Genus Orthezia Bosc, 1784

Museums

Regional Maps

• Orthezia Bosc d'Antic, L.A.G. 1784. [Description of Orthezia characias.] Description de l'Orthezia characias. Journal de Physique 1: 173 [173] [as Dorthesia p. 207; Orthezia listed in Neave as in Obs. sur la Physique 24: 173].

  Type species:

   Orthezia characias Bosc, 1784 by monotypy (= Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)).
• Cionops Leach, W.E. 1815. Entomology. pp. 57-172 in Brewster (ed.). The Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Edinburgh : William Blackburn Vol. 9(1) 764 pp. [reprint 1830] [126].
• Cyphoma Gistel, J. 1848. Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs für höhere schulen bearbeitet. Stuttgart xvi 216 pp., 32 pls. [151].

  Type species:

   Cyphoma characias Bosc, 1784 by monotypy.
• Douglariella MacGillivray, A.D. 1921. The Coccidae. Tables for the identification of the subfamilies and some of the more important genera and species together with discussions of their anatomy and life history. Urbana, Illinois : Scarab Company vi 502 pp. [474] [replacement name for Douglasia MacGillivray, 1921].
• Douglasia MacGillivray, A.D. 1921. The Coccidae. Tables for the identification of the subfamilies and some of the more important genera and species together with discussions of their anatomy and life history. Urbana, Illinois : Scarab Company vi 502 pp. [483] [junior homonym of Douglasia Green, E.E. 1902. Notes on a singular coccid from Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 19: 95–96 and Green, E.E. 1902. Note on Orthezia floccosa, De Geer. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 38: 284–285 (Coccoidea) and Douglasia Stainton, 1854 (Lepidoptera)].

  Type species:

   Orthezia maenariensis Douglas, 1884 by monotypy (= Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)).

  Secondary source:

   Green, E.E. 1902. Note on Orthezia floccosa, De Geer. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 38: 284-285; Green, E.E. 1902. Notes on a singular coccid from Victoria. Victorian Naturalist 19: 95-96.

 

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Morrison, H. 1925. Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 97-154 [102] (synonymy of Cioniops Leach, 1815; synonymy of Cyphoma Gistel, 1848; synonymy of Dorthezia d'Orthez, 1785)
• Neave, S.A. 1939. Nomenclator Zoologicus: A list of the names of genera and subgenera in zoology from the tenth edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the end of 1935. London : Zoological Society of London Vol. II(D-L) 1025 pp. [151] (synonymy of Douglasia MacGillivray, 1921)

 

ID Keys

(Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W., 1990) [38] (female; genera of Ortheziidae of the South Pacific region); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [695] (female; Ortheziidae genera of the Far East of the USSR); (Yang, P.L., 1982) [14] (female; Ortheziidae genera of China); (Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F., 1978) [10] (female; genera of Ortheziidae); (Tereznikova, E.M., 1975) [111] (female; Ortheziidae genera of the Ukraine); (Danzig, E.M., 1971) [806] (female; key to genera of Ortheziidae); (Morrison, H., 1925) [102] (adult female; genera of Ortheziinae); (Green, E.E., 1922) [417] (adult female; genera of the subfamily Ortheziinae); (MacGillivray, A.D., 1921) [110] (adult female; as Douglasia; genera of Ortheziinae)

 

GENERAL

There are no truly indigenous species in the Afrotropical, Oriental, and Australasian Regions and the known species are predominantly Nearctic and Neotropical in distribution and only secondarily Palaearctic (see Morrison, H. 1925. Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 97–154).

STRUCTURE

Adult female external covering made up of definite and usually sharply segregated tufts of waxy secretions. Body is more or less distinctly oval, often broadly rounded posteriorly and tapering anteriorly. Larva body is oval, adult males elongate, slender (see Morrison, H. 1925. Classification of scale insects of the subfamily Ortheziinae. Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 97–154).

 

General References

Aguilera P.A. & Grana, S.F. 1976. Presencia de Orthezia olivicola Beingolea (Homoptera: Ortheziidae) en Chile. Idesia 4: 97-100 [97] (distribution, host)

Ahmad, R. & Ghani, M.A. 1972. Coccoidea and their natural enemy complexes in Pakistan. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin 15: 59-104 [62] (distribution, host)

Amyot, C.J.B. 1847. Entomologie Française, Rhynchotes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 5: 453-506 [489] (taxonomy)

Archangelskaya, A.D. 1937. The Coccidae of Middle Asia. Izdatelstvo Komiteta Nauk UZSSR, Tashkent [1937]: 158 pp. [23] (distribution)

