Species Neophema (Neonanodes) chrysostoma (Kuhl, 1820)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Psittacus chrysostomus Kuhl, H. 1820. Conspectus Psittacorum. Cum specierum definitionibus, novarum descriptionibus, synonymis et circa patriam singularum naturalem adversariis, adjecto indice museorum, ubi earum artificiosae exuviae servantur. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae 10: 1-104 pls I-III [50] [based on material of two species: Neophema chrysostoma (Kuhl, 1820) and N. elegans (Gould, 1837), see Mathews, G.M. 1917. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 6 pt 5 pp. 373–444 pls 308–316 [11 Sept. 1917, volume dated as 1916-1917 Mathews, G.M. 1919. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 7 pt 5 pp. 385–499 + xii pls 363–370 Appendixes A & B [publication dated as from preface, 12 June 1919 given in Appendix B] (Appendix B)] (443–444); Warren, R.L.M. 1966. Type-specimens of Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 1 Non-Passerines. London : British Museum ix 320 pp.; included in the type series is a male of the first species from Tasmania and a female of the second from King George Sound, WA, both formerly in the collection of the Linnean Society of London, plus specimens in the collections of William Bullock (dispersed) and Baron Laugier de Chartrouse (dispersed, ?MNHP or RMNH per C.J. Temminck), see Vigors, N.A. & Horsfield, T. 1827. A description of the Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15: 170–331 [publication dated 1826, published Feb. 1827]; Sharpe, R.B. 1906. Birds. pp. 79–515 in, The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 2.; Mathews, G.M. 1917. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 6 pt 5 pp. 373–444 pls 308–316 [11 Sept. 1917, volume dated as 1916-1917 Mathews, G.M. 1919. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 7 pt 5 pp. 385–499 + xii pls 363–370 Appendixes A & B [publication dated as from preface, 12 June 1919 given in Appendix B] (Appendix B)]; and Stresemann, E. 1975. Ornithology from Aristotle to the Present. [Transl. H.J. & C. Epstein, Cottrell, G.W. (ed.)]. Cambridge : Harvard University Press xii 432 pp. (120–121); to stabilize nomenclature, the Tasmanian male from the Linnean Society of London, now in BMNH, is chosen here as lectotype; a male from the type series of this species, possibly the lectotype, is illustrated on tab. 1 of the protologue; the female paralectotype ex coll. Linnean Society, representing N. elgans (Gould, 1837), was not passed to BMNH and is evidently lost, see Sharpe Sharpe, R.B. 1906. Birds. pp. 79–515 in, The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 2. (414), Salvadori, T. 1891. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. London : British Museum Vol. 20 xvii 658 pp. XVIII pls: neither cites it].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1863.7.6.9 ♂ adult (ex Linnean Society of London coll.), Tasmania (as Nova Hollandia).
  Paralectotype(s) MNHP (and/or RMNH? ex Laugier de Chartrouse coll.); whereabouts unknown (?lost, ex W. Bullock coll.); whereabouts unknown (?lost ♀*, ex Linnean Society of London coll.); whereabouts unknown (?lost, ex Bullock coll.); whereabouts unknown ♀ (?lost, ex Linnean Society of London coll.).

  Subsequent designation references:

  Schodde, R. in Schodde, R. & Mason, I.J. 1997. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). In, Houston, W.W.K. & Wells, A. (eds). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia Vol. 37.2 xiii 440 pp. [158].

  Type locality references:

  Schodde, R. in Schodde, R. & Mason, I.J. 1997. Aves (Columbidae to Coraciidae). In, Houston, W.W.K. & Wells, A. (eds). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia Vol. 37.2 xiii 440 pp. [158] (by lectotypification; also Vigors, N.A. & Horsfield, T. 1827. A description of the Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15: 170–331 [publication dated 1826, published Feb. 1827]; Mathews, G.M. 1917. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 6 pt 3 pp. 217–296 pls 291–299 [17 Apr. 1917, volume dated as 1916–1917] [278] cf. Mathews, G.M. 1912. A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171–455 [publication dated Jan. 1912, published 31 Jan.]).
• Psittacus venustus Temminck, C.J. 1821. Account of some new species of birds of the genera Psittacus and Columba, in the Museum of the Linnean Society. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 13: 107-130 [publication dated as 1822] [121] [junior homonym of Psittacus venustus Kuhl, 1820 (=Platycercus venustus (Kuhl, 1820)); based on four specimens, a male and female in the collection of the Linnean Society of London which represent two different species and are part of the type series of Psittacus chrysostomus Kuhl, 1820 (q.v.), and a male and female in C.J. Temminck's cabinet which, although not cited by Kuhl in the protologue of P. chrysostomus, may also be part of the type series of that name (q.v.) if they came from Baron Laugier de Chartrouse; junior objective synonym of P. chrysostomus Kuhl, 1820 through lectotypification, under ICZN Art. 74(a), by Salvadori, T. 1891. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. London : British Museum Vol. 20 xvii 658 pp. XVIII pls (571) (=lectotype of P. chrysostomus Kuhl, 1820 (q.v.))].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1863.7.6.9 ♂ adult (ex Linnean Society of London coll.), Tasmania (as King-George's Sound; through lectotypification; see also Vigors & Horsfield (1827: 278); Mathews (1917), cf. Mathews (1912)).
  Paralectotype(s) whereabouts unknown ♀ (?lost, ex Linnean Society of London coll.); RMNH ♂ (ex Temminck Cabinet); RMNH ♀ (ex Temminck Cabinet)
  Comment: for identification of type, see Warren, R.L.M. 1966. Type-specimens of Birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 1 Non-Passerines. London : British Museum ix 320 pp.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Salvadori, T. 1891. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. London : British Museum Vol. 20 xvii 658 pp. XVIII pls. [571].

