• Euphausidae Dana, J.D. 1850. Synopsis generum crustaceorum ordinis "Schizopoda". American Journal of Science 9: 129-133 [132].

  Type genus:

   Euphausia Dana, 1850.
• Thysanopodea Claus, C. 1863. Uebereinige Schizopoden und niedere Malacostraken Messina's. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 13(3): 422-454 pls 25-29 [442] [used in the corrected form, Thysanopodidae, by Stebbing (1905)].

  Type genus:

   Thysanopoda H. Milne Edwards, 1837.

  Secondary source:

   Stebbing, T.R.R. 1905. South African Crustacea, Pt III. Marine Investigations in South Africa IV: 21-123 pls 17-24.
• Nematoscelinae Holt, E.W.L. & Tattersall, W.M. 1905. Schizopodous Crustacea from the north-east Atlantic slope. Scientific Investigations, Fisheries Branch, Ireland 1902–1903(II, App. IV): 99-152 [107].

  Type genus:

   Nematosceles G.O. Sars, 1883.
• Stylocheirinae Colosi, G. 1917. Crostacei. Part II. Eufausiacei. Raccolte planctoniche fatte dalla R. Nave "Liguria". Firenze : Pubblic Ist. St. Sup. 2 pt 7, 165-205 pp., pls xiv-xvi. [168].

  Type genus:

   Stylocheiron G.O. Sars, 1883.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Colosi, G. 1917. Crostacei. Part II. Eufausiacei. Raccolte planctoniche fatte dalla R. Nave "Liguria". Firenze : Pubblic Ist. St. Sup. 2 pt 7, 165-205 pp., pls xiv-xvi.

Introduction

Euphausiids are represented in Australian waters by eight genera and 54 species. The list of included species has been based, at least in part, on distributional data given by Mauchline & Fisher (1969), Mauchline (1980) and Brinton et al. (1999). I have also relied heavily on these authors for ecological information. Some species are included that occur in the Southern Ocean between Australia and Antarctica, even though this area may not be strictly within Australian Territorial waters. Two interesting papers on the tropical east Australian fauna are those of Tattersall (1936a, 1936b).

The authorship of the Euphausiidae has been widely attributed to Holt & Tattersall (1905), but the earliest use of the name is by Dana (1850: 130). Although Dana used the spelling `Euphausidae', the name in its corrected form, is an available name under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999). Holt & Tattersall (1905) were the first to recognise the subfamily Euphausiinae. Again, however, the authorship for the subfamily name must be attributed to Dana (1850).

Diagnosis

Seventh and eighth thoracic legs with reduced number of segments or rudimentary (with exception of Thysanopoda that has seventh normally segmented but distinctly shorter). First to eighth thoracic legs bearing gills that are retained on last pair irrespective of degree of reduction. Gills on anterior thoracic legs with a single main branch; posterior gills having several branches. Males with inner rami of first and second pairs of pleopods modified to form a petasma and an appendix masculina, respectively. Bell-shaped luminescent organs present, typically one on each eyestalk, a pair on base of second and seventh thoracic appendages, and one ventrallly on the first four segments of abdomen between pleopods. (After Brinton et al. 1999).

General References

Brinton, E., Ohman, M.D., Townsend, A.W., Knight, M.D. & Bridgeman, A.L. 1999. Euphausiids of the World Ocean. Version 1.0 (Mac). ETI CD-ROM, University of Amsterdam.

Dana, J.D. 1850. Synopsis generum crustaceorum ordinis "Schizopoda". American Journal of Science 9: 129-133

Holt, E.W.L. & Tattersall, W.M. 1905. Schizopodous Crustacea from the north-east Atlantic slope. Scientific Investigations, Fisheries Branch, Ireland 1902–1903(II, App. IV): 99-152

ICZN 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. IV Edition. London : International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature xxix+ 306 pp.

Mauchline, J. 1980. The biology of mysids and euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 18: 1-681

Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. The zooplankton. V. The occurrence and seasonal distribution of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 2: 277-289

History of changes

• Euphausia Dana, J.D. 1850. Synopsis generum crustaceorum ordinis "Schizopoda". American Journal of Science 9: 129-133 [133].

  Type species:

   Euphausia superba Dana, 1850 by original designation (method of fixation not determined).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific and Southern Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, Gulf of Carp., Lower E coast, N coast, NW coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, S oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic
  • New South Wales: Central E coast, Lower E coast, SE oceanic
  • Northern Territory: Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast
  • Queensland: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, Gulf of Carpentaria, NE coast, NE oceanic, SE oceanic
  • South Australia: Great Australian Bight, S Gulfs coast, S oceanic
  • Tasmania: S oceanic, SE oceanic, Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait, SE oceanic
  • Western Australia: Central W coast, Lower W coast, NW coast, NW oceanic, S oceanic, SW coast, W oceanic
• Australian Antarctic Territory

Distribution References

History of changes

• Euphausia brevis Hansen, H.J. 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 42: 1-32 [15].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MOM ♂, stations within triangle of Banc de Gorringe, the Azores and the Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean; ZMUC ♀, within triangle of Banc de Gorringe, the Azores and the Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean;
  Status unknown, MOM ♂ ♀ (also ZMC), stations within triangle of Banc de Gorringe, the Azores and the Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Circum-subtropical, extending into tropics in Indian Ocean and on western sides of Atlantic and Pacific, absent from the eastern boundary currents of the Pacific.

Ecological Descriptors

Diurnal, epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults often at 300–500 m depth during the day, rising to shallower than 100 m at night.

History of changes

• Euphausia crystallorophias Holt, E.W.L. & Tattersall, W.M. 1906. Preliminary notice of the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. "Discovery" in the Antarctic region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 1-11 [3].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH (probable depository institution), Atlantic Ocean.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

S oceanic, South Shetland Islands, southern circumpolar.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Continental shelf, continental slope, detritivore, neritic, neritic, pelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

Aggregates and is a food source for whales and seals, can feed on detrital material, commonest in bays and straits in depths less than 300 m.