Atkinson, E.T. 1886. Insect-pests belonging to the homopterous family Coccidae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Natural History 55: 267-298 [295, 296] (description, taxonomy)

Barnes, H.F. 1930. Gall midges (Cecidomyidae) as enemies of the Tingidae, Psyllidae, Aleyrodidae and Coccidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research 5: 319-329 [322, 323] (biological control)

Beingolea, G.O. 1967. [Biological control of citrus pests in Peru.] Control biológico de las plagas de los cítricos en el Perú. Revista Peruana de Entomología 10: 67-81 [70, 73, 78] (biological control, distribution, taxonomy)

Beingolea, G.O. 1969. Notas sobre Orthezia pseudoinsignis Morrison n. sp. (Hom.: Ortheziidae), plaga de algunas plantas cultivadas y ornamentales en el Perú. Revista Peruana de Entomología 12: 96-118 [96] (distribution, host)

Blanchard, R. 1897. Sur les cochenilles du genre Orthezia Bosc, 1784. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 65: 678-683 [678-683] (taxonomy)

Borchsenius, N.S. 1937. Coccidae of Quarantine Value for U.S.S.R. and their Allied Species. Tbilisi, Georgia : Plant Quar. Sta. 272 pp. 72 pls. [19] (distribution)

Borchsenius, N.S. 1950. Mealybugs and Scale Insects of USSR (Coccoidea). Moscow : Akademii Nauk SSSR, Zoological Institute Vol. 32 250 pp. [26] (taxonomy)

Bosc d'Antic, L.A.G. 1784. [Description of Orthezia characias.] Description de l'Orthezia characias. Journal de Physique 1: 173 [173] (description, distribution)

Brain, C.K. 1915. The Coccidae of South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 5: 65-194 [89] (distribution)

Bremi, H. & Bremi-Wolf, J.J. 1847. Über die Schildläuse. Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 32: 41-45 [42] (distribution, taxonomy)

Brown, S.W. 1958. The chromosomes of an Orthezia species (Coccoidea–Homoptera). Cytologia 23: 429-434 [429-434] (distribution, host)

Browne, E.T. 1887. Notes on a species of Orthezia found in Kew Gardens. Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club 3: 169-172 [169-172] (taxonomy)

Brues, C.T., Melander, A.L. & Carpenter, F.M. 1954. Classification of insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 108: 1-917 [108, 161] (taxonomy)

Bruner, S.C., Scaramuzza, L.C. & Otero, A.R. 1945. Catálogo de los insectos que atacan a las plantas económicas de Cuba. Boletín Estación Experimental Agronómica, Santiago de Las Vegas, Cuba 63: 1-246 [71] (distribution, host)

Callan, E.M. 1940. The gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyidae) of the West Indies. Revista de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro 11: 730-758 [737, 744, 750, 752] (biological control, distribution)

Cardin, P. 1915. Informe dell Departamento de Patología Vegetal y Entomología. Tercer Informe Anual (Estación Experimental Agronómica, Republica de Cuba) [1915]: 217 pp. [107] (taxonomy)

Cassidy, T.P., Romney, V.E., Buchanan, W.D. & York, G.T. 1950. Damage to guayule by insects and mites with notes on control. Circular (United States Department of Agriculture) No. 842: 1-19 [2] (distribution, host)

Charlin, C.R. 1972. [Geographic distribution, host plants and new identifications of coccids in Chile.]. Revista Peruana del Entomología Agrícola 15: 215-218 [216] (distribution, host)

Chatterjee, N.C. & Bose, M. 1934. Entomological investigations on the spike disease of sandal. Coccinellidae. Supplementary data. Indian Forest Records 19: 1-10 [2, 7, 9] (biological control, distribution)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1893. [Note on Collection of Coccidae in Chile.]. Actes de la Société Scientifique du Chili 3: lxxvii-lxxix [LXXlX] (distribution)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1893. Coccidae, or scale insects. – II. Bulletin of the Botanical Department, Jamaica 40: 7-9 [8] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1893. Two new Coccidae from New Mexico. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 12: 403-406 [404] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1894. Some observations on the distribution of Coccidae. American Naturalist 28: 1050-1054 [1053] (distribution)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1896. A check list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 4: 318-339 [327] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1896. Coccidae or scale insects. – VIII. Bulletin of the Botanical Department, Jamaica 3: 8-10 [9] (description)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1897. Further notes on Coccidae from Brazil. Revista do Museu Paulista 2: 383-384 [383] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. Article VII. – First supplement to the check-list of the Coccidae. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 5: 389-398 [390] (taxonomy)

Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. Tables for the determination of the genera of Coccidae. The Canadian Entomologist 31: 273-279, 330-333 [274] (taxonomy)

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Comstock, J.H. 1881. Report of the Entomologist. Part II. Report on scale insects. Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, United States Department of Agriculture 1880–1881: 276-349 [349] (taxonomy)

Craw, A. 1896. Injurious insect pests found in the trees and plants from foreign countries. Biennial Report of the California State Board of Horticulture 5: 33-47 [41] (distribution, host)

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Danzig, E.M. 1964. 5. Suborder Coccinea — Coccids or mealybugs and scale insects. Akademii Nauk SSSR Zoologicheskogo Instituta Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 1: 616-654 [621] (distribution)

Danzig, E.M. 1971. Suborder Coccinea — coccids or mealybugs and scale insects. In, Bei-Bienko, G.Y. (ed.). Keys to the Insects of the European USSR. Vol. 1. Moscow : Acad. Sci. USSR, Zool. Inst. [806] (taxonomy)

Danzig, E.M. 1988. Suborder Coccinea. In, Lehr, P.A. (ed.). Keys to insects of the Far East of the USSR. Leningrad : Nauka. [695] (taxonomy)

Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1-343 [41] (taxonomy)

Dobzhansky, T. 1941. Beetles of the genus Hyperaspis inhabiting the United States. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 101(6): 1-94 [7] (distribution, host)

Douglas, J.W. 1881. On the species of the genus Orthezia. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 17: 172-176, 203-205 [176] (taxonomy)

Douglas, J.W. 1881. XVII. Observations on the species of the homopterous genus Orthezia with a description of a new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1881: 297-303 [297] (taxonomy)

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Fernald, M.E. 1903. A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College 88: 1-360 [33] (catalogue, taxonomy)

Ferris, G.F. 1918. A note on the occurrence of abdominal spiracles in the Coccidae (Hemiptera). The Canadian Entomologist 50: 85-88 [85, 86, 88] (structure)

Ferris, G.F. 1919. A contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae of Southwestern United States. Stanford University Publications, University Series 1919: 1-68 [14] (distribution, host)

Ferris, G.F. 1921. Notes on Coccidae – VII, VIII. (Hemiptera). The Canadian Entomologist 53: 57-61, 91-95 [59] (taxonomy)

Fleury, A.C. 1938. Report of insect and other animal and plant disease interceptions at California plant quarantine inspection points for 1937. Special Publication (Bureau of Plant Quarantine, State of California, Dept. of Agriculture) No. 161: 88 pp. [19, 74] (distribution, host)

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Fulmek, L. 1943. Wirtsindex der Aleyrodiden- und Cocciden- Parasiten. Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem 10: 1-100 [56] (biological control, distribution)

Ghesquière, J. 1946. Sur la redécouverte en Belgique d'Ortheziola signoretti (Hall.) (Hem. Ortheziidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Royale Belgique d'Entomologie 82: 236-238 [235] (distribution)

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Imhof, O.E. 1900. Multiocelläres geflügeltes Insekt. Biologisches Zentralblatt 20: 527 [527] (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement considered Polyocellaria this to be a junior synonym of Orthezia, but treated it only as a nomen nudum and did not associate it with Orthezia, in fact, they point out that Imhof suggested a possible association with Arctorthezia.)

Imhof, O.E. 1900. Multiocelläres geflügeltes Insekt. Biologisches Zentralblatt 20: 527 [527] (taxonomy)

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Koteja, J. 1987. Palaeonewsteadie huaniae gen. et sp. n. (Homoptera, Coccinea, Ortheziidae) from Baltic amber. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 57: 235-240 [235] (taxonomy)

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Lindinger, L. 1923. Einführung in die Kenntnis der deutschen Schildläuse. Entomologisches Jahrbuch 32: 138-152 [142, 149-150] (taxonomy)

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Newstead, R. 1903. Monograph of the Coccidae of the British Isles. London : Ray Society Vol. 2 270 pp. [229] (taxonomy)

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Nur, U. 1980. Evolution of unusual chromosome systems in scale insects (Coccoidea: Homoptera). In, Blackman, R.L., Hewitt, G.M. & Ashburner, M. (eds). Insect Cytogenetics. London : Royal Entomological Society 278 pp. [103] (taxonomy)

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History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
21-Nov-2012		21-Nov-2012	MODIFIED
29-Jun-2012		29-Jun-2012	MODIFIED
		12-Feb-2010	(import)