Subspecies Uhleria araucariae araucariae (Maskell, 1879)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Eriococcus araucariae Maskell, W.M. 1879. On some Coccidae in New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 11[1878]: 187-228 [218].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) CMNZ Female, New Zealand: South Island, Governor's Bay, near Christchurch, 1879.

 

Generic Combinations

• Uhleria araucariae araucariae (Maskell, 1879). —
  Kozar, F., Kaydan, M.B., Konczne Benedicty, Z., Szita, E. 2013. Acanthococcidae and Related Families of the Palaearctic Region. Budapest : Hungarian Academy of Sciences 680 pp. [580]

 

Ecological Descriptors

Sap-feeder.

 

ID Keys

(Hodgson, C.J. & Miller, D.R., 2002) [193] (female; key to adult females of genera and species of Eriococcidae known from Chile); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [228] (adult female; as Acanthococcus araucariae; Acanthococcus species of northeastern North America); (Tang, F.T. & Hao, J., 1995) [520, 654] (adult female; as Rhizococcus araucariae; Rhizococcus species); (Gill, R.J., 1993) [156] (adult female; as Acanthococcus araucariae; Acanthococcus species of California); (Miller, D.R. & Miller, G.L., 1992) [3] (adult female; as Acanthococcus araucariae; North American species of Acanthococcus); (Miller, D.R. & González, R.H., 1975) [138] (adult female; Eriococcus species of Chile); (Danzig, E.M., 1971) [822] (female; as Rhizococcus araucariae; key to species of family Eriococcidae); (Afifi, S., 1968) [203] (adult female); (Danzig, E.M., 1964) [632] (adult female; as Rhizococcus araucariae; Rhizococcus species of USSR); (Hoy, J.M., 1962) [31] (adult female; New Zealand species of Eriococcidae); (Ferris, G.F., 1955) [95-97] (adult female; North American species of Eriococcus).

 

GENERAL

An early description and illustration are provided by Ferris, G.F. 1955. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, v. 7, the Families Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Conchaspididae Dactylopiidae and Lacciferidae. iii. Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press 233 pp. and subsequent detailed description and illustration are provided by Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1990. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 267 pp. and by Miller, D.R. & Miller, G.L. 1992. Systematic analysis of Acanthococcus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) in the western United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 118(1): 1–106. Miller, D.R. & Miller, G.L. 1993. Description of a new genus of scale insect with a discussion of relationships among families related to the Kermesidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Systematic Entomology 18(3): 237–251 also deal with the relationships of this species. Citation list is not complete because this species is cited in hundreds of places.

SYSTEMATICS

Slide-mounted adult female with: marginal enlarged setae noticeably longer than other dorsal setae; enlarged setae with truncate apices; microtubular ducts with bifurcate orifice; hind tibia with 4 setae, front tibia with 5 (see Miller, D.R. & Miller, G.L. 1992. Systematic analysis of Acanthococcus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae) in the western United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 118(1): 1–106).

ECONOMIC AND CONTROL

A widespread ornamental pest, E. araucariae has been carried all over the world, but is most likely from Australia (see Hoy, J.M. 1962. Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of New Zealand. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 146: 1–219).

STRUCTURE

Newly mature adult female brownish-yellow with 1 pair of purple stripes on sublateral area of dorsum; old females purple. Eggs are yellow (see Miller, D.R. & González, R.H. 1975. A taxonomic analysis of the Eriococcidae of Chile. Revista Chilena de Entomología 9: 131–163). Ovisac felted, oval, white and covering insect (see Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1990. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 267 pp.).

 

General References

Abou-Elkhair, S. 2001. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and their parasitoids on ornamental plants in Alexandria, Egypt. Entomologica 33[1999]: 185-195 [187] (distribution, host)

Afifi, S. 1968. Morphology and taxonomy of the adult males of the families Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). British Museum (Natural History), 2nd Report on Economic Zoology 13: 3-210 [8, 26, 167-171] (description, structure, illustration, taxonomy)

Ali, S.M. 1970. A catalogue of the Oriental Coccoidea. (Part III.) (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea). Indian Museum Bulletin 5: 9-94 [76] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Almeida, D.M. de 1974. Contribution to a listing of the Coccoidea of Mozambique. Acta Biologica B 12: 49-68 [60] (distribution, host)

Arnett, R.H. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 850 pp. [239] (distribution, economic importance)

Baeta Neves, C.M. 1947. [Some insects that damage trees of Sintra.] Alguns insectos prejudiciais nos arvoredos de Sintra. Revista Agronomica. Lisbon 35: 128-142 [134] (taxonomy)

Baeta Neves, C.M. 1954. A entomafauna exoticas em Portugal. Portugaliae Acta Biologica 4: 191-196 [192] (distribution, host)