History of changes

• Euphausia diomedeae Ortmann, A.E. 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galàpagos to the west coast of Mexico, and the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross" during 1891. XIV. The pelagic Schizopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 25: 99-111 [102 pl. 1 fig. 3].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MCZ 2 specimens, Bindloe Is., Galapagos Islands (Albatross Stn 3409).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Northern Territory: Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast
  • Queensland: Gulf of Carpentaria, NE coast

Ecological Descriptors

Neritic, oceanic province, pelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth below 140 m, comes to surface at night.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [167] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Euphausia fallax Hansen, H.J. 1916. The euphausiacean crustaceans of the "Albatross" Expedition to the Philippines. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 49: 635-654 [645 pl. 83 fig. 1a-d].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 47890 ♂, off Gigantangan Is., between Masbate and Leyte, Philippines [11°36'39" 124°13'30"].
  Paratype(s) USNM 47889.
• Euphausia consuelae Boone, L. 1935. Crustacea and Echinodermata. Scientific results of the world cruise of the yacht Alva, 1931, William K. Vanderbilt, commanding. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum 6: 1-263, 96 pls, 13 text-figs [206 pls 58-59].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) VMM 13 specimens, off Ametejum Island, New Hebrides.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Sheard, K. 1953. Taxonomy, distribution and development of the Euphausiacea (Crustacea). British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition Reports, Series B (Zoology and Botany) 8: 1-72 [13]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific (Indo-Australian Archipelago from Philippines to Coral Sea), Andaman Sea, south of Sri Lanka, north of Madagascar.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Neritic, oceanic province, pelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

Eaten by fish, near surface at night, daytime depths not known.

History of changes

• Euphausia frigida Hansen, H.J. 1911. The genera and species of the order Euphausiacea, with account of remarkable variation. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 1911(210): 1-54 [27 fig. 9].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Swedish Antarctic Expedition, area between 49º and 53º10'S longitude 48º and 36ºW, Southern Atlantic Ocean.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

S oceanic, southern circumpolar between 45º–60ºS, with distribution centered near Antarctic Convergence.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Forms aggregations, food source for whales, found above depths of about 300 m.

History of changes

• Euphausia gibba Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [17].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH numerous specimens, three separate localities: Atlantic, between Tenerife and St Thomas; Pacific Ocean, off Kandavu, Fiji Islands; West Pacific, Api to Cape York.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Subtropical South Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE oceanic
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Eaten by whales and fish, depth 280–500 m, rising to shallower depths at night.

History of changes

• Euphausia hemigibba Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [100 pl. 14 figs 5a-f].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMA, Indonesia (Siboga Expedition Stn 148) [0°17'06"S 129°14'05"E].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (subtropical in North Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean and North and South Atlantic).

IMCRA

Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Western Australia: NW oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 280–700 m, above 140 m at night.

History of changes

• Euphausia longirostris Hansen, H.J. 1908. Schizopoda and Cumacea. pp. 1–20 in, Result. Voyage S.Y. Belgica, Rapp. Sci., Zool. [4 pl. i figs 1a-c].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Antarctic waters, south of Falkland Islands.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Sub-Antarctic between about 30ºS and 55ºS, not reported south of Antarctic Convergence, but does occur north of Subtropical Convergence.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE oceanic
  • South Australia: S oceanic
  • Tasmania: S oceanic, SE oceanic
  • Western Australia: S oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

History of changes

• Euphausia lucens Hansen, H.J. 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 42: 1-32 [9].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) UZM numerous specimens, off Cape of Good Hope, and unnamed localities in Pacific Ocean
  Comment: Hansen (1905: 9) established that the 'Challenger' specimens recorded by Sars, G.O. 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. "Challenger" during the years 1873–76. Challenger Report on Zoology 13(37): 1–228 as E. splendens Dana, 1850 (see Dana, J.D. 1850. Synopsis generum crustaceorum ordinis "Schizopoda". American Journal of Science 9: 129–133), could not belong to that species and required a new name, E. lucens; he ostensibly referred to Sars' material as the basis of his new species, but states, `the Copenhagen Museum possesses numerous specimens from three places south of or far south-west of the Cape of Good Hope and from various localities in the Pacific'; because these are the specimens that Hansen actually examined, then they must be considered the syntypes.

  Type locality references:

  Dana, J.D. 1850. Synopsis generum crustaceorum ordinis "Schizopoda". American Journal of Science 9: 129-133; Sars, G.O. 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(37): 1-228 pls 1-38.
• Euphausia uncinata Colosi, G. 1917. Crostacei. Part II. Eufausiacei. Raccolte planctoniche fatte dalla R. Nave "Liguria". Firenze : Pubblic Ist. St. Sup. 2 pt 7, 165-205 pp., pls xiv-xvi. [186 pl. 14 figs 9, 10].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, not determined.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [64]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumpolar in southern temperate waters between about 40ºS and 47ºS.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • South Australia: Great Australian Bight
  • Tasmania: S oceanic, Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait
  • Western Australia: S oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Forms aggregations, preyed on by whales, migrates vertically between 0–300 m depth.

History of changes

• Euphausia mutica Hansen, H.J. 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 42: 1-32 [14] [part].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MOM, Sargasso Sea; UZM, Sargasso Sea; Red Sea; various localities in Indian Ocean; various localities from Gulf of Siam to southern Japan to Philippines; ZMA 1 specimen, Siboga Stn 177 [2°30'S 129°28'E]; ZMA 10 specimens, Siboga Stn 128 [4°27'N 125°25.7'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (subtropical in all ocean basins, but extends into tropical Caribbean Sea, eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and western Pacific—in mid-South Pacific between 90–170ºW, it is restricted to 10–20ºS).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic, SE oceanic
  • Western Australia: W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

300–400 m depth during day, above 50 m at night.

