Species Pinna bicolor Gmelin, 1791
Bicoloured Pinna Shell, Common Razor Clam, Menke's Razor Shell, Razor Fish / Razor Back, Southern Razor Shell
Compiler and date details
December 2010 - Peter U. Middelfart, Winston F. Ponder & Des Beechey, Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Pinna bicolor Gmelin J.F. 1791. Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer Vermes. Vol. 1(Part 6) pp. 3021–3910. [officially regarded by the ICZN Opinion 296 (26 Oct 1954) as the 13th edition of Systema Naturae] [3366] [refers to Chemnitz 1785: pl. 90, fig. 778; according to Huber (2010) this species is endemic to the Red Sea and not found in Australian waters].
Type data:
Status unknown, Red Sea. - Pinna dolabrata Lamarck, J.B. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 6(1) 343 pp. [Date published July 1819] [133] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species restricted to South Australia].
Type data:
Syntype(s) GMNH, Gulf St Vincent, South Australia. - Pinna atropurpurea Sowerby, G.B. (1st) 1825. A catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville : arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system: together with an appendix, containing descriptions of many new species. London : printed by E.J. Stirling for G.B. Sowerby vii, 92 pp. + appendix of xxiv pp. + coloured plates. [5] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species, but not found in Australian waters].
Type data:
Neotype BMNH, Trincomali, Ceylon.Secondary source:
Wilkins, G.L. 1953. Notes from the British Museum. I. Pinna. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 30(1-2): 23-29 (notes on specimen). - Pinna trigonium Dunker, 1852 [figured in Dunker 1858: p. 27, pl. 8; according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species, but not found in Australian waters].
Type data:
Holotype Indiae orientales. - Pinna electrina Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 14, fig. 25] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species, but not found in Australian waters].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Moluccas. - Pinna madida Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 17, fig. 31] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species found in northern Australia and NE Queensland to Keppel Bay].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Port Essington, New Holland. - Pinna fumata Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 15, figs. 27, 28] [not Australian; synonym of Pinna trigonium].
Type data:
Lectotype BMNH B.M. 1952.8.29.23, San Nicholas, Island of Zebu (Cebu), Philippines
Comment: Hanley MS, original ref. seen. - Pinna mutica Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 18, fig. 33] [not Australian; synonym of Pinna atropurpurea].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Island of Negros, Philippines. - Pinna menkei Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 18, fig. 34] [Hanley MS; according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species endemic to eastern Australia].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Port Jackson, Sydney, NSW, Australia. - Pinna euglypta Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 20, figs. 37, 38] [not Australian; synonym of Pinna atropurpurea].
Type data:
Lectotype BMNH B.M. 1952.8.29.19, Amboyne. - Pinna vespertina Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 23, fig. 44] [not Australian; synonym of Pinna atropurpurea].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH. - Pinna attenuata Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 24, fig. 46] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species of the Indo-west Pacific including eastern Australia].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Moluccas. - Pinna regia Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 30, fig. 56] [Hanley MS; not Australian; synonym of Pinna angustata].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Amboyne. - Pinna rostellum Hanley, S. 1858. Description of new Pinnae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 16: 225-228, 254-255 [227] [not Australian; Huber did not locate type in the British Museum and did not treat this species].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Insulae Indicae. - Pinna fimbriatula Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 33, fig. 63] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species, but not found in Australian waters].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Japan. - Pinna stutchburii Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 33, fig. 64] [according to Huber (2010) synonym of Pinna attenuata].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH, Moreton Bay, Qld, Australia. - Pinna inermis Tate, R. 1887. Descriptions of some new species of South Australian marine and fresh-water Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia 9: 62-75 [p. 71, pl. 4, fig. 5] [according to Huber (2010) synonym of Pinna dolabrata].
