Genus Carolus Kirkaldy, 1906

Museums

Regional Maps

• Carolus Kirkaldy, G.W. 1906. Leafhoppers and their natural enemies. Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association Experimental Station Entomological Series 1(9): 271-479 [401].

  Type species:

   Carolus crispus Kirkaldy, 1906 by monotypy.

  Secondary source:

   Löcker, B., Fletcher, M.J., Larivière, M.-C., Gurr, G.M., Holzinger, W.E. & Löcker, H. 2006. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Gelastocephalini (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Invertebrate Systematics 20: 59-160 [92].

Introduction

A genus of three species of rather unremarkable appearance other than the acutely angled front margin of the head, in lateral view. They are distributed along the east coast from SE Queensland to Sydney in New South Wales.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

NSW, Qld: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)

Diagnosis

Colour Head orange to brown, lateral carinae slightly paler; pronotum yellow brown; mesonotum orange brown to mid brown; legs light brown to mid brown; forewing hyaline grey with light brown areas and row of light to mid brown marks starting around nodus of Y-vein and extending obliquely across wing to distad third of costa, veins concolorous with cells, tubercles mid brown; abdominal sternites mid to dark brown, intersegmental membranes orange. Morphology Body length. ♂ 6.3–6.6 mm, ♀ 5.56–7.61 mm. Head. Tip of head acutely angled in lateral view. Vertex produced before eyes by 1/2–3/4 of an eye length; apex broadly rounded; caudal border u-shaped; lateral carinae strongly elevated; median carina ~1/2 as long as vertex. Frons with its maximum width around centre of frontoclypeal suture; lateral carinae double s-shaped, slightly elevated, lateral margins foliaceous, concealing base of antennae; median carina incomplete. Frontoclypeal suture semicircular, median part reaching almost to lower margin of antennal scape; postclypeus withwell developed lateral carinae and median carina. Thorax. Pronotum with sinuate carinae; hind margin rectangular. Forewing 3.5–4.0× longer than wide; concavity at costal border present; Sc+R+M forming common stem; r–m1 distad of fork of MA–MP. Hind tibia with six apical teeth in row interrupted by a wide gap; 1st tarsomere with seven apical teeth and no platellae. Male genitalia. styles variable; pair of spines and moderately to strongly curved spine present on base of phallotheca. (Löcker et al. 2006)

ID Keys

Fletcher, M.J., Löcker, B., Larivière, M.C. and Löcker, H. (2006). Illustrated Key to the Australian Genera of the Planthopper Tribe Gelastocephalini (Hemiptera: Cixiidae: Fulgoromorpha) http://www1.dpi.nsw.gov.au/keys/fulgor/cixiid/gelastocephalini/gel00.htm

Diagnosis References

Löcker, B., Fletcher, M.J., Larivière, M.-C., Gurr, G.M., Holzinger, W.E. & Löcker, H. 2006. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Gelastocephalini (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Invertebrate Systematics 20: 59-160 [92]

General References

Löcker, B., Fletcher, M.J., Larivière, M.-C., Gurr, G.M., Holzinger, W.E. & Löcker, H. 2006. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the Gelastocephalini (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Invertebrate Systematics 20: 59-160 [92]

History of changes