General References

Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1). In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3A. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xii 551 pp. [99] (<3703> [94] noted that the original syntypic series also contained specimens of E. diomedeae Ortmann, 1894, but the Monaco and Siboga material is definitely attributable to E. mutica)

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [167] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Euphausia pseudogibba Ortmann, A.E. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 2(Gb): 1-120 pls 1-10 [12 pl. 1 fig. 6].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMB (probable depository institution), Atlantic Ocean.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-west central Pacific Oceans (tropical Atlantic and Gulf Stream, Indo-Australian Archipelago, South China Sea, the Kuroshio Current, a narrow zone (2–10ºN) in Indian Ocean, and east-west belt of 10–20ºS across South Pacific).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Northern Territory: N coast
  • Queensland: NE oceanic
  • Western Australia: NW oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by whales and fish, depth 280–500 m, rising to surface at night.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [167] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Euphausia recurva Hansen, H.J. 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 42: 1-32 [13].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, UZM numerous specimens, South Atlantic Ocean, southern Indian Ocean, and southern end of Japan.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans, subtropical in all ocean basins, but needs to be confirmed from North Atlantic.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Important prey species for whales and fish, depth 140–700 m during the day, at night found above thermocline up to surface.

History of changes

• Euphausia sanzoi Torrelli, B. 1934. Eufausiacei del Mar Rosso. Memorie Reale Comitato Talassografico Italiano 208: 1-17 [7 figs 2-5].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Red Sea.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Western Indian Ocean (Red Sea and Arabian Sea to Madagascar, basins of East Indian Archipelago, and near the Philippines).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Oceanic province, pelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

Have been recorded on surface at night, but daytime depths not known.

History of changes

• Euphausia sibogae Hansen, H.J. 1908. Sur quelques Crustacés pélagiques d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 16: 157-159 [158].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA 3 'young specimens', Amboina [Ambon], north of Java, Indonesia.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Central Indo-west Pacific (Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indonesia, north to southern Japan).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: Great Barrier Reef, NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Oceanic province, pelagic.

Extra Ecological Information

Tropical regions characterised by high productivity and oxygen-deficiency below the thermocline, vertical distribution not known, but probably lives close to surface.

General References

Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [101] (full description and figures)

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [168] (Queensland records)

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [67]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal southern temperate ocean basins, between about 25º–55ºS, tropical Indian Ocean, western Northern Pacific, East China Sea.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic

History of changes

• Euphausia similis armata Hansen, H.J. 1911. The genera and species of the order Euphausiacea, with account of remarkable variation. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 1911(210): 1-54 [25 fig. 7].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) UZM 11 specimens, four separate localities: South Atlantic at 40º9'S and 37.5ºS; eastern Indian Ocean at 13ºS 103.3ºE; and between New Zealand and Tasmania.
• Euphausia similis crassirostris Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [94 pl. 14 figs 2a-c] [Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1). In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3A. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xii 551 pp. (100) there appears to be some doubt as to the identity of this subspecies; Mauchline & Fisher (1969) include it as a synonym of E. similis armata, but if this is true, then E. similis crassirostris is the older name and thus should be the valid name for this taxon; Boden (1954: 210) comments, however, that '[t]he variety crassirostris … may have been founded on deformed specimens', and he did not include it in his synonymy of E. similis armata; it should perhaps be considered a nom. dub. and excluded from the synonymy until conclusive evidence is presented].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMA 1 specimen, Indonesia (Siboga Stn 85) [0°36.5'S 119°29.5'E]; ZMA ♂ (immature), Indonesia (Siboga Stn 276) [6°47.5'S 128°40.5'E]; ZMA ♀ (immature), Indonesia (Siboga Stn 243) [4°30.2'S 129°25'E].

  Secondary source:

   Davie, P. 2002. Crustacea: Malacostraca: Phyllocarida, Hoplocarida, Eucarida (Part 1). In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. (eds) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 19.3A. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia xii 551 pp.
• Euphausia similis lobata Zimmer, C. 1914. Die Schizopoden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Exped., 1901–1903. Deutsche Südpolar Expedition 15(7): 377-445 [425 pl. 26 fig. 59].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) Pacific, tropical Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [68]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal in southern temperate oceans, between about 25º–55ºS, equatorial waters around Indonesia and eastern Bay of Bengal.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Not known if vertically migrates, important prey species for whales and fish, surface to 300 m.

General References

Boden, B.P. 1954. The Euphausiid crustaceans of southern African waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 34: 181-243 [210]

History of changes

• Euphausia similis Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [13].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, South Atlantic Ocean, south-east of Buenos Aires (Challenger Stn 320) [37°17'S 53°52'W].

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal southern temperate ocean basins, between about 25º–55ºS, tropical Indian Ocean, western Northern Pacific, East China Sea.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Important prey species for whales and fish, surface to 300 m, but only beneath the thermocline in the tropics, not known if vertically migrates.

History of changes

• Euphausia spinifera Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [18].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 4 specimens, three separate localities: south of Australia (48º18'S 30º11'E); South Pacific about midway between New Zealand and Chile; and 'South Pacific'.
• Euphausia schotti Ortmann, A.E. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 2(Gb): 1-120 pls 1-10 [13 pl. 7 figs 8, 8a].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, South Atlantic.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [75]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Southern Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans between about 35ºS and 50ºS.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Forms aggregations, preyed on by whales, found in upper 300 m.

History of changes

• Euphausia superba Dana, J.D. 1850. Synopsis generum crustaceorum ordinis "Schizopoda". American Journal of Science 9: 129-133 [133].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ANSP (probable depository institution), Antarctica [60°S 150°E].
• Euphausia antarctica Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [16].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH numerous specimens, at the ice barrier in Antarctic Ocean (Challenger Stn 153) [65°42'S 79°49'E].
• Euphausia murrayi Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [14].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♀, Antarctic Ocean, near ice barrier (Challenger Expedition Stn 154).
• Euphausia australis Hodgson, T.V. 1902. Crustacea. In, Report on the Collections of Natural History made in the Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the "Southern Cross". London : British Museum. 228-261 pp. [238 pl. 30 fig. 9].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH, between ice floes in lat. 62ºS, Antarctic waters.
• Euphausia glacialis Hodgson, T.V. 1902. Crustacea. In, Report on the Collections of Natural History made in the Antarctic Regions during the Voyage of the "Southern Cross". London : British Museum. 228-261 pp. [236 pl. 30 figs 1-8].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 20 to 30 specimens, Antarctica [65°52'S 162°32'E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [62]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Southern circumpolar north to about Antarctic Convergence, between 50ºS and 60ºS.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Important prey species for whales, seals, fish, squid, decapods and birds, forms dense swarms at the surface, particularly in continental slope waters, depth above 250 m.