Type data:
Syntype(s) SAMA 14607, Eucla, south-east WA, Australia. - Pinna rollei Clessin, S., Küster, H.C. & Dunker, W. 1891. Die Familie Mallacea. pp. 73-108 in Kobelt, W. (ed). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Nürnberg : Bauer und Raspe Vol. 8. [p. 77, pl. 30, fig. 1] [not treated by Huber (2010)].
- Pinna molluccensis Clessin, S., Küster, H.C. & Dunker, W. 1891. Die Familie Mallacea. pp. 73-108 in Kobelt, W. (ed). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Nürnberg : Bauer und Raspe Vol. 8. [82, pl. 33, fig. 1] [replacement name; new name for P. angustana Reeve, 1858, not P. angustana Lamarck, 1819; according to Huber (2010) this is a synonym of Pinna angustana].
Type data:
Status unknown, Moluccas. - Pinna atrata Clessin, S., Küster, H.C. & Dunker, W. 1891. Die Familie Mallacea. pp. 73-108 in Kobelt, W. (ed). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Nürnberg : Bauer und Raspe Vol. 8. [p. 83, pl. 32, fig. 1] [not treated by Huber (2010)].
Type data:
Status unknown, locality unknown. - Pinna epica Jousseaume, F. 1894. Descriptions de mollusques nouveaux. Le Naturaliste 8: 228-229 [229] [according to Huber (2010) this is a valid species, but not found in Australian waters].
Type data:
Status unknown, Japan. - Pinna cochlearis Fischer, H. 1901. Liste des coquilles recueillies par M. de Gennes a Djibouti et Ali-Sabieh, avec la description de plusiers formes nouvelles. Journal de Conchyliologie 49: 96-130, pl. 4 [126, pl. 4, fig. 13] [synonym of Pinna bicolor].
Type data:
Status unknown, Dijibouti [French Somaliland]. - Pinna natalensis Smith, E.A. 1906. On South African marine mollusca, with descriptions of new species. Annals of the Natal Government Museum 1(1): 19-71, pls 17-18 [60, pl. 8, fig. 9] [according to Huber (2010) synonym of Pinna sanguinolenta, a South African endemic].
Type data:
Status unknown, BMNH, Durban, South Africa. - Pinna isosceles Hedley, C. 1924. A Revision of the Australian Pinnidae. Records of the Australian Museum 14: 141-153 [145, pl. 19, fig. 1] [according to Huber (2010) this is a synoym of Pinna menkei].
Type data:
Holotype AM C.44611 dry, Sydney, North Harbour, NSW [33°48‘28.8‘S, 151°16‘30‘E]. - Pinna menkei caviterga Hedley, C. 1924. A Revision of the Australian Pinnidae. Records of the Australian Museum 14: 141-153 [147, pl. 29, fig. 8] [according to Huber (2010) this is a synoym of Pinna menkei].
Type data:
Holotype AM C.47204 dry, Fraser Island, QLD [24°58‘58.8‘S, 153°13‘58.8‘E]. - Pinna densicostata Turton, W.H. 1932. The Marine Shells of Port Alfred, South Africa. London : Oxford University Press 331 pp., 70 pls. [219, pl. 56, fig. 1520] [not treated by Huber (2010)].
Type data:
Status unknown, OUM, Port Alfred, South Africa.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Rosewater, J. 1961. The family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1(4): 175-226 [196-198] (the synonymy has not bee fully updated since the split of P. deltodes from this species, and hence some incorrect synonyms may exist)
Miscellaneous Literature Names
- Pinna angustana Lamarck, 1819 [in Reeve, 1858; misidentification; not P. angustana Lamarck, 1819, from the Mediterranean. Replacement name errected by Clessin, 1891 (see synonymy)]. —
Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Pinna. pls 2-32 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 11. [pl. 27, fig. 51] (misidentification; not P. angustana Lamarck, 1819, from the Mediterranean. Replacement name errected by Clessin, 1891 (see synonymy)) - Pinna cumingii Hanley, 1860 [misidentification; not P. cumingii "Hanley" in Reeve, 1858 (= Atrina maura Sowerby, from Eastern Pacific)]. —
Clessin, S., Küster, H.C. & Dunker, W. 1891. Die Familie Mallacea. pp. 73-108 in Kobelt, W. (ed). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Nürnberg : Bauer und Raspe Vol. 8. [55, pl. 23, fig. 1]
Introduction
According to Huber (2010) Pinna bicolor is now endemic to the Red Sea and does not occur in Australian waters. Howerver, P. bicolor is retained here until further studies can determine, with some certainity, the placement of this complex species.
