Species Siphanta patruelis (Stål, 1859)

Siphanta patruelis (Stål), typical form

© Copyright Murray Fletcher, Orange Agricultural Institute.

Siphanta patruelis (Stål), form "toga" with oblique pale stripe

© Copyright Murray Fletcher, Orange Agricultural Institute.

Siphanta patruelis (Stål), form "maculata" with brown patches

© Copyright Murray Fletcher, Orange Agricultural Institute.

Siphanta patruelis (Stål), form "infumata" with brown tegmen

© Copyright Murray Fletcher, Orange Agricultural Institute.

Siphanta patruelis (Stål), form "drysdalensis" with white stripes

© Copyright Murray Fletcher, Orange Agricultural Institute.

Museums

Regional Maps

• Phyllyphanta patruelis Stål, C. 1859. Hemiptera. Species novas descripsit. Kongliga Svenska fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring jorden under befäl af C.A. Virgin åren 1851-1853 (Zoologi) 4: 219-298 [283].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM ♀ (coll.: Stål), Batavia [Jakarta, Java].
• Siphanta toga Kirkaldy, G.W. 1906. Leafhoppers and their natural enemies. Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experimental Station Entomological Series 1(9): 271-479 [454].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BPBM 5460 ♂ (coll.: vii.1904), Cairns, Queensland.
  Paralectotype(s) BPBM sex, quantity unknown (coll: vii.1904), Nelson (=Gordonvale), Queensland; BPBM sex, quantity unknown (coll: vi.1904), Bundaberg, Queensland; BPBM 5460A 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (coll: vii.1904), Cairns, Queensland
  Comment: Medler (1987) did not mention paralectotypes from Nelson and Bundaberg which were listed as type localities by Kirkaldy (1906).

  Subsequent designation references:

  Medler, J.T. 1987. Types of Flatidae (Homoptera) XI. Taxonomic notes on Kirkaldy Types in the Bishop Museum, with illustrations of the genitalia of male lectotypes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 27: 115-125 [123].
• Siphanta javana Kirkaldy, G.W. 1913. On some new species of leafhoppers. Part 1. Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experimental Station Entomological Series 12: 7-27 [21].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BPBM 5456 ♂ (coll.: F. Muir), Pekalongan, Java, Indonesia.
  Paralectotype(s) BPBM 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (coll: F. Muir), Pekalongan, Java, Indonesia.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Medler, J.T. 1987. Types of Flatidae (Homoptera) XI. Taxonomic notes on Kirkaldy Types in the Bishop Museum, with illustrations of the genitalia of male lectotypes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 27: 115-125 [122].
• Parasalurnis infumata Distant, W.L. 1910. Rhynchotal Notes. L. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8 5: 297-322 [310].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1902-319 ♀ (coll.: 17.xi.1901, P.P. Dodd; by monotypy), Townsville, Queensland.
• Lombokia everetti Distant, W.L. 1910. Rhynchota Malayana. Part III. Records of the Indian Museum 5: 313-338 [323].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 98-7 ♀ (coll.: vi.1896, Everett, 2500 ft; by monotypy), Lombok, Indonesia.
• Siphanta toga maculata Lallemand, V. 1935. Homoptères des Iles de la Sonde et de l'Australie du Nord. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 42(26): 661-681 [662].

  Type data:

   Lectotype NHMB ♂ (v.1931, Prof. Hanschin de Bâle), Marrakai, Northern Territory.
  Paralectotype(s) RIB ♀ (coll: v.1931, Prof. Handschin de Bâle), Burnside, Northern Territory
  Comment: Lallemand (1935) indicated that the type series comprised two specimens from Marrakai, NT. Medler (1986) reported that the paralectotype in RIB is labelled from Burnside, NT, but still recognised it as part of the type series. In the same work (Medler 1986), he also states "the lectotype male from Marrakai is in the Basel Museum" which satisfies ICZN Art. 74.5 as a lectotype designation and it is therefore Medler (1986) rather than Medler (1988), which covered the NHMB types, where the lectotype was designated.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Medler, J.T. 1986. Types of Flatidae (Homoptera) V. Lectotype designations and taxonomic notes on species in the Brussels Museum. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie 56: 35-40 [39].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Fletcher, M.J. 1985. Revision of the genus Siphanta Stål (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 110: 1-94 [19] (synonymy of Siphanta toga Kirkaldy, S. toga maculata Lallemand, S. javana Kirkaldy, Parasalurnis infumata Distant and Lombokia everetti Distant)