General References

Hamner, W.M., Hamner, P.P., Strand, S.W. & Gilmer, R.W. 1983. Behaviour of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba: chemoreception, feeding, schooling, and molting. Science (Washington, D.C.) 433: 433-435

History of changes

• Euphausia tenera Hansen, H.J. 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 42: 1-32 [9] [proposed for G.O. Sars *1884: ) specimens of E. gracilis from Tropical Atlantic, Australian sea and Pacific, at the surface].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (tropical species extending into subtropical parts of the western North Pacific, western North Atlantic, and eastern South Atlantic).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, Gulf of Carp., Lower E coast, N coast, NW coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Important prey species for whales and fish, 150–500 m depth during day, above 140 m at night (mostly near 50–75 m), has been found in Great Barrier Reef lagoon waters in small numbers from August to October.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [167] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Euphausia triacantha Holt, E.W.L. & Tattersall, W.M. 1906. Preliminary notice of the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. "Discovery" in the Antarctic region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 1-11 [4].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, BMNH, Antarctic Region [66°52'9"S 178°8'15"E].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Southern circumpolar between 50ºS and 65ºS, in Subantarctic waters southwards to northern limits of East Wind and Weddell Drifts, occasionally in coastal waters of Antarctic Continent.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 250–750 m, above 250 m at night.

History of changes

• Euphausia vallentini Stebbing, T.R.R, 1900. On some Crustaceans from the Falkland Islands coll. by Mr. Rupert Valletin. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 517-568 [545 pl. 37].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, SAM, Stanley Harbour, Falkland Is.
• Euphausia patachonica Colosi, G. 1917. Crostacei. Part II. Eufausiacei. Raccolte planctoniche fatte dalla R. Nave "Liguria". Firenze : Pubblic Ist. St. Sup. 2 pt 7, 165-205 pp., pls xiv-xvi. [187 pl. 14 figs 11-14, pl. 15 figs 15-20].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, off Falkland Islands, SW Atlantic.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [64]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Southern circumpolar in Subantarctic zone, typically between 50ºS–60ºS and the subtropical convergence around 40ºS, but reported as far north as 32º15'S.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic
• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by whales, depths of 100–250 m during the day, rising to surface at night.

History of changes

• Hansarsia Shaw, J.J. 2023. Hansarsia nom. nov., a replacement name for Nematoscelis G.O. Sars, 1883 (Crustacea: Euphausiidae), a junior homonym of Nematoscelis Wollaston, 1867 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Zootaxa 5256: 84-86 [84] [replacement name].
• Nematoscelis Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [27] [junior homonym].

  Type species:

   Nematoscelis megalops Sars, 1883 by subsequent designation, see Sars, G.O. 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(37): 1-228 pls 1-38 [127].

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

History of changes

• Nematoscelis atlantica Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [106] [name proposed, and distinguishing characters given as part of key, but precise details of material not mentioned].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Atlantic Ocean.

Generic Combinations

• Hansarsia atlantica (Hansen, 1910).

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumglobal (antitropical in Pacific—between about 20º–40º), Indian Ocean (between about 10–35ºS), Atlantic (approx. between 40º parallels), Mediterranean Sea.

IMCRA

Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NW oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, below 250 m depth by day, shallower at night, immatures and larvae mostly above 50 m.

General References

Brinton, E., Ohman, M.D., Townsend, A.W., Knight, M.D. & Bridgeman, A.L. 1999. Euphausiids of the World Ocean. Version 1.0 (Mac). ETI CD-ROM, University of Amsterdam.

History of changes

• Nematoscelis difficilis Hansen, H.J. 1911. The genera and species of the order Euphausiacea, with account of remarkable variation. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 1911(210): 1-54 [48 fig. 18].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) 3♂, temperate East Pacific Ocean.

Generic Combinations

• Hansarsia difficilis (Hansen, 1911).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

North Pacific, recorded from SE Australia by Sheard, K. 1953. Taxonomy, distribution and development of the Euphausiacea (Crustacea). Report of the British and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, Ser. B (Zoology and Botany) 8: 1–72, but record requires confirmation.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: SE oceanic

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Above about 200 m depth, but within thermocline.

History of changes

• Nematoscelis gracilis Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [109 pl. 15 fig. 3a-g].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA 8♂ 14♀ numerous immature, various localities in Indonesia (Siboga Expedition Stns 118, 128, 141, 143, 148, 165, 185, 203, 216, 243, 276).

Generic Combinations

• Hansarsia gracilis (Hansen, 1910).

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Pacific Oceans (mostly between 20ºN–20ºS but extending to 40ºN within the Kuroshio Current, near Japan).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 300–500 m during day, 100–300 m at night.

History of changes

• Nematoscelis megalops Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [27].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH numerous specimens, South Atlantic (Challenger Stns 332, 333).

Generic Combinations

• Hansarsia megalops (Sars, 1883).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-south Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Commonly about 140 m depth within the thermocline but down to 300 m.

History of changes

• Nematoscelis microps Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [28].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 2♀, North Atlantic; BMNH ♀, Pacific Ocean, north of Sandwich Islands [Hawai'i].
• Nematoscelis rostrata Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [29].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH a few specimens, tropical Atlantic (Challenger Stn 348).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [86]

Generic Combinations

• Hansarsia microps (Sars, 1883).

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-west central Pacific Oceans (north-south distribution limited by 13ºC isotherm at 200 m depth).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, SE oceanic
  • Queensland: Great Barrier Reef

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, depth 200–700 m during day rising to surface at night.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [174] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Nematoscelis tenella Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [28].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH a few specimens, tropical Atlantic; Pacific Ocean south of the Cape of Good Hope.
• Nematoscelis mantis Chun, C. 1896. Atlantis. Biologische Studien über pelagische Organismen. V: Über pelagishe Tiefsee Schizopoden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 7: 137-190 pls 8-15 [165].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, off Funchal, Madeira, North Atlantic.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [86]

Generic Combinations

• Hansarsia tenella (Sars, 1883).

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

North Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans, tropical to subtropical, in depths exceeding 300 m.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Eaten by fish, 100–450 m by night (maximum 300–400 m, below thermocline) and 200–450 m by day, larvae found above thermocline at 100–150 m.

