Species Varanus tristis (Schlegel, 1839)
Black-headed Monitor
- Monitor tristis Schlegel, H. 1839. Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständing bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen, herausgegeben und mit einem erläuternden Text begleitet. Dusseldorf : Arnz xiv 141 pp. 50 pls. [monograph published in parts during the period 1837-1844] [73].
Type data:
Status unknown, Swan River, WA. - Odatria punctata Gray, J.E. 1838. A catalogue of the slender-tongued saurians, with descriptions of many new genera and species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1: 388-394 [394] [junior secondary homonym of Varanus punctatus Merrem, 1820].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH i.3a, Shark Bay, WA. - Varanus punctatus orientalis Fry, D.B. 1913. On a Varanus and a frog from Burnett River, Queensland, and a revision of the variations in Limnodynastes dorsalis Gray. Records of the Australian Museum 10: 17-34 [18, figs 7, 9].
Type data:
Holotype AM R5313, Eidsvold, upper Burnett River, QLD. - Varanus (Odatria) tristis centralis Mertens, R. 1957. Two new goannas from Australia. Western Australian Naturalist 5: 183-185 [185].
Type data:
Holotype SMF 11632, Hermannsburg, Finke River, NT. - Varanus occidentalis Zinniker, W. 1961. Australische Freunde. Aquaria (St. Gallen) 2: 15-17 [16] [nom. dub.].
Type data:
Status unknown, whereabouts unknown, locality unknown.Type locality references:
Mertens, R. 1963. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Lanthanotidae. Das Tierreich 79: i-x 1-26.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. In, Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [133]
Generic Combinations
- Varanus tristis orientalis (Fry, 1913). —
Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8: 237-293 [291] - Varanus tristis tristis (Schlegel, 1839). —
Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8: 237-293 [287]
Introduction
Results of some studies do not support the recognition of subspecies within V. tristis (e.g. Fitch et al. (2006), Pianka (2004)) while the results of Brennan et al. (2021) suggest that V. tristis tristis is more closely related to an undescribed monitor from northern NT than to V. tristis orientalis (Fry, 1913) although few specimens were included in that study. We follow the ASH in treating V. tristis as monotypic until further studies can be conducted
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NSW, NT, Qld, SA, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Finke (FIN), Gascoyne (GAS), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Northern Kimberley (NK), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: Bulloo River basin, Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin
- Northern Territory: Lake Eyre basin, N Gulf, N coastal, W plateau
- Queensland: Bulloo River basin, Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, N Gulf, NE coastal
- South Australia: Lake Eyre basin, W plateau
- Western Australia: N coastal, NW coastal, SW coastal, W plateau
Ecological Descriptors
Arboreal, desert, diurnal, hummock grassland, low open shrubland, low open woodland, low shrubland, low woodland, open scrub, oviparous, predator, saxicoline, tall open shrubland, tall shrubland, tussock grassland.
General References
Brennan, I., Lemmon, A.R., Lemmon, E.M., Portik, D.M., Weijola, W., Welton, L., Donnellan, S.C. & Keogh, J.S. 2021. Phylogenomics of Monitor lizards and the role of competition in dictating body size disparity. Systematic Biology 70(1): 120-132
Christian, T. 1981. Varanus tristis a variable monitor. Herpetofauna 12: 7-12 (natural history)
Cogger, H.G., in Cogger, H.G., Cameron, E.E. & Cogger, H.M. 1983. Amphibia and Reptilia. 313 pp. in Walton, D.W. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 1 vi + 313 pp. [133] (did not identify subspecies, but synonymised all names currently under the two subspecies)
Fitch, A.J., Goodman, A.E. & Donnellan, S.C. 2006. A molecular phylogeny of the Australian monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Australian Journal of Zoology 54: 253-269
Fyfe, G. 1979. Notes on the black-headed monitor (Varanus tristis). Herpetology Society Newsletter 13: 17-18 (natural history)
Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). Dritter Teil: Taxonomie. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 466: 235-391 (taxonomy)
Mertens, R. 1958. Bemerkungen über die Warane Australiens. Senckenbergiana Biologica 39: 229-264 (taxonomy)
Pianka, E. 2004. Varanus tristis. pp. 477-487 in Pianka, E. & King, D. Varanoid lizards of the world. Bloomington : Indiana University Press pp. 608.
Pianka, E.R. 1971. Notes on the biology of Varanus tristis. Western Australian Naturalist 11: 180-182 (natural history)
Pianka, E.R. 1982. Observations on the ecology of Varanus in the Great Victoria Desert. Western Australian Naturalist 15: 1-8
Storr, G.M. 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 8: 237-293 (taxonomy)
Common Name References
Clayton, M., Wombey, J.C., Mason, I.J., Chesser, R.T. & Wells, A. 2006. CSIRO List of Australian Vertebrates: A Reference with Conservation Status. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing iv 162 pp. [40] (Black-headed Monitor)
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
07-Feb-2024 | LACERTILIA | 25-Nov-2022 | MODIFIED | |
07-Feb-2024 | 16-Aug-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
08-Mar-2011 | 08-Mar-2011 | MODIFIED | ||
12-Feb-2010 | (import) |