Genus Trionymus Berg, 1899

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Genus Trionymus Berg, 1899

Trionymus Berg, C. 1899. Substitución de nombres genéricos. III. Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 1: 77-80 [78] [replacement name for Westwoodia Signoret, 1875].
Westwoodia Signoret, V. 1875. Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères – Coccides), 15e partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 5 5: 305-352 [337] [junior homonym of Westwoodia Brulle, 1846].
Type species:
Westwoodia perrisii Signoret, 1875 by monotypy.
Signoretia Kraatz, G. 1888. Signoretia Kraatz statt Westwoodia Sign. Zeitschrift für Deutsche Entomologen 32: 176 [176] [replacement name; junior homonym of Signoretia Stal, 1859 (Hemiptera)].
Bergrothia Kraatz, G. 1888. Synonymische Bemerkung. Zeitschrift für Deutsche Entomologen 32: 360 [360] [substitute name; junior homonym of Bergrothia (Hemiptera)].
Bergrothiella Reitter, E. 1898. Coleopterologische Notizen. LXIII. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung 17: 54-56 [54] [replacement name; junior homonym of Bergrothiella Reitter, 1897].
Pergandiella Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. Some notes on Coccidae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1899: 259-275 [266] [junior subjective synonym of Trionymus Berg, 1899].
Type species:
Pergandiella americana Cockerell, 1899 by original designation.
Bergrothula Strand, E. 1928. Miscellanea nomenclatoria zoologica et palaeontologica, I-II. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 92(A, 8): 30-75 [47] [unjustified replacement name for Trionymus Berg, 1899, see Morrison, H. & Morrison, E.R. 1966. An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture 1015: 1–206 (23)].
Secondary source:
Morrison, H. & Morrison, E.R. 1966. An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture 1015: 1-206.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Morrison, H. & Morrison, E.R. 1966. An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture 1015: 1-206 (synonymy of Pergandiella Cockerell, 1899)

ID Keys

(Danzig, E.M., 1997) [95-96] (female; Palaearctic Region); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [212-213] (female; northeastern North America); (Tang, F.T., 1992) [150-153] (female; species Palaearctic Region); (Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C., 1992) [601] (female; Central and South America); (Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C., 1992) [43] (female; Central and South America); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [697] (female; Far East of Russia); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [704] (female; species Far East Russia); (Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F., 1988) [158-159] (female; species Central Europe); (Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A., 1987) [4] (female; India); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [366] (female; Australia); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [39] (female; Australia); (Wang, L.Y., 1982) [20] (female; China); (Yang, P.L., 1982) [76] (female; China); (Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig], 1980) [178] (female; Far East Russia); (Kawai, S., 1980) [113] (female; Japan); (Tereznikova, E.M., 1975) [263] (female; species Ukraine); (Tereznikova, E.M., 1975) [159] (female; Ukraine & Palaearctic Region); (Miller, D.R. & McKenzie, H.L., 1973) [530-532] (female; North America); (Ter-Grigorian, M.A., 1973) [37] (female; Armenia); (Ter-Grigorian, M.A., 1973) [62-63] (female; Armenia); (Miller, D.R. & McKenzie, H.L., 1971) [595] (female; species North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1967) [47] (female; North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1967) [460-461] (female; North America); (Beardsley, J.W., 1966) [473] (female; species Micronesia); De Lotto 1964 [386] (female; species Africa); (McKenzie, H.L., 1964) [215] (female; world); Ezzat 1962a [68-69] (female; species Egypt); (Williams, D.J., 1962) [58-59] (female; Britain); (McKenzie, H.L., 1961) [48] (female; species North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1960) [765] (female; species North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1953) [284, 285] (female; North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1953) [482-483] (female; North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1950) [22] (female; North America); (Zimmerman, E.C., 1948) [257] (female; species Hawaii)

GENERAL

Good definition and characters given by Green, E.E. 1931. Observations on British Coccidae. – XIII. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 67: 99–106, Goux, L. 1941. Notes sur les Trionymus de la France et sur quelques espèces nouvelles pour la faune Française (Hem. Coccidae) (Notes sur les coccides (Hem. Coccidae) de la France (30e note). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de l'Afrique du Nord 32: 31–44, Ferris in Zimmerman, E.C. 1948. Homoptera: Sternorrhyncha. pp. 268 in Zimmerman, E.C. (ed). Insects of Hawaii. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press Vol. 5 464 pp., Ferris, G.F. 1950. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. (Ser. 5, vol. 5). The Pseudococcidae (Part I). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press 278 pp.; Ferris, G.F. 1953. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, v. 6, The Pseudococcidae (Part II). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press 506 pp., McKenzie, H.L. 1960. Taxonomic study of California mealybugs with descriptions of new species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Hilgardia 29: 681–770, McKenzie, H.L. 1961. Second taxonomic study of California mealybugs, with descriptions of new species (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Hilgardia 31: 15–52, McKenzie, H.L. 1967. Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Cooccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Berkeley : Univ. Calif. Press 526 pp., Ezzat, Y.M. 1962. The genus Trionymus Berg in Egypt. U.A.R. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 46: 67–86, De Lotto, G. 1964. Observations on African mealy bugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 14: 343–397, Beardsley, J.W. 1966. Insects of Micronesia. Homoptera: Coccoidea. Insects of Micronesia 6: 377–562, Miller, D.R. & McKenzie, H.L. 1971. Sixth taxonomic study of North American mealybugs, with additional species from South America (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Hilgardia 40: 565–602, Miller, D.R. & McKenzie, H.L. 1973. Seventh taxonomic study of North American mealybugs (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Hilgardia 41: 489–542 Ter-Grigorian, M.A. 1973. Soft and armored scales (Coccoidea) mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). In Fauna of Armenian SSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armianskoi SSR. Erevan [1973]: 1–246, Tereznikova, E.M. 1975. [Coccids. In, The Fauna of Ukraine.]. Akademii Nauk Ukrains'koi SSR Instituta Zoologicheskogo 20(18): 295, Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1–343, Kawai, S. 1980. Scale insects of Japan in colors. Tokyo : National Agricultural Education Association 455 pp., Yang, P.L. 1982. [General classification of scale insects in China.]. Shanghai : Shanghai Science & Technology 425 pp., Williams, D.J. 1960. The Pseudococcidae (Coccoidea: Homoptera) of the Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 8: 387–430, Williams, D.J. 1962. The British Pseudococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology 12: 1–79, Williams, D.J. 1985. Australian Mealybugs. London : British Museum (Natural History) 431 pp., Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp., Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C. 1992. Mealybugs of Central and South America. London, England : CAB International Institute of Entomology 635 pp. and by Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp..