Genus Dysmicoccus Ferris, 1905

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Genus Dysmicoccus Ferris, 1905

Dysmicoccus Ferris, G.F. 1950. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. Series 5, v. 5. The Pseudococcidae. (Part 1). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press Vol. 5(2) 278 pp. [53].
Type species:
Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell, 1893 by original designation.
Ferrisicoccus Ezzat, Y.M. & McConnell, H.S. 1956. The mealybug tribe Planococcini (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). Bulletin of the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station A84: 1-108 [31].
Type species:
Ferrisicoccus angustus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956 by original designation.
Kaicoccus Takahashi, R. 1958. Key to the genera of Pseudococcidae in Japan, with descriptions of three new genera and two new species. Bulletin of the Osaka (Perfecture) University 7: 1-8 [5].
Type species:
Pseudococcus kaiensis Kanda, 1932 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1-343 [169] (synonymy of Ferrisicoccus Ezzat & McConnell, 1956; synonymy of Kaicoccus Takahashi, 1958)

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions (map not available)

IBRA

ACT, NSW, SA, Tas, Vic: South East Coastal Plain (SCP) ; ACT, NSW, SA, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Sydney Basin (SB), Victorian Midlands (VM) ; ACT, NSW, Vic: Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP) ; ACT, Qld, SA: South Eastern Queensland (SEQ) ; ACT, Qld, SA, Vic: South Eastern Highlands (SEH) ; NSW: Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS) ; NSW, Tas, Vic: Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR) ; NT: Darwin Coastal (DAC) ; SA: Murray Darling Depression (MDD) ; Tas: Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH) ; WA: Jarrah Forest (JF), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA)

Other Regions

Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

ID Keys

(Kosztarab, M., 1996) [99-100] (female; northeastern North America); (Tang, F.T., 1992) [188, 277] (female; Palaearctic and Oriental Regions); (Tang, F.T., 1992) [192-193] (female; Palaearctic & Oriental Regions); (Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C., 1992) [130-132] (female; Central and South America); (Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C., 1992) [43] (female; Central and South America); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [697] (female; Far East of Russia); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [703-704] (female; species Far East of Russia); (Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W., 1988) [20] (female; tropical South Pacific region); (Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A., 1987) [15] (female; species India); (Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A., 1987) [4] (female; India); (Cox, J.M., 1987) [43-44] (female; species New Zealand); (Cox, J.M., 1987) [14] (female; New Zealand); (Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A., 1986) [435] (female; species India); (Koteja, J. & Lagowska, B., 1986) [382] (female; species Palaearctic Region); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [107-109] (female; Australia); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [38] (female; Australia); (Wang, T.C., 1982) [21] (female; China); (Wang, Z.Q., 1982) [36-37] (female; species China); (Yang, P.L., 1982) [84-86] (female; species China); (Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig], 1980) [169] (female; Far East Russia); (Kawai, S., 1980) [102] (female; species Japan); (De Lotto, G., 1977) [29] (female; species South Africa); (Miller, D.R. & McKenzie, H.L., 1973) [503-506] (female; species North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1967) [47] (female; North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1967) [156-158] (female; North America); (Beardsley, J.W., 1966) [405] (female; Federated States of Micronesia); (Beardsley, J.W., 1965) [57] (female; species Dysmicoccus brevipes complex); (Beardsley, J.W., 1965) [57] (female; world); (McKenzie, H.L., 1964) [230-231] (female; North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1962) [643-644] (female; species North America); (Williams, D.J., 1962) [21] (female; Britain); (Ezzat, Y.M., 1960) [40] (female; species Egypt); (Balachowsky, A.S., 1953) [1047] (female; Senegal); (Ferris, G.F., 1953) [285] (female; North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1953) [332] (female; North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1950) [22] (female; North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1950) [54-55] (female; North America)

GENERAL

Good definition and characters given by Ferris, G.F. 1950. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. (Ser. 5, vol. 5). The Pseudococcidae (Part I). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press 278 pp.; Ferris, G.F. 1953. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, v. 6, The Pseudococcidae (Part II). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press 506 pp., Balachowsky, A.S. 1953. Sur un Dysmicoccus nouveau (Hom. Coccoidea–Pseudococcini) nuisible au Casuarina en A.O.F. [Contribution à l'étude des Coccoidea de la France d'Outre-mer, 9e note.]. Bulletin del l'Institut Française d'Afrique Noir 15: 1046–1050, McKenzie, H.L. 1967. Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Cooccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Berkeley : Univ. Calif. Press 526 pp., Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1–343, Williams, D.J. 1960. The Pseudococcidae (Coccoidea: Homoptera) of the Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 8: 387–430; Williams, D.J. 1970. The mealybugs (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae) of sugar-cane, rice and sorghum. Bulletin of Entomological Research 60: 109–188; Williams, D.J. 1985. Australian Mealybugs. London : British Museum (Natural History) 431 pp., Miller, D.R. & McKenzie, H.L. 1973. Seventh taxonomic study of North American mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Hilgardia 41: 489–542, Paik, W.H. (ed.) 1978. Illustrated flora and fauna of Korea. Insecta (VI). [Korea] : Min. Education (Samhwa Publ. Co. Ltd) Vol. 22 481 pp., Kawai, S. 1980. Scale insects of Japan in colors. Tokyo : National Agricultural Education Association 455 pp., Cox, J.M. 1987. Pseudococcidae (Insecta: Hemiptera). In, Duval, C.T. (ed). Fauna of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand : DSIR Science Information Publishing Centre Vol. 11 229 pp., Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp., Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1988. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Part 1. The armoured scales (Diaspididae). London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 290 pp., Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C. 1992. Mealybugs of Central and South America. London, England : CAB International Institute of Entomology 635 pp. and by Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp..

SYSTEMATICS

Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1–343 regarded Ferrisicoccus a subjective synonym of Dysmicoccus, because she interpreted that the former differed from the latter only in having more than two spines on the anal lobe cerarius. However, the species of Dysmicoccus do not possess an anal-lobe bar, which is present in species of Ferisicoccus, and the cararri in Dysmicoccus species are with auxiliary setae. Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1–343 regarded Kaicoccus a subjective synonym of Dysmicoccus.