Balachowsky, A.S. 1927. Contribution à l'étude des coccides de l'Afrique mineure (1re note). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 96: 175-207 [188] (host, distribution)

Balachowsky, A.S. 1930. Contribution à l'étude des coccides de France (3e note). Coccides nouveaux ou peu connus de la faune de France. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1930: 178-184 [184] (distribution, host)

Balachowsky, A.S. 1939. Les cochenilles de Madère (seconde partie). II. Lecaniinae – Eriococcinae – Dactylopinae – Ortheziinae – Margarodidae. Revue de Pathologie Végétale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France 25: 255-272 [267] (distribution, host)

Balachowsky, A.S. 1946. Étude biogéographique des Coccoidea des Iles Atlantides (Canaries et Madère). Mémoires de la Société Biogéographique 8: 209-218 [216] (distribution)

Ballou, C.H. 1926. Los cóccidos de Cuba y sus plantas hospederas. Boletín Estación Experimental Agronómica, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba 51: 1-47 [22] (distribution, host)

Ballou, C.H. 1936. Insectos observados durante el año 1934. C.N.A. Boletín Centro Nacional de Agricultura. Costa Rica 20: 1-60 [6] (distribution, host)

Ballou, C.H. 1945. Notas sobre insectos daninos observados en Venezuela—1938–43—Coccidae. Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Inter-American Agriculture, Caracas 34: 1-151 [14, 92] (distribution, host)

Barbagallo, S., Binazzi, A., Bolchi Serini, G., Conci, C., Longo, S., Marotta, S., Martelli, M., Patti, I., Pellizzari, G., Rapidsarda, C. & Russo, A. 1995. Homoptera Sternorrhyncha. In, Minelli, A., Ruffo, S. & La Posta, S. (eds). Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 43. Bologna : Calderini 50 pp. [42] (distribution)

Bartlett, B.R. 1978. Eriococcidae. In, Clausen, C.P. (ed.). Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review. Washington, D.C. : Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture 545 pp. [129] (biological control, distribution, host)

Ben-Dov, Y. 1985. Coccoidea. pp. 168-175 in Scholtz, C.H. & Holm, E. (eds). Insects of Southern Africa. Durban : Butterworths 502 pp. [175] (taxonomy)

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Bodenheimer, F.S. 1953. The Coccoidea of Turkey. III. Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Istanbul B 18: 91-164 [116-117, 159] (description, distribution, host,)

Borchsenius, N.S. 1949. Insects Homoptera. suborders mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Family mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). Vol. VII. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR 38: 1-382 [7, 383] (description, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Borchsenius, N.S. 1950. Mealybugs and Scale Insects of USSR (Coccoidea). Moscow : Akademii Nauk SSSR, Zoological Institute Vol. 32 250 pp. [123] (distribution, host)

Borchsenius, N.S. 1963. Practical guide to the determination of scale insects of cultivated plants and forest trees of the USSR. Akademii Nauk (SSR) Zoologicheskogo Instituta Leningrad. 311 pp. [280, 281] (host)

Borchsenius, N.S. 1973. Practical determination of scale insects (Coccoidea) of cultivated plants and trees of the USSR. Akademii Nauk SSSR Zoologicheskogo Instituta Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 81: 1-311 [280] (host)

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Brick, C. 1910. Bericht die tätigkeit der abteilung für Pflanzenschutz für die zeit vom 9 Juli 1909 Bis 30 Juni 1910. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 27: 499-519 [506] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Brick, C. 1912. [Examination of fresh fruit.] Untersuchung des frischen Obstes. Bericht über die Tätigkeit der Abteilung für Pflanzenschutz 14: 1-22 [6] (host)

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Bruner, S.C., Scaramuzza, L.C. & Otero, A.R. 1945. Catálogo de los insectos que atacan a las plantas económicas de Cuba. Boletín Estación Experimental Agronómica, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba 63: 1-246 [16] (distribution, host)

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Carnes, E.K. 1907. The Coccidae of California. Second Biennial Report of the Commissioner of Horticulture of the State of California [1905–1906]: 155-222 [172] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Charlin, C.R. 1972. [Geographic distribution, host plants and new identifications of coccids in Chile.]. Revista Peruana del Entomología Agrícola 15: 215-218 [216] (distribution, host)

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Cohic, F. 1956. Parasites animaux des plantes cultivées on Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances. O.R.S.T.O.M., Institut Française d'Oceanie, Nouméa [1956]: 1-92 [3, 53] (host)

Cohic, F. 1958. Contribution à l'étude des cochenilles d'intérêt economique de Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances. Documents Techniques de la Commission du Pacifique Sud 116: 1-35 [8, 20] (distribution, host)