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Indo-West Pacific including Hawaii
IMCRA
Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)
Ecological Descriptors
Intertidal, marine, mud bottom–marine, sand bottom marine.
Extra Ecological Information
Deeply embedded in substate and attaced by byssus to anchoring debris or rock
General References
Beer, A.C. 2006. Spat collection, growth and meat yield of Pinna bicolor (Gmelin) in suspended culture in northern Australia. Aquaculture 258(1-4): 424-429
Butler, A.J. 1987. Ecology of Pinna bicolor Gmelin (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in Gulf of St Vincent, South Australia: density, reproductive cycle, recruitment, growth and mortality at three sites. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 743-769
Butler, A.J. & Brewster, F.J. 1979. Size distribution and growth of the Fan-shell Pinna bicolor Gmelin (Mollusca: Eulamellibranchia) in South Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 30: 25-39
Butler, A.J. & Keough, M.L. 1981. Distribution of Pinna bicolor Gmelin (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in South Australia, with observations of recruitment. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 105(1-2): 29-39
Coleman, N. 1981. What shell is that? Sydney : Lansdowne Press, Sydney 308 pp. [34, pl. 75]
Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [80, fig. 68] (as P. dolabrata; p. 81, fig. 69 as Subitopinna virgata)
Fischer-Piette, E. 1974. Revison des Pinnidae du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Journal de Conchyliologie 111(1-2): 11-88 [24-33] (extensive bibliography and discussion of species)
Habe, T. 1953. Notes on the type specimens of three species of Japanese molluscs described by F. Jousseaume. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 2 3: 169-172 [170, pl. 9, figs, 1, 2] (as Atrina (Servatrina) epica)
Habe, T. 1953. Pinnidae, Placunidae, Anomiidae in Japan. pp. 185-200 in Kuroda, T. (ed.). Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese Shells. Vol. 24. [185, pl. 27, fig. 13] (as Pinna (Cyrtopinna) attenuata)
Habe, T. 1964. Shells of the western Pacific in color. Osaka : Hoikusha Vol. 2 233 pp., 66 pls. [171, pl. 52, fig. 2] (p. 172, pl. 52, fig. 9 as Pinna (Exitopinna) epica)
Hedley, C. 1924. A Revision of the Australian Pinnidae. Records of the Australian Museum 14: 141-153 [142] (as P. attenuata; p. 143 as P. fumata; p. 144, pl. 20, fig. 9, pl. 21, figs 14, 15 as Subitopinna dolabrata; p. 145, pl. 19, fig. 1 as P. isosceles; p. 146 as P. dolabrata; p. 147, pl. 19, figs 2, 3 as Subitopinna menkei; p. 147, pl. 20, fig. 8 as Subitopinna menkei var. caviterga; p. 149, fig. pl. 19, figs 4, 5 as P. virgata)
Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [312] (as Subitopinna menkei; 313 as P. virgata and Subitopinna madida; 314 as Cyrtopinna stutchburri)
Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [9]
Kay, A.M. & Keough, M.J. 1981. Occupation of patches in the epi-faunal communities on pier pilings and the bivalve Pinna bicolor at Edithburgh, South Australia. Oecologia (Berlin) 48(1): 123-130
Keough, M.J. 1984. Dynamics of the epifauna of the bivalve Pinna bicolor: interactions among recruitment, predation, and competition. Ecology 65(3): 677-688
Lamprell, K. & Whitehead, T. 1992. Bivalves of Australia. Bathurst, New South Wales : Crawford House Press Vol. 1 xiv 182 pp. [14, pl. 5, fig. 26]
