Subfamily Chloephorinae

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• Chloephorinae Stainton, 1859.

  Type genus:

   Chloephora Stephens, 1827.
• Hylophilinae.
• Nycteolinae.

Introduction

The concept of the Chloephorinae has been broadened from that included in Edwards (1996) to include elements of the Sarrothripinae, whilst other groups which have been placed within the Chloephorinae and Sarrothripinae have been raised to subfamily status within the Nolidae (Holloway, 2003, 2011; Zahiri et al., 2011, 2013). The bulk of Australian species occur in genera with extralimital distributions including SE Asia, and because of this the extensive revision of Bornean members of the group by Holloway (2003) has resulted in considerable changes in the status of Australian species.

The world fauna was initially revised by Hampson (1912) (as Acontinae) and reviewed in Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World by Gaede (1937-1938). The Australian species were revised by Turner (1920).

Earias huegeliana Gaede is the rough bollworm of cotton. Australia has a considerable fauna and some species are very plentiful. The rather drab Sarrothripini are diverse in the northern part of the continent, and are poorly known and much work is needed on them.

The tribal structure used here is derived from Holloway (2003, 2011), but several genera listed in Edwards (1996) do not occur in Borneo and were not included in the analysis of Holloway (2003), and as a result their placement within the Nolidae and Chloephorinae requires additional study. These have been presently treated in the Nolidae as "Unplaced to Subfamily".

General References

Edwards, E.D. 1996. Noctuidae. pp. 291-333 in Nielsen, E.S., Edwards, E.D. & Rangsi, T.V. (eds). Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing Vol. 4 xiv 529 pp. & CD-ROM. [292] (paragraphs on Chloephorinae and Sarrothripinae)

Gaede, M. 1937. Sarrothripinae. 384-415, pls 35-39 in Seitz, A. (ed.). The Macrolepidoptera of the World. The Macrolepidoptera of the Indo-Australian Fauna. 11. Noctuiform Phalaenae. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Verlag ii+488 pp. 56 pls.

Gaede, M. 1938. Acontiinae. 416-453, pls 39-43 in Seitz, A. (ed.). The Macrolepidoptera of the World. The Macrolepidoptera of the Indo-Australian Fauna. 11. Noctuiform Phalaenae. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Verlag.

Hampson, G.F. 1912. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Noctuidae in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum (Natural History) Vol. 11 xvii 689 pp.

Holloway, J.D. 2003. The Moths of Borneo (Part 18): Family Nolidae. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia : Southdene Sdn. Bhd. Part 18 279 pp., 10 pls.

Holloway, J.D. 2011. The Moths of Borneo. Phaudidae, Himantopteridae, Zygaenidae. Complete checklist, checklist notes, historical appendix, index. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia : Southdene Sdn. Bhd. Vol. Part 2 pp.1-548.

Turner, A.J. 1920. Revision of the Australian Noctuidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 44: 120-189

Zahiri, R., Kitching, I.J., Lafontaine, J.D., Mutanen, M., Kaila, L., Holloway, J.D. & Wahlberg, N. 2011. A new molecular phylogeny offers hope for a stable family level classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera). Zoologica Scripta 40: 158-173

Zahiri, R., Lafontaine, J.D., Holloway, J.D., Kitching, I.J., Schmidt, B.C., Kaila, L. & Wahlberg, N. 2013. Major lineages of Nolidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea) elucidated by molecular phylogenetics. Cladistics 29(4): 337–359

History of changes