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Colvée, P. 1882. Nuevos estudios sobre algunos insectos de la familia de los coccidos. Valencia. 16 pp. [7-10] (description, host, taxonomy)

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Comstock, J.H. 1883. Second report on scale insects, including a monograph of the sub-family Diaspidinae of the family Coccidae and a list, with notes of the other species of scale insects found in North America. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, Department of Entomology Report 2: 47-142 [137] (host, taxonomy)

Cooke, M. 1881. Scale insects injurious to fruit and other trees. pp. 28-47 in Cooke, M. (ed.). A treatise on the insects injurious to fruit and fruit trees of the state of California and remedies recommended for their extermination. Sacramento, California : State Office. [41] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Costa Lima, A. 1927. Segundo catalogo systematico dos insectos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil e ensaio de bibliographia entomologica brasileira. Archivos da Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinaria. Rio de Janeiro 8: 69-301 [105] (distribution, host)

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Costa Lima, A. 1936. Terceiro catálogo dos insectos que vivem nas plantas do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro : Directoria de Estatistica da Produccao 460 pp. [178] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

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Danzig, E.M. 1964. 5. Suborder Coccinea — Coccids or mealybugs and scale insects. Akademii Nauk SSSR Zoologicheskogo Instituta Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 1: 616-654 [632] (taxonomy)

Danzig, E.M. 1971. Suborder Coccinea — coccids or mealybugs and scale insects. In, Bei-Bienko, G.Y. (ed.). Keys to the Insects of the European USSR. Vol. 1. Moscow : Acad. Sci. USSR, Zool. Inst. [822] (taxonomy)

Deitz, L.L. & Tocker, M.F. 1980. W.M. Maskell's Homoptera: Species-group names and type-material. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. Information Series 146: 1-76 [5, 45] (distribution, taxonomy)

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Essig, E.O. 1915. Injurious and beneficial insects of California. California State Printing Office. 2nd edn. 541 pp. [120] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Essig, E.O. 1926. Insects of Western North America. New York : Macmillan 1035 pp. [274] (distribution, host)

Essig, E.O. 1931. A History of Entomology. New York : MacMillan 1029 pp. [292, 294, 305, 594] (distribution, host)

Fernald, M.E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1-360 [71] (catalogue, taxonomy)

Fernandes, I.M. 1981. [Coccoidea occurring in the Azores.] Contribuitao para o conhecimento da quermofauna do arquipelago dos Atores. Garcia de Orta. Serie de Zoologia. Lisboa 10: 47-50 [48] (distribution, host)

Ferris, G.F. 1920. Scale insects of the Santa Cruz Peninsula. Stanford University Publications, Biological Sciences 1: 1-57 [16] (description, distribution, host, illlustration, taxonomy)

Ferris, G.F. 1955. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. v. 7. The Families Aclerdidae, Asterolecaniidae, Conchaspididae Dactylopiidae and Lacciferidae. (Part 3). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press Vol. 7(3) 233 pp. [96, 100] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Foldi, I. 2001. [List of scale insects of France (Hemiptera, Coccoidea).] Liste des cochenilles de France (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 106(3): 303-308 [305, 307] (distribution, economic importance)

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Froggatt, W.W. 1916. A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (Coccidae) of Australia. (Part II [in part]). Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 27: 425-430, 568-577, 809-816, 883-888 [427] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Froggatt, W.W. 1921. A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects (Coccidae) of Australia. (Part II [Concl.]). Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, New South Wales 18: 1-159 [72] (description, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Fullaway, D.T. 1920. Natural control of scale insects in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 4: 237-246 [240] (biological control, distribution)

Fullaway, D.T. 1923. Notes on the mealy-bugs of economic importance in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5: 305-321 [305] (taxonomy)

Fullaway, D.T. 1932. Synopsis of the Hawaiian Diaspinae (Coccidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 8: 93-111 [112] (distribution)

Fuller, C. 1901. First report of the government entomologist. 1899–1900. Natal : Department of Agriculture, South Africa 147 pp. [107-108] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Fulmek, L. 1943. Wirtsindex der Aleyrodiden- und Cocciden- Parasiten. Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem 10: 1-100 [32, 56, 60, 72] (biological control, distribution)

Gill, R.J. 1993. The Scale Insects of California: The Minor Families (Homoptera : Coccoidea). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture Part 2. [156, 159] (economic importance, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Girola, C.D. & Araujo, J.J. 1925. [Diseases of plants: list of those observed in Argentina from 1918 to 1923.] Enfermedades de las plantas: lista de las observadas en la República Argentina en los años de 1918 a 1923. Publicación del Museo Agrícola S.R.A. No. 46. [38] (distribution, host)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1935. Notas entomológicas. Un cóccido neuvo de la República Dominicana. Revista de Agricultura y Comercio 27: 2152-2153 [2153] (taxonomy)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1937. Cóccidos de España. Madrid : Instituto de Investigaciones Agronómicas, Estación 432 pp. [346, 350-354, 422] (description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1946. Adiciones a los Cóccidos de España (1a nota). Eos 22: 59-106 [96] (description, distribution, taxonomy)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1957. Adiciones a los cóccidos de España (4a nota). Eos 33: 39-86 [79] (distribution, host)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1958. Distribución geográfica y ensayo de la ecológica de los cóccidos en España. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada (Barcelona) 27: 5-15 [8] (distribution, host)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1967. Lista de Coccoidea de las Islas Canarias (adiciones) (Hemiptera, Homoptera). Eos 43: 131-134 [134] (distribution, host)

Gómez-Menor Ortega, J. 1968. Adiciones a los Coccidos de España VII nota (Hem. Homoptera). Eos 43: 541-563 [552] (distribution, host)

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Gordon, R.D. & Hilburn, D.J. 1990. The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of Bermuda. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 98(3): 265-309 [271] (biological control)

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Goux, L. 1936. Notes sur les coccides [Hem. Coccidae] de la France (14e note). Deux Eriococcus nouveau des environs de Marseille. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 61: 344-356 [356] (taxonomy)

Goux, L. 1944. Contribution à l'étude de la biologie des Eriococcus (Hem. Coccoidae). Régime spécificité alimentaire et races biologiques. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Marseille 4: 135-152 [137] (host, taxonomy)

Green, E.E. 1896. Catalogue of Coccidae collected in Ceylon. Indian Museum Notes 4: 2-10 [7] (distribution, host)

Green, E.E. 1922. The Coccidae of Ceylon. London : Dulau & Co. Vol. 5. [347, 348] (economic importance, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy)

Green, E.E. 1923. Observations on the Coccidae of the Madeira Islands. Bulletin of Entomological Research 14: 87-99 [87] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Green, E.E. 1937. An annotated list of the Coccidae of Ceylon, with emendations and additions to date. Ceylon Journal of Science 20(Section B. Zoology and Geology): 277-341 [296] (economic importance, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hall, W.J. 1922. Observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 22: 1-54 [6-7] (description, distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hall, W.J. 1923. Further observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 36: 1-61 [32] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hall, W.J. 1925. Notes on Egyptian Coccidae with descriptions of new species. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 64: 1-31 [18] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hall, W.J. 1926. Contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 72: 1-41 [36] (distribution, taxonomy)

Hall, W.J. 1937. Observations on the Coccidae of southern Rhodesia. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 86: 119-134 [123] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hartman, F.T. 1916. List of the Coccidae in the collection of the New York State Museum. Bulletin of the New York State Museum (of Natural History) 606: 92-109 [94] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hayward, K.J. 1943. Primera lista de insectos Tucumanos perjudiciales. Publicaciones Misceláneas de la Estación Experimental Agrícola de Tucumán 1: 1-110 [71-72, 81] (distribution, host)

Herting, B. & Simmonds, F.J. 1972. A catalogue of parasites and predators of terrestrial arthropods. U.K. : Farnham Roy. 210 pp. [131] (biological control, distribution, host)

Hodgson, C.J. & Hilburn, D.J. 1990. List of plant hosts of Coccoidea recorded in Bermuda up to 1989. Hamilton, Bermuda : Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Parks Vol. 39 22 pp. [3] (distribution, host)

Hodgson, C.J. & Hilburn, D.J. 1991. An annotated checklist of the Coccoidea of Bermuda. Florida Entomologist 74(1): 133-146 [142] (distribution, host, taxonomy)

Hosny, M. & Ezzat, Y.M. 1957. Further additions of the Coccoidea of Egypt. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 41: 331-333 [331] (distribution, host)

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Hoy, J.M. 1963. A catalogue of the Eriococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea) of the world. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research 150: 1-260 [69-71] (catalogue, distribution, host, taxonomy)

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Common Name References

Naumann, I.D., Ingram, R.J. & Floyd, R. 2002. Australian Insect Common Names, based on CSIRO Handbook of Australian Insect Names. 6th edn 1993. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/. (Felted Pine Coccid)

 

History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
05-Jun-2024	COCCOIDEA	30-Oct-2023	MODIFIED	Dr Vivian Sandoval (ABRS)
21-Nov-2012		01-May-2014	MODIFIED
29-Jun-2012		29-Jun-2012	MODIFIED
		12-Feb-2010	(import)