Generic Combinations

• Siphanta patruelis (Stål, 1859). —
  Stål, C. 1862. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipterfauna II. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 3(6): 1-75 [69]

Introduction

This is the most widespread and variable species of Siphanta. Its distribution covers virtually the northern half of the continent, New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines. The variation means it has been described as several different species or colour variants by different authors, summarised by Fletcher (2002) who added a new colour variant from Western Australia. It was not placed in a species group by Fletcher (1985) who refered to male holotypes for Siphanta toga Kirkaldy from Cairns, S. javana Kirkaldy from Java, Parasalurnis infumata Distant from Townsville and Lombokia everetti Distant from Lombok but no holotype was designated in the original descriptions of any of those species. Medler (1987) designated lectotypes for S. toga and S. javana and Medler (1990) recognised the specimens of P. infumata and L. everetti as holotypes by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Burt Plain (BRT), Carnarvon (CAR), Central Kimberley (CK), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Plains (GUP), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mulga Lands (ML), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Tanami (TAN), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

All stages: phloem feeder.

Diagnosis

Pale green, fading to yellow in dried specimens. Base of frons, apices of fore- and mid-tibiae and all tarsi with red markings. Tegmen with centre of each cell usually paler than surrounds. Costal margin to apex of costal cell pallid, then finely marked with red around apical margin and claval margin to apex of clavus. This red border sometimes extends proximally nearly to base of costal margin. Some specimens lack red entirely. Tegminal granules black at apex, often surrounded with red or brown. Tegmen sometimes with pale stripes or extensive brown patches, occasionally entirely brown. Frons with median longitudinal carina extending from apex to beyond midlength of frons; lateral carinae indicated at very apex only or not discernible; frons with lateral margins prominent level with antennae; vertex slightly ascending anteriorly, with apical margin triangularly produced forwards, medially rounded. Tegmen obliquely truncate with apical and sutural angles rounded; costal margin usually slightly concave beyond end of costal cell so that tegmen appears constricted at this point; M1+2 branched just proximal to level of claval apex. Male pygofer lacking process, at most with dorsolateral corner slightly prominent. Paramere roughly triangular with recurved, pointed process mounted near apex. Female third valvulae triangular with pilose area ventral. Second valvulae gap very shallow and wide, valvulae divergent to apices (Fletcher 1985).
The concave costal margin of the tegmen, coupled with the dark granules with dark surrounds and the long vertex, make this species easily recognisable even without examination of the male genitalia (Fletcher 1985).

ID Keys

Fletcher 1985: 4–6
Fletcher, M.J. (2005). Illustrated Key to the species of the genus Siphanta Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae) http://www1.dpi.nsw.gov.au/keys/fulgor/flatid/siphanta/siph00.htm

Diagnosis References

Fletcher, M.J. 1985. Revision of the genus Siphanta Stål (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 110: 1-94 [19–20]

General References

Fletcher, M.J. 1985. Revision of the genus Siphanta Stål (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 110: 1-94 [19]

Fletcher, M.J. 2002. A new species of Siphanta Stål (Hemiptera: Flatidae) from Western Australia and notes on other species of the genus. Australian Entomologist 29(3): 97-102 [100]

Medler, J.T. 1987. Types of Flatidae (Homoptera) XI. Taxonomic notes on Kirkaldy Types in the Bishop Museum, with illustrations of the genitalia of male lectotypes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 27: 115-125 [122–123]

Medler, J.T. 1990. Types of Flatidae (Homoptera) XIV. Walker and Distant types in the British Museum. Oriental Insects 24: 127–195 [169 / 171]

History of changes