baldwin & Johnson (1996) defined the suborder Synodontoidei. It contains four families of benthic fishes that occur over soft bottoms on the continental shelf and slope.

General References

Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson, G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. pp. 355-404 in Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. & Johnson, G.D. (eds). Interrelationships of Fishes. San Diego : Academic Press 496 pp.

History of changes

• Pseudotrichonotidae Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. in Masuda, H., Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. 1975. Coastal Fishes of Southern Japan. Tokyo : Tokai University. Press 382 pp. 11 figs 143 pls. [176].

Introduction

The Pseudotrichonotidae contains a single genus Pseudotrichonotus with up to three species. Yoshino & Araga (1975) erected the family for P. altivelis from the Pacific coast of Japan, placing it in the Myctophiformes. Parin (1992) described a second species, P. xanthotaenia, from the Indian Ocean northeast of Madagascar, but found only minor differences between the two species leading some to suggest that they may be conspecific (see Nelson 2006, Nelson et al. 2016). Johnson et al. 1996 studied the osteology and relationships of P. altivelis and moved the family to the Aulopiformes. Gill & Pogonoski (2016) described a third species from off the Western Australia coast.

General References

Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. in Masuda, H., Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. 1975. Coastal Fishes of Southern Japan. Tokyo : Tokai University. Press 382 pp. 11 figs 143 pls. [176]

Gill, A.C. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2016. Pseudotrichonotus belos new species, first record of the fish family Pseudotrichonotidae from Australia (Teleostei: Aulopiformes). Zootaxa 4205(2): 189-193

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp. [216]

Nelson, J.S., Grande, T.C. & Wilson, M.V.H. 2016. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons 5, 752 pp. [269]

Common Name References

Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 601 pp. [216] (Sandiving Lizardfishes)

History of changes

• Pseudotrichonotus Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. in Masuda, H., Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. 1975. Coastal Fishes of Southern Japan. Tokyo : Tokai University. Press 382 pp. 11 figs 143 pls. [176].

  Type species:

   Pseudotrichonotus altivelis Yoshino & Araga, 1975 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29)

History of changes

• Pseudotrichonotus belos Gill, A.C. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2016. Pseudotrichonotus belos new species, first record of the fish family Pseudotrichonotidae from Australia (Teleostei: Aulopiformes). Zootaxa 4205(2): 189-193 [190].
  Zoobank Registration Number:http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B092D4D7-40FB-4773-B4C3-8340CEFC1D23

  Type data:

   Holotype CSIRO H 6406-04 41.2 mm SL, Western Australia, southwest of Exmouth Gulf [22°51’S 113°31’E].
  Paratype(s) CSIRO H 6406-05 29.1 mm SL, same data as Holotype; WAM P.34616-001 23.3 mm SL, Western Australia, west of Shark Bay [25°56’S 112°41’E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known from type locations, west of Shark Bay (25°56’S 112°41’E) to southwest of Exmouth Gulf (22°51’S 113°31’E), WA; tropical

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29)

Common Name References

Gill, A.C. & Pogonoski, J.J. 2016. Pseudotrichonotus belos new species, first record of the fish family Pseudotrichonotidae from Australia (Teleostei: Aulopiformes). Zootaxa 4205(2): 189-193 [190] (Dart Sand-diving Lizardfish)

History of changes

Introduction

The family Paraulopidae was erected by Sato & Nakabo (2002) to accommodate a number of species previously referred to Chlorophthalmus, family Chlorophthalmidae.A single genus, Paraulopus, with 14 described species is recognised. Seven described species and one undescribed species are currently known in Australian waters, with two additional species from off Norfolk Island. Five species have been described in the past decade (Sato & Nakabo 2002; Gomon & Sato 2004; Gomon 2010; Sato et al. 2010).

Paraulopids are found in tropical and temperate waters of the Indo-West Pacific, and the family is particularly diverse in the Australian region. Sato & Nakabo (2003) revised the P. oblongus group. Gomon (2008) treated the two species found off Australia's southern coast, and Sato et al (2010) provided a key to species in the P. nigripinnis group. Gomon (2015) treated some species known from Australia.

