Genus Toxoplasma Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909
- Toxoplasma Nicolle, C. & Manceaux, L. 1909. Sur un protozoaire nouveau du gondi. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris 148: 369–372.
Type species:
Toxoplasma gondii Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909 by monotypy.
Introduction
Unidentified species recorded from eastern Australia and unspecified regions.
Distribution
IBRA
Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)
IMCRA
Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Ecological Descriptors
Parasitic (host(s): Corvus coronoides (Vigors & Horsfield, 1827) [CORVIDAE] Australian Raven (various tissues)); Perameles sp. [PERAMELIDAE] Bandicoot (various tissues); Macrotis lagotis (Reid, 1837) [THYLACOMYIDAE] Bilby (various tissues); Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) [MURIDAE] Brown Rat (syn. Rattus decumanus Pallus, 1778, Mus decumanus; antibodies (CFT)); Phascogale tapoatafa (Meyer, 1793) [DASYURIDAE] Brush-tailed Phascogale (brain); Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) [PSITTACIDAE] Budgerigar; Rattus sordidus (Gould, 1858) [MURIDAE] Canefield Rat (syn. R. conatus; antibodies (CFT)); Melomys littoralis (Lonnberg, 1916) [MURIDAE] Climbing Rat (antibodies (CFT)); Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) [PHALANGERIDAE] Common Brushtail Possum (brain, heart, antibodies (CFT)); Dugong dugon (Müller, 1776) [DUGONGIDAE] Dugong; Antechinus swainsonii (Waterhouse, 1840) [DASYURIDAE] Dusky Antechinus; Dasyurus viverrinus (Shaw, 1800) [DASYURIDAE] Eastern Quoll (lung); Melomys cervinipes (Gould, 1852) [MURIDAE] Fawn-footed Melomys (brain, antibodies (CFT)); Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) [PASSERIDAE] House Sparrow (leucocytes); Eudyptula minor (Forster, 1781) [SPHENISCIDAE] Little Penguin; Myrmecobius fasciatus Waterhouse, 1836 [MYRMECOBIIDAE] Numbat (various tissues); Falco peregrinus Tunstall, 1771 [FALCONIDAE] Peregrine Falcon; Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Shaw & Nodder, 1799) [ORNITHORHYNCHIDAE] Platypus (heart); Ninox strenua (Gould, 1838) [STRIGIDAE] Powerful Owl (liver, lung); Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) [LEPORIDAE] Rabbit (brain, antibodies (IFAT)); Macropus rufus (Desmarest, 1822) [MACROPODIDAE] Red Kangaroo (syn. Megalia rufus; various organs); Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw & Nodder, 1792) [TACHYGLOSSIDAE] Short-beaked Echidna (brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney); Polytelis swainsonii (Desmarest, 1826) [PSITTACIDAE] Superb Parrot (liver, lung, spleen); Antechinus minimus (Geoffroy, 1803) [DASYURIDAE] Swamp Antechinus; Rattus lutreolus (Gray, 1841) [MURIDAE] Swamp Rat; Podargus strigoides (Latham, 1801) [PODARGIDAE] Tawny Frogmouth, Mopoke; Uromys caudimaculatus (Krefft, 1867) [MURIDAE] White-tailed Rat (antibodies (CFT)); Leucosarcia melanoleuca (Latham, 1801) [COLUMBIDAE] Wonga Pigeon (liver, spleen, intestines, lung); Dasyurus sp. [DASYURIDAE] (various tissues, immunolabelling); Macropus sp. [MACROPODIDAE] (various tissues, antibodies (IHAT)); Pseudocheirus sp. [PETAURIDAE] (various tissues, immunolabelling)).
Extra Ecological Information
Unidentified species of Toxoplasma have been found in the listed parasite hosts.
General References
Beveridge, I. & Spratt, D.M. 2003. Parasites of carnivorous marsupials. pp. 383-396 in Jones, M., Dickman, C. & Archer, M. (eds). Predators with Pouches. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing.
Canfield, P.J., Hartley, W.J. & Dubey, J.P. 1990. Lesions of toxoplasmosis in Australian marsupials. Journal of Comparative Pathology 103: 159-167
Cook, I. & Pope, J.H. 1959. Toxoplasma in Queensland. III. A preliminary survey of animal hosts. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology 37: 253-262
Dubey, J.P. 2002. A review of toxoplasmosis in wild birds. Veterinary Microbiology 106: 121-153
Hackel, D.B., Kinney, T.D. & Wendt, W. 1953. Pathologic lesions in captive wild animals. Laboratory Investigation 2: 154-163
Hartley, W.J. 1993. Central nervous system disorders in the brush-tail possum in eastern Australia. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 33: 44-45
Hartley, W.J. & Dubey, J.P. 1991. Fatal toxoplasmosis in some native Australian birds. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 3: 167-169
Jensen, J.M., Patton, S., Wright, B.G. & Loeffler, D.G. 1985. Toxoplasmosis in marsupials in a zoological collection. Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 16: 129-131
Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp.
Lawrence, J. 1946. Some observations on the plasmodia and other blood parasites of sparrows. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 71: 1-5
Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160
McColl, K.A. 1983. Pathology in captive platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 19: 118-122
McOrist, S. & Smales, L. 1986. Morbidity and mortality of free-living and captive echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw), in Australia. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22: 375-380
Munday, B.L. 1972. A serological survey of some infectious diseases of Tasmanian wildlife. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 8: 169-175
Presidente, P.J.A. 1982. Common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula: maintenance in captivity, blood values, diseases and parasites. pp. 55-66 in Evans, D.D. (ed.). The Management of Australian Mammals in Captivity. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting of the Australian Mammal Society, Healesville, Victoria, February 1979. Melbourne : Zoological Board of Victoria 194 pp.
Presidente, P.J.A. 1984. Parasites and diseases of brushtail possums (Trichosurus spp.): occurrence and significance. pp. 171-190 in Smith, A. & Hume, I. (eds). Possums and Gliders. Sydney : Surrey Beatty & Sons, Australian Mammal Society 598 pp.
Ratcliffe, H. & Worth, C.B. 1951. Toxoplasmosis in captive wild birds and mammals. American Journal of Pathology 27: 655-667
Reece, R.L., Scott, P.C. & Barr, D.A. 1992. Some unusual diseases in the birds of Victoria, Australia. Veterinary Record 130: 178-185
Riemann, H.P., Behymer, D.E., Fowler, M.E., Schulz, T., Lock, A., Orthoefer, J.G., Silverman, S. & Franti, C.E. 1974. Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in captive exotic mammals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 165: 798-800
Speare, R., Donovan, J.A., Thomas, A.D. & Speare, P.J. 1989. Diseases of free-ranging Macropodoidea. pp. 705-734 in Grigg, G., Jarman, P. & Hume, I. (eds). Kangaroos, Wallabies and Rat-Kangaroos. Sydney : Australian Mammal Society and Surrey Beatty 835 pp.
Wickham, N. & Carne, H.R. 1950. Toxoplasmosis in domestic animals in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 26: 1-3
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03-Dec-2014 | APICOMPLEXA Levine, 1970 | 03-Jul-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 26-Jul-2012 | 26-Jul-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 23-Aug-2011 | ADDED |