Family PALAEMONIDAE Rafinesque, 1815

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Family PALAEMONIDAE Rafinesque, 1815

Compiler and date details

May 2012 - Peter Davie, Queensland Museum, Brisbane

22 May 2006 - Minor update by ABRS from files provided by A.J. Bruce May 2006

Palaemonidae Rafinesque, C.S. 1815. Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Palermo (Italy) : Privately Published 224 pp. [Date published April to July] [98] [as Palemonia; name with spelling corrected to Palaemonidae, placed on the Official List of Family-Group Names, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 564. Suppression under the Plenary Powers of the scientific name squilla Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Cancer squilla, and designation under the same Plenary Powers of Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837, to be the type species of the genus Palaemon Weber, 1795, and matters incidental thereto (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda). Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 20: 337–358].
Secondary source:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 564. Suppression under the Plenary Powers of the scientific name squilla Linnaeus, 1758, as published in the combination Cancer squilla, and designation under the same Plenary Powers of Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837, to be the type species of the genus Palaemon Weber, 1795, and matters incidental thereto (Class Crustacea, Order Decapoda). Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 20: 337-358.
Palaemoninae Rafinesque, C.S. 1815. Analyse de la nature, ou tableau de l'univers et des corps organises. Palermo (Italy) : Privately Published 224 pp. [Date published April to July] [98] [as Palemonia].
Gnathophyllinae Dana, J.D. 1852. Conspectus Crustaceorum quae in Orbis Terrarum circumnavigatione, Carolo Wilkes e classe Reipublicae Foederatae Duce, lexit et descripsit. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 6: 10-28 [16].
Pontoniinae Kingsley, J.S. 1878. List of the North American Crustacea belonging to the suborder Caridea. Bulletin of the Essex Institute 10(4, 5, 6): 53-71 [64] [as Pontoninae; name with spelling corrected to Pontoniinae, placed on the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1956. Direction 41. Addition to the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, or as the case may be, to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology of the family-group names involved in the cases dealt with in Volume 11 of the Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, other than family-group names already dealt with in those Opinions. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 11: 431–434; in the same Direction the incorrect original spelling, Pontoninae was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology].
Secondary source:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1956. Direction 41. Addition to the Official List of Family-Group Names in Zoology, or as the case may be, to the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Family-Group Names in Zoology of the family-group names involved in the cases dealt with in Volume 11 of the Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, other than family-group names already dealt with in those Opinions. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 11: 431-434.
Hymenoceridae Ortmann, A.E. 1890. Die Unterordnung Natantia Boas: Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der von Herrn Dr. Döderlein bei Japan und bei den Liu-Kiu-Inseln gesammelten und z.Z. im Strassburger Museum aufbewahrten Formen, I. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 5: 437-542 pls 36, 37 [511].
Drimoidae Ortmann, A.E. 1896. Das System der Decapoden Krebse. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 9: 409-453 [425].
Kakaducaridinae Bruce, 1993.
Anchistioididae Borradaile, L.A. 1915. Notes on Carides. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15: 205-213 [205].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Introduction

This is the most speciose and morphologically diverse of all the shrimp families, with around 100 genera currently recognised. Palaemonids are cosmopolitan in distribution. Most species are marine, occurring from shallow interidal pools down to 1285 metres, but the Palaemonidae is one of the few shrimp families that has radiated successfully into freshwater. Many species, especially in the subfamily Pontoniinae, live commensally with other invertebrates and have developed exceptionally beautiful colour patterns.

Four subfamilies are recognised. Only two occur in the Indo-Pacific region: Palaemoninae and Pontoniinae, and both are widespread. Holthuis (1993) provided the most recent review at the generic level and included keys to genera known to that time.

The superfamily Palaemonoidea comprises seven closely allied families, five of which, Palaemonidae, Anchistioididae, Hymenoceridae, Gnathophyllidae, and Kakaducarididae, occur in the Australian region. The Kakaducarididae Bruce, 1993, was originally placed as a subfamily of the Palaemonidae. A key to these families, with the exception of Kakaducarididae, was provided by Chace & Bruce (1993: 3). However, again, Short et al. (2013) synonymised Kakaducaridinae with Palaemonidae.

Diagnosis

Carapace without complete longitudinal suture; rostrum immovable; telson usually with two or three pairs of spines on posterior margin; antennule with two completely separate flagella, one with accessory branch; mandible usually with incisor process; first maxilla with mesial coxal lobe not unusually large, mesial basal lobe not reduced; second maxilla with 0, 1, or 2 endites; first maxilliped with exopodal lash; second maxilliped with distal segments articulating serially, not side by side, on penultimate segment, marginal setae on distal segment not especially stout or dense; third maxilliped composed of no more than six segments, antepenultimate segment neither articulated with, nor much wider than, next proximal segment; pereiopods without exopods or arthrobranchs, epipods, if present, not large, not extending dorsally into branchial chamber, first and second pair of pereiopods distinctly chelate, dactyl meeting opposing finger (pollex) when flexed, usually not crossing; first pereiopod not stouter than second; second pereiopod with undivided carpus (except in Thaumastocaris), with dactyl usually not distinctly serrate on extensor margin; second pleopod with appendix masculina in male. (After Chace & Bruce 1993).