History of changes

• Nematobrachion Calman, W.T. 1905. Note on a genus of euphausiid crustacean. Fisheries, Ireland, Scientific Investigations, 1902–3 4(ii): 153-155 1 pl. [153] [nom. nov. for Nematodactylus Calman, 1896].

  Type species:

   Nematobrachion boopis Calman, 1905 by original designation.
• Nematodactylus Calman, W.T. 1896. On deep sea Crustacea from the South-west of Ireland. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy 31(1): 1-20 pls 1-2 [16] [junior homonym of Nematodactylus Gill, 1863 (Pisces)].

  Type species:

   Nematodactylus boopis Calman, 1896 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

Worldwide.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Tas. Coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic
  • New South Wales: Central E coast, SE oceanic
  • Queensland: NE coast, NE oceanic

Distribution References

General References

Boden, B.P. 1954. The Euphausiid crustaceans of southern African waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 34: 181-243 [227]

History of changes

• Nematodactylus boopis Calman, W.T. 1896. On deep sea Crustacea from the South-west of Ireland. Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy 31(1): 1-20 pls 1-2 [17 figs 19-28].

  Type data:

   Holotype INM 1 specimen, North Atlantic, south of Ireland [50°52'N 11°52'W].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

North to Tasmanian waters, North and South Pacific from 42ºN–53ºS, Atlantic from 65ºN–53ºS, and Indian Ocean between 10ºN to about 50ºS.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Usually below 300 m depth, not vertical migrators.

History of changes

• Stylocheiron flexipes Ortmann, A.E. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 2(Gb): 1-120 pls 1-10 [18 pl. 1 fig. vii].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMB 2 specimens (probable depository institution), southern Equatorial Current.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE oceanic
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Eaten by fish, depth 100–700 m during the day, above 280 m at night.

History of changes

• Nematobrachion sexspinosum Hansen, H.J. 1911. The genera and species of the order Euphausiacea, with account of remarkable variation. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 1911(210): 1-54 [51].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MCZ 2♂, tropical East Pacific (Agassiz Exped. Stn 4699); MOM ♂, temperate North Atlantic Ocean (Monaco Stn 2105);
  Status unknown.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

West central Pacific Ocean (30ºN–30ºS), Indian Ocean (5ºN–30ºS), western Atlantic Ocean (about 35ºN–30ºS), and Gulf of Mexico.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, 100–200 m depth.

History of changes

• Nyctiphanes Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [23].

  Type species (included species):

   Nyctiphanes australis Sars, 1883; Thysanopoda couchii Bell, 1853; Thysanopoda norvegica Sars, 1857

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

East-Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Lower E coast
  • South Australia: S Gulfs coast
  • Tasmania: Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait

Distribution References

History of changes

• Nyctiphanes australis Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [24].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH a few specimens, off east Moncoeur Island, Bass Strait, off Cape Howe, SE Australia, and off Port Jackson [NSW].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

E Australia south of about 30ºS, southern coast of Australia to about 132ºE, New Zealand south to Snares Islands (48ºS).

IMCRA

Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Lower E coast
  • South Australia: S Gulfs coast
  • Tasmania: Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, neritic.

Extra Ecological Information

Forms swarms near surface, feeds both in water column and upon near-bottom detritus, prey species for squid, birds (e.g. short-tailed shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris, and various terns), and fishes (barracuda, southern bluefin and skipjack tunas, tiger flat-head), to about 100 m depth.

General References

Sheard, K. 1953. Taxonomy, distribution and development of the Euphausiacea (Crustacea). British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition Reports, Series B (Zoology and Botany) 8: 1-72 (biology and feeding)

History of changes

• Pseudeuphausia Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [103].

  Type species:

   Pseudeuphausia latifrons Sars, 1883 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Central E coast, Lower E coast
  • Queensland: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, NE coast
  • Western Australia: N coast, NW coast

History of changes

• Euphausia latifrons Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [19].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH (a few specimens), off Port Jackson, NSW, Arafura Sea, and Celebes Sea off Mindanao [Philippines];
  Status unknown, BMNH.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific Oceans (Madagascar north to Red Sea extending eastwards to Indonesia, Philippines, and Samoa).

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Central E coast, Lower E coast
  • Queensland: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, NE coast
  • Western Australia: N coast, NW coast

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, neritic.

Extra Ecological Information

Abundant in gulfs less than 100 m depth, but will disperse over deeper water, this is the dominant species in the shallow waters of the lagoon and reef flats of the Great Barrier Reef.

General References

Mauchline, J. 1980. The biology of mysids and euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 18: 1-681 [391]

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [168] (description of larval development)

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. The zooplankton. V. The occurrence and seasonal distribution of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 2: 277-289 [287] (notes on seasonal abundance and ecology)

History of changes

• Stylocheiron Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [29].

  Type species:

   Stylocheiron carinatum Sars, 1883 by subsequent designation, see Sars, G.O. 1885. Report on the Schizopoda collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(37): 1-228 pls 1-38 [138].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Tropical Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: N coast, NW coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, S oceanic, SE oceanic
  • New South Wales: Central E coast, Lower E coast, SE oceanic
  • Northern Territory: Gulf of Carpentaria, N coast
  • Queensland: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, Gulf of Carpentaria, NE coast, NE oceanic, SE oceanic
  • South Australia: S Gulfs coast, S oceanic
  • Tasmania: Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait, S oceanic, SE oceanic
  • Western Australia: NW coast

Distribution References

History of changes

• Stylocheiron abbreviatum Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [33].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH, three localities: Pacific, north of Sandwich Islands [Hawai'i]; Tropical Atlantic; North Atlantic;
  Status unknown, BMNH.
• Stylocheiron chelifer Chun, C. 1896. Atlantis. Biologische Studien über pelagische Organismen. V: Über pelagishe Tiefsee Schizopoden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 7: 137-190 pls 8-15 [161 pl. 1 figs 1-8].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, off Funchal, Madeira, North Atlantic, and in Mediterranean;
  Status unknown.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [100]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (mostly between 40ºN–40ºS, in Indian Ocean extends to about 12ºN, and in Red Sea, and Gulf of Eilat).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, depth 50–300 m.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [175] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Stylocheiron affine Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [118 pl. 26 figs 4a-d].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA numerous specimens, eastern Indonesia (Siboga Expedition Stns 66, 118, 129, 141, 143, 148, 157, 185, 203, 220, 276).

