Species Nestor productus (Gould, 1836) (Extinct)

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• Plyctolophus productus Gould, J. 1836. In Proceedings of meeting of Zoological Society of London, Feb. 23, 1836. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836: 17-19 [19] [apparently based on a single specimen formerly in the collection of the Zoological Society of London and now lost, see Sharpe, R.B. 1906. Birds. pp. 79–515 in, The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 2. (514–515); Stone, W. & Mathews, G.M. 1913. Additional species described by Gould from Norfolk, Lord Howe, and Philip Islands. Austral Avian Records 1: 182–183; Warren, R.L.M. 1966. Type-specimens of Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 1 Non-Passerines. London : British Museum ix 320 pp.; holotype possibly figured on pl. 12 (Fig. 1) in Gould, J. 1838. A Synopsis of the Birds of Australia, and the Adjacent Islands. London : J. Gould 73 pls 8 pp. [Pt 3, published Apr. 1838, publication dated as 1837-1838] (Pt 1), Jan. 1837, but dated as 1837–1838].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (?lost, possibly figured on pl. 12 in Gould, J. 1836. In Proceedings of meeting of Zoological Society of London, Feb. 23, 1836. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1836: 17–19), Philip Is., off Norfolk Is. (published without locality).

  Type locality references:

  Gould, J. 1848. The Birds of Australia. London : J. Gould Vol. 5 92 pls. [published Sept. 1841] [text to pl. 6].
• Nestor norfolcensis von Pelzeln, A. 1860. Zur ornithologie der insel Norfolk. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 41: 319-332 [322, fig. 1] [based on life-sized illustration of a single bird drawn by F.L. Bauer on Norfolk Island on 19 Jan. 1805 (Hj. Eichler, transl.); whether the bird was the since-lost Bauer specimen of a Nestor deposited in NHMW (see Pelzeln in original description) is not certain—it is not, however, the specimen figured on pl. 15 in Mathews, G.M. 1928. The Birds of Norfolk & Lord Howe Islands and the Australasian South Polar Quadrant with Additions to "The Birds of Australia". London : H.F. & G. Witherby xii 139 pp. pls 1–45 and attributed to norfolcensis Pelzeln, 1860 in LIVCM, cf. Tristram, H.B. 1892. Note on Nestor norfolcensis, Pelz. Ibis 6 4: 557–558; Forbes, H.O. & Robinson, H.C. 1897. Catalogue of the parrots (Psittaci) in the Derby Museum. Bulletin of the Liverpool Museum 1: 5–22; head of holotype copied and illustrated as fig. 1 in original description].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (lost, possibly formerly NHMW, figured in F. L. Bauer drawings in NHMW), Norfolk Is.

  Secondary source:

   Tristram, H.B. 1892. Note on Nestor norfolcensis, Pelz. Ibis 6 4: 557-558; Forbes, H.O. & Robinson, H.C. 1897. Catalogue of the parrots (Psittaci) in the Derby Museum. Bulletin of the Liverpool Museum 1: 5-22; Mathews, G.M. 1928. The Birds of Norfolk & Lord Howe Islands and the Australasian South Polar Quadrant with Additions to "The Birds of Australia". London : H.F. & G. Witherby xii 139 pp. pls 1-45.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Peters, J.L. 1937. Check-list of Birds of the World. Cambridge : Harvard University Press Vol. 3 xiii 311 pp. [143]

Introduction

The Norfolk Island Kaka declined to extinction in the wild some time in the first half of the 19th century (Iredale 1911; Greenway 1958). The last known bird died in captivity in London in 1851 (Garnett & Crowley 2000). There is no information available on the population size of the species prior to its decline.

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Extinct. Norfolk Island including Philip Islsnd, Tasman Sea, extinct since mid 1800s.

Other Regions

Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Arboreal, closed forest, diurnal, florivore, frugivorous, granivore, hummock grassland, mellivore, sedentary, terrestrial, volant.

Extra Ecological Information

Fed on flowers, fruits, and nectar, both in trees and on ground, and particularly from White-Wood, Lagunaria patersonii, nested in tree hollows.

General References

Forshaw, J.M. 1978. Parrots of the World. 2nd (revised) Edn. Illustrated by W.T. Cooper. Melbourne : Lansdowne Edns 616 pp. 158 pls. (synonymy)

Garnett, S.T. & Crowley, G.M. 2000. The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/birds2000/index.html. pp. [Online]

Gould, J. 1865. Handbook to the Birds of Australia. London : J. Gould Vol. 2 629 pp. [For publication date Mathews, G.M. 1925. The Birds of Australia. Supplements 4 & 5. Bibliography of the Birds of Australia Pts 1 & 2. London : H.F. & G. Witherby viii 149 pp.] (behaviour)

Greenway, J. C. 1958. Extinct and vanishing birds of the world. New York : American Committee for International Wild Life Protection. Vol. Special Publication No. 13 1st, pp. 518.

Iredale, T. 1911. An additional note on the birds of Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 35: 733–782

Salvadori, T. 1891. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. London : British Museum Vol. 20 xvii 658 pp. XVIII pls. (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement for Norfolk and Philip island populations as separate species)

Sibley, C.G. & Monroe, B.L., Jr 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. New Haven : Yale University Press xxiv 1111 pp. (synonymy)

Wolters, H.E. 1975. Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. Hamburg : Paul Parey Lief. 1, 1-80 pp. (synonymy)

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