Ludbrook, N.H. 1984. Quaternary molluscs of South Australia. South Australian Department of Mines and Energy, Handbook 9: 1-327 [154, figs 38c, d]
McMichael, D.F. 1960. Shells of the Australian sea-shore. Brisbane : Jacaranda Press 127 pp., 287 figs. [Date published December] [20, fig. 10] (as P. menkei)
Morton, B. 1987. Temporal host segregation by Anchistus custos and Conchodytes monodactylus (Crustacea; Pontoniinae) of Pinna bicolor (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) in Hong Kong. Asian Marine Biology 4: 129-140
Odhner, N.H. 1917. Results of Dr E. Mjöbergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia. 1910–1913, pt XVII, Mollusca. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 52(16): 1–115 pls 1–3 [Date published 19 Sept. 1917] [52, no. 16, pl. 7]
Odhner, N.H. 1919. Contribution à la faune malacologique de Madagascar. Arkiv för Zoologi 12(6): 1-52 [Date published 29 Dec 1919] [3, fig. 1]
Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [58, pl. 8]
Reid, R.G.B. & D.G. Brand 1989. Giant kidneys and metal-sequestering nephroliths in the bivalve Pinna bicolor, with comparative notes on Atrina vexillum. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 126: 95-117
Rosewater, J. 1961. The family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1(4): 175-226 [193-199, pls 147-153] (synonymy used herein with the exception of synonyms relating to P. deltodes see Scheltema (1983))
Satyamurti, S.T. 1956. Mollusca of Krusadai Is. II. Scaphopoda, Pelecypoda, and Cephalopoda. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, Natural History ns 1(no. 2, pt 7): 202 pp., 30 pls [55, pl. 8, fig. 2] (p. 54, pl. 8, fig. 1 as P. atropurpurea)
Scheltema, A. 1983. Pinna deltodes Menke newly described and differentiated from P. bicolor Gmelin (Bivalvia, Pterioida). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australasia 6: 37-52 (publication followed herein to extract synonyms from P. bicolor em>sensu Rosewater (1961) to P. deltodes)
Smith, E.A. 1891. Marine Shells from Aden. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 430-432 [433]
Tate, R. 1887. Descriptions of some new species of South Australian marine and fresh-water Mollusca. Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia 9: 62-75 [71, pl. 4, fig. 5] (as P. inermis)
Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. Seashells of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp. [154, pl. 571]
Winckworth, R. 1929. Marine mollusca from South India and Ceylon, III. Pinna. With an index to the recent species of Pinna. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 18: 276-297 [286]
Common Name References
Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [269] (for Pinna dolabrata) (Menke's Razor Shell, Southern Razor Shell)
Coleman, N. 1981. What shell is that? Sydney : Lansdowne Press, Sydney 308 pp. [34, pl. 75] (according to author, also sometimes called a Razor Clam) (Bicoloured Pinna Shell)
Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [80-81] (for Pinna dolabrata) (Razor Fish / Razor Back)
Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [p.38, pl.39D] (Common Razor Clam)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22-Aug-2023 | BIVALVIA | 22-Aug-2023 | MOVED | Mr Des Beechey Ingo Burghardt Ms Anouk Mututantri (AM) |
| 11-Aug-2014 | 11-Aug-2014 | MOVED | ||
| 11-Aug-2014 | PINNOIDEA | 12-Sep-2013 | MODIFIED | Dr Winston Ponder (AM) Mr Des Beechey (AM) Dr Peter Middelfart (AM) |
| 11-Aug-2014 | 17-Nov-2010 | ADDED | ||
| 17-Nov-2010 | MODIFIED |