General References

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Paraulopidae. pp. 258-259 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp.

Gomon, M. F. 2010. A new species of Paraulopus (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae) from seamounts of the Tasman Sea. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 67: 15-18

Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Two new species of Paraulopus (Osteichthyes: Aulopiformes) from New Zealand and eastern Australia, and comparisons with P. nigripinnis. Species Diversity 7: 393-404

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2003. A revision of the Paraulopus oblongus group (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae) with description of a new species. Ichthyological Research 50(2): 164-177

History of changes

• Paraulopus Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27].

  Type species:

   Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis Günther, 1878 by original designation.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

PARAULOPIDAE: Paraulopus maculatus Kotthaus, 1967 [restricted to Western Indian Ocean] — Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Lord Howe Province (14), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Norfolk Island Province (21), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

History of changes

• Paraulopus balteatus Gomon, M. F. 2010. A new species of Paraulopus (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae) from seamounts of the Tasman Sea. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 67: 15-18 [15, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM I.44606-001, Browns Mount off Botany Bay, Tasman Sea, NSW [34°02'S, 151°39'E].
  Paratype(s) NMNZ P.10455; NMNZ P.35686; NMV A22071.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Off NSW between 30-35°S, and seamounts and rises in the Tasman Sea including off Lord Howe Island; temperate, south-west Pacific (north of New Zealand).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Lord Howe Province (14)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

300-793 m.

Common Name References

Gomon, M. F. 2010. A new species of Paraulopus (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae) from seamounts of the Tasman Sea. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 67: 15-18 [15] (Banded Cucumberfish)

History of changes

• Chlorophthalmus brevirostris Fourmanoir, P. 1981. Résultats des Campagnes Musorstom. 1. Philippines (18-28 mars 1976). Poissons (première liste). Mémoires. Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer. Paris 91: 85-102 [87, fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP 1979-0433 Philippines.

Generic Combinations

• Paraulopus brevirostris (Fourmanoir, 1981). —
  Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27] (changed combination)

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Paraulopus cf. brevirostris. —
  Last, P.R., Pogonoski, J.J., Gledhill, D.C. White, W.T. & Walker, C.J. 2014. The deepwater demersal ichthyofauna of the western Coral Sea. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 191–224 [210] (considered Coral Sea population to be endemic species)
• Chlorophthalmus [sp. 1]. —
  Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. & Kailola, P.J. 1984. Trawled Fishes of Southern Indonesia and Northwest Australia. Jakarta : Dir. Gen. Fish. (Indonesia), German Tech. Coop., Aust. Dev. Ass. Bur. 406 pp. [75, Pl. 74]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

SE of Vulcan Shoal, Timor Sea (12°50´S) to north of Bathurst Island, Arafura Sea, NT (130°10´E) and Coral Sea off QLD (17°21´S - 17°41´S); tropical, east-Indo-west Pacific.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf.

Extra Ecological Information

302-382 m.

General References

Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. & Kailola, P.J. 1984. Trawled Fishes of Southern Indonesia and Northwest Australia. Jakarta : Dir. Gen. Fish. (Indonesia), German Tech. Coop., Aust. Dev. Ass. Bur. 406 pp. [75, Pl. 74] (as Chlorophthalmus sp. 1)

Gomon, M.F., Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paraulopidae. pp. 461-462 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [461]

Paxton, J.R. & Niem, V.H. 1999. Families Aulopidae, Chlorophthalmidae, Ipnopidae, Scopelarchidae, Notosudidae. pp. 1919-1927 in Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (eds). The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. Rome : FAO Vol. 3 pp. 1397-2068. [1922]

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27]

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Two new species of Paraulopus (Osteichthyes: Aulopiformes) from New Zealand and eastern Australia, and comparisons with P. nigripinnis. Species Diversity 7: 393-404 [394]

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2003. A revision of the Paraulopus oblongus group (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae) with description of a new species. Ichthyological Research 50(2): 164-177 [164]

Common Name References

Fishbase 2012. Fishbase. http://www.fishbase.org. (Shortsnout Cucumberfish)

Gomon, M.F., Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paraulopidae. pp. 461-462 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [461] (Shortsnout Cucumberfish)

History of changes

• Paraulopus legandi Fourmanoir, P. & Rivaton, I. 1979. Poissons de la pente récifale externe de Nouvelle-Calédonie et des Nouvelles-Hébrides. Cahiers de l'Indo-Pacifique 1(4): 405-443 [407, fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP 1978-0468, Southwest of Isle of Pines, New Caledonia.

