Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states,
drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and
IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be
reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the
entire distribution. See further details below.
IMCRA
Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
Australian Region
Australia
200 m bathymetric:
Central W coast, Great Barrier Reef, Lower W coast, N coast, NE coast, NW coast
Federated States of Micronesia
Oriental Region
West Pacific Ocean
General References
Rowe, F.W.E. in Rowe, F.W.E. & Gates, J. 1995. Echinodermata.In,Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 33. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia xiii 510 pp. [Date published 30 May 1995] ( (451) argued that in 1907 he designated Synapta nigra Semper as the type species of Chondrocloea and therefore Heding's 1928 recording of Synapta indivisa Semper as the 'genotype' of Chondrocloea was incorrect. However, (81) refers to a discussion on the genera by (718). Fisher, in fact, lists Synapta indivisa as type species of Chondrocloea. Fisher's paper was published on June 29, 1907, so this publication appears to predate the monograph on apodous holothurians by H.L. Clark in the same year. Clark (1946) however records the date of this publication as 1908, although the title page gives 1907. It can therefore be accepted that Fisher's (1907) publication of Synapta indivisa as type species of Chondrocloea and Heding's (1928) record of the same are correct and that H.L. Clark appears to have misrepresented Fisher's action even though Fisher's work was available to him. If this were not the case, then since Heding (1931) considers Synpata nigra to be congeneric with Pendekaplectana grisea, the type species of Pendekaplectana Heding, 1931, Chondrocloea would replace Pendekaplectana and therefore Polyplectana H.L. Clark, 1908 (type species Synapta kefersteini) into which synonymy Pendekaplectana has been placed in this work. Although giving no reason, Clark (1946) states of Synaptula that '...it is now generally agreed that this genus is valid and monotypic. Östergren's proposed name must then be used for the East Indian group of species'. Clark (1946) then refers the species occurring in Australian waters to Chondrocloea. FWER is unaware of any subsequent support for this action so that he has preferred to follow Heding (1928) in the use of the name Synaptula. However, the Indo-Pacific species included in the genus by Heding (1928 & 1931) are in urgent need of reassessment since Heding described a number of species based on single specimens and often fragmented material)
History of changes
Note that this list may be incomplete for dates prior to September 2013.