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Circumtropical and subtropical.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, depth usually above 300 m (in and above the thermocline), and beyond the continental shelf.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [175] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Stylocheiron carinatum Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [31].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH several ♂ and ♀, Pacific off Kandavu, Fiji; off Mindanao, Philippines.

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (between about 40ºN and 35ºS).

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: N coast, NW coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, SE oceanic
  • Queensland: Great Barrier Reef

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, depth 50–300 m (mostly above 140 m) moving towards surface at night.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [174] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Stylocheiron elongatum Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [32].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, BMNH ♂ ♀, South Atlantic.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic Ocean (mostly from 40ºN–40ºS but to 65ºN in Gulf Stream), Pacific Ocean (from 40ºN–35ºS), Indian Ocean (from about 10ºN–40ºS).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Absent from oxygen-deficient waters such as parts of eastern tropical Pacific, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, preyed on by fish, depth 200–500 m.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [175] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Stylocheiron insulare Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [115 pl. 16 fig. 2a-I].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA 4♂ 5♀, 1 immature, eastern Indonesia (Siboga Stns 118, 141, 143, 185, 203, 220, 243).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory

Extra Distribution Information

Oceanic off northern Australia, Indo-Australian Archipelago (north to southern Philippines), eastwards in equatorial Pacific to about 165ºE, in Indian Ocean near Andaman Islands and off southern Sumatra and Java.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Northern Territory: N coast

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, neritic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Above 200 m depth.

History of changes

• Stylocheiron longicorne Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [32].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♀, south of Cape of Good Hope.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (tropical to warm temperate waters).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, 140–500 m depth.

History of changes

• Stylocheiron maximum Hansen, H.J. 1908. Crustacea Malacostraca. Danish Ingolf-Expedition 3(2): 1-120 [92].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, UZM ♂ (probable depository institution), North Atlantic.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, S oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, rarely above 140 m, mostly below 400 m depth.

History of changes

• Stylocheiron microphthalma Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [117 pl. 16 figs 3a-d].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMA 26 specimens (♂ and ♀), eastern Indonesia (Siboga Stns 104–108, 128, 129, 184, 276).

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west central Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth above 700 m and often above 200 m.

History of changes

• Stylocheiron robustum Brinton, E. 1962. Two new species of Euphausiacea, Euphausia nana and Stylocheiron robustum from the Pacific. Crustaceana 4: 167-179 [174 figs 4, 5].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM ♂, North-east Pacific Ocean ('Norpac' cruise Stn 141) [21°52'N 133°51'W].
  Paratype(s) USNM ♀ (as allotype), North-east Pacific Ocean ('Norpac' cruise Stn 141) [21°52'N 133°51'W]; USNM ♂ ♀, North-east Pacific Ocean ('Norpac' cruise Stn 141) [21°52'N 133°51'W].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

North and South Pacific, Indian Ocean, North and South Atlantic Ocean including Gulf of Mexico.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Depths above 280 m.

History of changes

• Stylocheiron suhmii Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [31].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH, Pacific Ocean, north of New Guinea.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-east Indo-west Central Pacific (Atlantic Ocean from about 40ºN–30ºS, Indian Ocean from equator to 30ºS, North Pacific from 40ºN to about 5ºN, South Pacific from 10 to 35ºS).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by fish, depth to 300 m, but most common above 140 m.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [175] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Thysanoessa Brandt, J.F. 1851. Krebse. pp. 79–148 in Middendorff, A.T. Reise in den äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während … 1843 und 1844: auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt und … herausgegeben von … A.T. v. Middendorff. 516 32 pls [128] [erected as subgenus of Thysanopoda].

  Type species:

   Thysanopoda (Thysanoessa) longipes Brandt, 1851 by monotypy.
• Rhoda Sim, G. 1872. The stalk-eyed Crustacea of the north-east coast of Scotland: with descriptions of new genera and species. Scottish Naturalist 1: 182-190, 2 pls [187].

  Type species:

   Rhoda jardineana Sim, 1872 by monotypy (= Thysanoessa raschii (M. Sars, 1864)).
• Boreophausia Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [11].

  Type species (included species):

   Thysanopoda inermis Krøyer, 1846; Thysanopoda longicaudata Krøyer, 1846; Thysanopoda neglecta Krøyer, 1846

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Boden, B.P. 1954. The Euphausiid crustaceans of southern African waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 34: 181-243 [219]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Worldwide.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Antarctic Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic
  • New South Wales: Lower E coast
  • South Australia: S Gulfs coast
  • Tasmania: S oceanic, Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait
  • Western Australia: S oceanic, SW coast
• Australian Antarctic Territory

Distribution References

History of changes

• Thysanoessa gregaria Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [26].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH numerous specimens, South Atlantic Ocean; Subantartic Ocean south of Cape of Good Hope and Australia.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Southern Province (8), West Tasmania Transition (9)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: S oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, epipelagic, filter-feeder, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Prey species for fish, birds, and whales, depth to 1200 m, but usually above 500 m during the day.

History of changes

• Thysanoessa macrura Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [26].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH numerous specimens, Southern Ocean off Kerguelen and Antarctic Ocean near the ice barrier.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Antarctic circumpolar south of about 55ºS, extending to Antarctic coastal waters.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by whales, 0–400 m layer, concentrating above 200 m at night.

History of changes

• Thysanoessa vicina Hansen, H.J. 1911. The genera and species of the order Euphausiacea, with account of remarkable variation. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 1911(210): 1-54 [40, 45].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH numerous specimens, Antarctic waters ('Discovery' Expedition) [61°13.5'S 173°33'E]; NHRM numerous specimens (probable depository institution), Antarctic waters (Swedish Antarctic Expedition).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Circumpolar Antarctic, south of 50ºS or 55ºS, but not extending near to Antarctic continent.

Other Regions

Australian Antarctic Territory

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australian Antarctic Territory

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Preyed on by whales, depths above 350 m.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda Milne Edwards, H. 1830. Mémoire sur une disposition particuliére d'appareil branchial chez quelques Crustacea. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 19: 451-460 [451].

