Subfamily Pilumninae Samouelle, 1819

Pilumnus digitalis (half denuded to show carapace detail) [from Rathbun 1923: pl. 24]

Museums

Regional Maps

• Pilumnidae Samouelle, G. 1819. The Entomologist's Useful Compendium; or an introduction to the knowledge of British Insects, comprising the best means of obtaining and preserving them, and a description of the apparatus generally used; together with the genera of Linné, and modern methods of arranging the Classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, spiders, mites and insects, from the affinities and structure, according to the views of Dr. Leach. Also an explanation of the terms used in entomology; a calendar of the times of appearance and usual situations of near 3,000 species of British Insects; with instructions for collecting and fitting up objects for the microscope. London : Thomas Boys 496 pp. 12 pls. [86] [declared available for use as a family-group name, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1956. Opinion 423. Additions to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the generic name Xantho Leach, 1814 (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda), and validation under the Plenary Powers of the family-group name Xanthinae Dana, 1851. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 14: 197–214, by those who consider that Pilumnus Leach and Xantho Leach belong to different family-group taxa].

  Type genus:

   Pilumnus Leach, 1815.

  Secondary source:

   International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1956. Opinion 423. Additions to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the generic name Xantho Leach, 1814 (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda), and validation under the Plenary Powers of the family-group name Xanthinae Dana, 1851. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 14: 197-214.
• Actumninae Dana, J.D. 1851. On the Classification of the Cancroidea. American Journal of Science and Arts 12(34): 121-131 [128].

  Type genus:

   Actumnus Dana, 1851.
• Heteropanopioida Alcock, A. 1898. Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India. No. 3. The Brachyura Cyclometopa. Part I. The Family Xanthidae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 67(Pt 2 No. 1): 67-233 [177, 207].

  Type genus:

   Heteropanope Stimpson, 1858.
• Heteropilumninae Serène, R. 1984. Crustacés Décapodes Brachyoures de l'Océan Indien occidental et de la Mer Rouge. Xanthoidea: Xanthidae et Trapeziidae. Avec un addendum par Crosnier, A.: Carpilliidae et Menippidae. Faune Tropicale 24: 1-400 figs A-C, 1-243 pls 1-48 [11, 15(key), 17(key)].

  Type genus:

   Heteropilumnus De Man, 1895.
• Bathypilumnini Števčić, Z. 2005. The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica 14(1): 1–159.
• Danielini Stevčić, Z. 2005. The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica 14(1): 1–159 [57].
• Priapilumnini Števčić, Z. 2005. The reclassification of Brachyuran Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Natura Croatica 14(1): 1–159.

Diagnosis

Carapace hexagonal, transversely ovate to transversely rectangular; dorsal surface more or less convex, smooth to granular or spinose; often covered with dense setae over most of surface, usually obscuring surface and margins; regions more or less prominent. Antero- and posterolateral margins well demarcated; anterolateral margins typically armed with three spines or sharp to blunt teeth behind exorbital tooth, but number variable. Frontal margin entire, bilobed or quadrilobed. Endostomial crests defining efferent branchial canals complete to incomplete. Thoracic sternum relatively narrow. Male abdomen not reaching level of anterior edge of base of chelipeds; telson not elongate, not twice length of sixth segment (except for Bathypilumnus). G1 slender, distinctly sinuous (except Bathypilumnus and Priapipilumnus).

History of changes