Generic Combinations

• Paraulopus legandi (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979). —
  Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27] (changed combination)

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Off Norfolk Island, based on specimen in NMV; tropical, south-west Pacific (New Caledonia)

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

360-415 m

General References

Fricke, R., Kulbicki, M. & Wantiez, L. 2011. Checklist of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) Neue Serie 4: 341-463 [358]

History of changes

• Paraulopus longianalis Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [255].

  Type data:

   Holotype NSMT -P.63675 (Depth 288 meters), Western Australia, off Steep Point [26°22.7'S, 112°26.9'E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.31185-008 6 specimens; CSIRO H.2547-16; CSIRO H.2567-19; NMV A 1736; NMV A 1806 (5 specimens); NSMT -P.63665-69 (5 specimens); NSMT -P.63670-74 (4 specimens); NSMT -P.63678-79 (3 specimens); NSMT -P.63682-84 (3 specimens); WAM P.29730-014 (10 specimens).

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Chlorophthalmus sp. B. —
  Williams, A., Last, P.R., Gomon, M.F. & Paxton, J.R. 1996. Species composition and checklist of the demersal ichthyofauna of the continental slope off Western Australia (20–35º). Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 135-155 [147]
• Chlorophthalmus sp. —
  Sainsbury, K.J., Kailola, P.J. & Leyland, G.G. 1984. Continental Shelf Fishes of Northern and North-Western Australia. Canberra : Fisheries Information Service 375 pp. figs & pls. [333] (CAAB 37120005)
• Chlorophthalmus maculatus Kotthaus, 1967. —
  Sainsbury, K.J., Kailola, P.J. & Leyland, G.G. 1984. Continental Shelf Fishes of Northern and North-Western Australia. Canberra : Fisheries Information Service 375 pp. figs & pls. [333] (misidentification of species confined to western Indian Ocean)

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Geraldton, WA (28°09'S) to off Port Hedland, WA (18°14'S); tropical.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

150-312 m.

Common Name References

Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [255] (Longfin Cucumberfish)

History of changes

• Paraulopus melanogrammus Gomon, M.F. & Sato, T. 2004. A new cucumberfish (Paraulopidae) of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex from central eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 195-199 [196, figs 1-2].

  Type data:

   Holotype CSIRO H.3644-10 (Depth 303-320 meters), east of Rockingham Bay, QLD [17°59.7´S, 147°07.5´E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.25802-011 (7 specimens); AM I.25803-011 (5 specimens); AM I.25804-006 (3 specimens); CSIRO H.682-05 (2 specimens); CSIRO H.698-12 (5 specimens); CSIRO H.3644-27; CSIRO H.3644-28; CSIRO H.947-22; NMV A 4548 (3 specimens); NMV A.4550 (4 specimens); QM I.21012 (8 specimens); QM I.25578 (4 specimens); QM I.25697 (5 specimens); QM I.27212 (2 specimens).

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Paraulopus [sp. blackline].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

North of Townsville, QLD (17°48'S) to off Newcastle, NSW (32°50'S); subtropical.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

150-606 m.

General References

Gomon, M.F., Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paraulopidae. pp. 461-462 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [461]

Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [257]

History of changes

• Paraulopus melanostomus Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [258].