  Type species:

   Thysanopoda tricuspidata H. Milne Edwards, 1837 by monotypy.
• Parathysanopoda Illig, G. 1909. Ein weiterer Bericht über die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Exped. Parathysanopoda foliifera n. gen. et spec. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 225-227 [225].

  Type species:

   Parathysanopoda foliifera Illig, 1909 by monotypy.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Brinton, E. 1975. Euphausiids of Southeast Asian Waters. Naga Report. Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 4(5): 1-287 [154]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Worldwide oceanic.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Transition (3), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 m bathymetric: Lower E coast
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic
  • New South Wales: Central E coast, Lower E coast, SE oceanic
  • Northern Territory: N coast
  • Queensland: Central E coast, Great Barrier Reef, NE coast, NE oceanic, SE oceanic
  • Tasmania: SE oceanic, Tas. coast
  • Victoria: Bass Strait, SE oceanic
  • Western Australia: Central W coast, NW coast

Distribution References

History of changes

• Thysanopoda acutifrons Holt, E.W.L. & Tattersall, W.M. 1905. Schizopodous Crustacea from the north-east Atlantic slope. Scientific Investigations, Fisheries Branch, Ireland 1902–1903(II, App. IV): 99-152 [102, 134].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) INM 5 specimens (of 23 specimens listed 5 at least are lodged in INM), NW of Eagle Island, Co. Mayo, NE Atlantic Slope.
• Thysanopoda pectinata Hansen, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the "Princess Alice" in the year 1904. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 30: 1-32 [16 fig. 12].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, MOM, west of France, N Atlantic Ocean [46°15'N 7°09'W].
• Thysanopoda johnstoni Sheard, K. 1942. The genus Thysanopoda (Crustacea, Euphausiacea). Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 66(1): 60-65 [63 figs A-Q].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ♂ ♀, B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. Stn 111, Southern Aust. Oceans, Stn 25/38, Tasmania and Investigator Straits, SA.
• Thysanopoda dubia Banner, A.H. 1950. A taxonomic study of the Mysidacea and Euphausiacea (Crustacea) of the northeastern Pacific. Part III. Euphausiacea. Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute 28: 1-62 [9 pl. 1 fig. 20a-c, pl. 2 fig. 20d-h].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) USNM 19 specimens, north-eastern Pacific off Washington, British Colombia, and Alaska.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [48]

Distribution

States

Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

North Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans, Subarctic and Subantarctic (in Pacific between about 35º–50ºN and 40º–60ºS, in the Atlantic from 35º–70ºN, and from South African waters near 30º–40ºS).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Tasmania: SE oceanic
  • Victoria: SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Prey species for whales and fish, mostly above 140 m at night but not in mixed surface layer, probably descend below 500 m by day.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda aequalis Hansen, H.J. 1905. Further notes on the Schizopoda. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 42: 1-32 [18].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, MOM, off Monaco.
• Thysanopoda subaequalis Boden, B.P. 1954. The Euphausiid crustaceans of southern African waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 34: 181-243 [190 figs 5a-d].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1951.iv.2.1 ♂, Straits of Mozambique.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Brinton, E. 1975. Euphausiids of Southeast Asian Waters. Naga Report. Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 4(5): 1-287 [165]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indo-Pacific (between about 50ºN and 30ºS latitude, but avoiding the equatorial belt).

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE oceanic
  • Queensland: NE oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults migrate between upper part of thermocline (night) and depth of deep scattering layer, about 300–600 m (day).

General References

Boden, B.P. & Brinton, E. 1957. The euphausiid crustaceans Thysanopoda aequalis Hansen and Thysanopoda subaequalis Boden, their taxonomy and distribution in the Pacific. Limnologie et Océanographie 2: 337-341

History of changes

• Thysanopoda astylata Brinton, E. 1975. Euphausiids of Southeast Asian Waters. Naga Report. Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 4(5): 1-287 [168 figs 80 d-f, 119n,o].

  Type data:

   Holotype SIO ♂, north of Nauru, western Pacific (Equapac Exped., R/V Horizon, Stn 8) [2°N 164°E].
  Paratype(s) SIO ♀, north of Nauru, western Pacific (Equapac Exped., R/V Horizon, Stn 8).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: SE oceanic
  • Queensland: NE oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, neritic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults at 300–600 m during day, migrate vertically to 25–200 m at night.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda cristata Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [22].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Celebes Sea, south of Mindanao, Philippines (Challenger Stn 213) [5°47'N 124°1'E].
• Thysanopoda biproducta Ortmann, A.E. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 2(Gb): 1-120 pls 1-10 [8 pl. 1 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown, Sargasso Sea.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [41]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-west Pacific Oceans (between about 30ºN and 30ºS in Atlantic and Pacific, in Indian Ocean mostly from equator to 30ºS).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 150–1000 m, adults below 280 m, larvae and juveniles from 150–300 m, probably in thermocline.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda egregia Hansen, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the "Princess Alice" in the year 1904. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 30: 1-32 [22 figs 20-21].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, MOM, NE Atlantic Ocean [30°4'N 17°46'W].
• Thysanopoda megalops Illig, G. 1908. Thysanopoda megalops spec. nov. Erbeutet auf der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, 1898–99. Zoologischer Anzeiger 33: 54-55 [54 figs 1-2].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMB, near Capetown, South Africa (Stn 91 Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [50]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Confirmed record from Southern Ocean south of Australia, east Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (from 40ºN–53°S in Pacific, from 3ºS–45ºS in Indian Ocean, in Atlantic, from Gulf of Mexico and west of North Africa).

Ecological Descriptors

Bathypelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults from 800–2000 m depth, larvae as shallow as 300 m.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda monacantha Ortmann, A.E. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 2(Gb): 1-120 pls 1-10 [9 pl. 1 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 22543, Atlantic Ocean off Guinea, West Africa.
• Thysanopoda agassizi Ortmann, A.E. 1894. Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galàpagos to the west coast of Mexico, and the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross" during 1891. XIV. The pelagic Schizopoda. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 25: 99-111 [99 pl. figs 1-2].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MCZ 2 specimens, Gulf of Panama and between Galapagos and Acapulco.
• Thysanopoda lateralis Hansen, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the "Princess Alice" in the year 1904. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 30: 1-32 [18 figs 14-16].