  Type data:

   Holotype NSMT -P.63657 (Depth 626 meters), Great Australian Bight, South Australia, Australia [33°39.4'S, 131°06.6'E].
  Paratype(s) AM I.31171-007; CSIRO H 2574-02; CSIRO H 2575-08; CSIRO H 2575-21; NMV A 6199; NMV A 9527 8 specimens; NSMT -P.63661; NSMT -P.63653; NSMT -P.63658; NSMT -P.63654; NSMT -P.63655; NSMT -P.63656; NSMT -P.63663; NSMT -P.63664; NTM S.12720-006; WAM P.30221.005 3 specimens.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Paraulopus sp. —
  Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Paraulopidae. pp. 258-259 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [258]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Portland, VIC (141°31'S) to off the west of Freycinet Estuary, WA (26°40'S); temperate.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

410-1030 m.

General References

Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [258]

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Paraulopidae. pp. 258-259 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [258] (Licorice Mouth Cucumberfish)

Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [258] (Licoricemouth Cucumberfish)

History of changes

• Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis Günther, A. 1878. Preliminary notices of deep-sea fishes collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 2(2, 22, 28): 17-28, 179-187, 248-251 [182].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 1887.12.7.207 (Depth 120 fathoms. 2 specimens), off Twofold Bay, NSW.

Generic Combinations

• Paraulopus nigripinnis (Günther, 1878). —
  Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27] (changed combination as type of genus Paraulopus)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Off Cape Hawke, NSW (32°18' S) to west of Dongara, WA (29º15'S, 113°57'E); temperate, south-west Pacific (New Zealand).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, continental shelf, continental slope.

Extra Ecological Information

80-585 m.

General References

Glover, C.J.M. 1994. Family Chlorophthalmidae. pp. 267-268 fig. 239 in Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [268] (as Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis)

Gomon, M.F. 2008. Family Paraulopidae. pp. 258-259 in Gomon, M.F., Bray, D.J. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds). Fishes of Australia's Southern Coast. Sydney : Reed New Holland 928 pp. [259]

Gomon, M.F. 2015. Family Paraulopidae. pp. 534-537 in Roberts, C.D., Stewart, A.L. & Struthers, C.D. The Fishes of New Zealand. Wellington : Te Papa Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-576. [535]

Gomon, M.F., Paxton, J.R., Gates, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 2006. Paraulopidae. pp. 461-462 in Hoese, D.F., Bray, D.J., Paxton, J.R. & Allen, G.R. Fishes. In, Beesley, P.L. & Wells, A. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Volume 35 Australia : ABRS & CSIRO Publishing Parts 1-3, 2178 pp. [462]

Gomon, M.F. & Sato, T. 2004. A new cucumberfish (Paraulopidae) of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex from central eastern Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56: 195-199

McCulloch, A.R. 1929. A check-list of the fishes recorded from Australia. Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5: 1–144 [80] (as Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis)

Munro, I.S.R. 1961. Handbook of Australian fishes. Nos 1–42. Australian Fisheries Newsletter 15–17, 19, 20: 1-172 [published as separates 1956–1961] [37] (262, as Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis)

Paxton, J.R., Hoese, D.F., Allen, G.R. & Hanley, J.E. (eds) 1989. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Pisces: Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 7 665 pp. [232]

Sato, T., Gomon, M.F. & Nakabo, T. 2010. Two new Australian species of the Paraulopus nigripinnis complex (Aulopiformes: Paraulopidae). Ichthyological Research 57(3): 254-262 [57]

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Paraulopidae and Paraulopus, a new family and genus of aulopiform fishes with revised relationships within the order. Ichthyological Research 49: 25-46 [27]

Sato, T. & Nakabo, T. 2002. Two new species of Paraulopus (Osteichthyes: Aulopiformes) from New Zealand and eastern Australia, and comparisons with P. nigripinnis. Species Diversity 7: 393-404 [394]

Whitley, G.P. 1964. A survey of Australian Ichthyology. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 89(1): 11-127 [37] (432, as Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis)

Common Name References

Gomon, M.F., Glover, C.J.M. & Kuiter, R.H. (eds) 1994. The Fishes of Australia's South Coast. Adelaide : State Printer 992 pp. 810 figs. [268] (Cucumber Fish, Greeneyes)

Seafood Services Australia 2008. Australian Fish Names Standard. http://www.fishnames.com.au/. (Blacktip Cucumberfish)