  Type data:

   Holotype MOM ♀, off Canary Is., NE Atlantic Ocean [27°43'N 18°28'W].
• Thysanopoda ctenophora Illig, G. 1908. Ein weiterer Bericht über die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Exped. 1898–1899. Gattung Thysanopoda (Fortsetzung). Zoologischer Anzeiger 33: 112-115 [112 fig. 1].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMB, 'Golf von Guinea'.
• Thysanopoda mansui Marukawa, H. 1928. Über neue 5 Arten der Schizopoden. Annotation of the Oceanographical Research, Tokyo 2(1): 4-8, 3 pls.

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Japan Seas.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [41]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (between the 35º north and south, but not in oxygen deficient waters north of 10ºN in Indian and East Pacific Oceans).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults in 100–500 m depth, mostly 300–400 m, and not above thermocline.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda obtusifrons Sars, G.O. 1883. Preliminary notices on the Schizopoda of H.M.S. "Challenger" Expedition. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania 7: 1-43 [21].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 2 specimens, South Pacific (Challenger Expedition Stn 285).
• Thysanopoda distinguenda Hansen, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the "Princess Alice" in the year 1904. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 30: 1-32 [17 fig. 13].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MOM 1 specimen, NE Atlantic Ocean (Princesse Alice Cruise Stn 1760) [29°16'N 16°11'W]; MOM 2 specimens, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1800) [32°18'N 23°58'W]; MOM 1 specimen, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1849) [36°17'N 28°53'W]; MOM 4 specimens, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1856) [36°46'N 26°41'W].
• Thysanopoda vulgaris Hansen, H.J. 1905. Preliminary report on the Schizopoda collected by H.S.H. Prince Albert of Monaco during the cruise of the "Princess Alice" in the year 1904. Bulletin du Musée Océanographique de Monaco 30: 1-32 [15].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MOM 2 specimens, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Princesse Alice Cruise Stn 1676) [35°44'N 11°52'W]; MOM 5 specimens, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1736) [28°38'45"N 17°59'40"W]; MOM 5 specimens, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1760) [29°16'N 16°11'W]; MOM 1 specimen, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1768) [27°43'N 18°28'W]; MOM 5 specimens, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1800) [32°18'N 23°58'W]; MOM 4 specimens, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1802) [33°06'N 25°07'W]; MOM 1 specimen, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1849) [36°17'N 28°53'W]; MOM 5 specimens, off NW Africa, NE Atlantic Ocean (Stn 1856) [36°46'N 26°41'W].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [1969]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Timor Province (2), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NW oceanic, SE oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults within thermocline, below 140 m, at night, mainly below about 300 m during day.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda orientalis Hansen, H.J. 1910. The Schizopoda of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Expéditie Report 37: 1-123 16 pls [85 pl. 13 figs 2a-i].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMA 1 juvenile, Indonesia (Siboga Stn 128) [4°27'S 125°25.7'E]; ZMA 2 juveniles, 2 larvae, Indonesia (Siboga Stn 143) [1°4.5'S 127°52.6'E]; ZMA 1 immature ♂, Indonesia (Siboga Stn 185) [3°20'S 127°22.9'E]; ZMA ♀, Indonesia (Siboga Stn 203) [3°32.5'S 124°15.5'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans.

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Cape Province (20)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, SE oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults mostly from 300–500 m depth, day and night, larvae rise to 140 m.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [166] (Queensland records)

History of changes

• Thysanopoda pectinata Ortmann, A.E. 1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise 2(Gb): 1-120 pls 1-10 [10 pl. 1 fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB 22545, northern Equatorial Current.
• Parathysanopoda foliifera Illig, G. 1909. Ein weiterer Bericht über die Schizopoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Exped. Parathysanopoda foliifera n. gen. et spec. Zoologischer Anzeiger 35: 225-227 [225].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, ZMB, Benguela-Current west of Angra-Pequene, South Africa (Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition Stn 85c).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [46]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

East Atlantic-Indo-Pacific Oceans (Atlantic from 45ºN–30ºS, Indian Ocean from 10ºN–40ºS, in Pacific from about 35ºN–35ºS—excluding eastern boundary waters).

IMCRA

Tasmania Province (10), Southeast Transition (11), Central Eastern Province (12), Tasman Basin Province (13), Central Western Transition (5), Central Western Province (6), Southwest Transition (7)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: SE oceanic, W oceanic

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults below the thermocline from 150–700 m depth, larvae above 200 m.

History of changes

• Thysanopoda tricuspidata Milne Edwards, H. 1837. Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, comprenant l'anatomie, la physiologie et la classification de ces animaux. Paris : Libraire Encyclopedique de Roret Vol. 2 532 pp., Atlas 32 pp., 42 pls. [466 pl. 26 figs 1-6].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, MNHP, Atlantic Ocean.
• Cyrtopia rostrata Dana, J.D. 1852. Crustacea. U. S. Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia : C. Sherman Vol. 13 1618 pp. [Pt 1: 1–685; Pt 2: 686–1618] [648 pl. 43 figs 2a,b].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, (probably lost), Kingsmills Group, near Pitt's Island, Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Mauchline, J. & Fisher, L.R. 1969. The biology of euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology 7: 1-454 [44]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Atlantic-Indo-Pacific (mostly tropical from 20ºN–20ºS).

IMCRA

Central Eastern Transition (15), Kenn Transition (16), Kenn Province (17), Northeast Province (18), Northeast Transition (19), Timor Province (2), Cape Province (20), Northwest Transition (3), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • 200 mile fishing zone: NE oceanic, NW oceanic
  • Queensland: Great Barrier Reef

Ecological Descriptors

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, oceanic province.

Extra Ecological Information

Adults undergo vertical migrations, being above thermocline at night and below 300 m by day, larval stages recorded from Great Barrier Reef lagoon.

General References

Tattersall, W.M. 1936. Mysidacea and Euphausiacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 143-176 [165] (notes on larval development and seasonal occurrence)

History of changes