  Type locality references:

  Vigors, N.A. & Horsfield, T. 1827. A description of the Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15: 170-331 [Date published 17 Feb 1827: publication dated 1826]; Mathews, G.M. 1912. A Reference-List to the Birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171-455 [Date published 31 Jan 1912]; Mathews, G.M. 1917. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 6 pt 5 pp. 373-444 pls 308-316. [Date published 11 Sept. 1917: volume dated as 1916-1917 Mathews, G.M. 1919. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 7 pt 5 pp. 385–499 + xii pls 363–370 Appendixes A & B [publication dated as from preface, 12 June 1919 given in Appendix B] (Appendix B)].
• Neonanodes chrysostomus tasmanicus Mathews, G.M. 1915. Additions and corrections to my List of the Birds of Australia. Austral Avian Records 2: 123-133 [Date published 129] [128] [as tasmanica, corrected under ICZN Art. 32(d)(ii); holotype inferred but not specified in protologue].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH 623489 unsexed (=♂) (G.M. Mathews' coll. no. 18453), north Tasmania (as Tasmania)
  Comment: for identification and locality of holotype, see Greenway, J.C. 1978. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Pt 2. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 161: 1–306.
• Neonanodes chrysostomus cyanopterus Mathews, G.M. 1917. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 6 pt 5 pp. 373-444 pls 308-316. [Date published 11 Sept. 1917: volume dated as 1916-1917 Mathews, G.M. 1919. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 7 pt 5 pp. 385–499 + xii pls 363–370 Appendixes A & B [publication dated as from preface, 12 June 1919 given in Appendix B] (Appendix B)] [443] [holotype figured on pl. 316, lower figure].

  Type data:

   Holotype AMNH 623485 ♂ (G.M. Mathews' coll. no. unspecified, ex BMNH 1900.6.11.12), Melton, VIC
  Comment: for its identification, see Greenway, J.C. 1978. Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Pt 2. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 161: 1–306.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1 Non-Passerines. Melbourne : Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union xx 311 pp. [202]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Coastal, subcoastal and inland SE Australia, TAS (rare in west and south-west) and islands in Bass Strait, east on mainland to near Cooma and Eden on coast and to Bogan-Namoi-Barwon River plains west of Great Dividing Range, NSW—north to Darling Downs (irregularly) and southern channel country, QLD, Simpson Desert and central Lake Eyre basin, SA, north-west occasionally as far as the central Australian ranges, NT—west to Eyre Peninsula and Gawler-Stuart Ranges, SA—breeding south of 36ºS in coastal and subcoastal VIC and the South-East of SA south to TAS, avoiding Victorian Alps on mainland.

IBRA and IMCRA regions

drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Channel Country (CHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • New South Wales: Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Northern Territory: Lake Eyre basin, W plateau
  • Queensland: Bulloo River basin, Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin
  • South Australia: Bass Strait, S Gulfs, S Gulfs coast, W plateau
  • Tasmania: Bass Strait
  • Victoria

Ecological Descriptors

Arboreal, diurnal, folivore, granivore, gregarious, hummock grassland, low open shrubland, low open woodland, low shrubland, migratory, open forest, open heath, open scrub, tall open shrubland, terrestrial, tussock grassland, volant, woodland.

Extra Ecological Information

Seasonal breeder, in tussocked dunes, samphire flats, grass plains, heath and open eucalypt forest, where there are pockets of open grassy sward or low shrubs, feeds on ground mainly on seeds, flocks in small to moderate-sized groups, flies directly with rapid wing beats punctuated by short glides on in-drawn wings, nests on bed of wood dust/debris in tree hollows, incubation by female, both sexes rear pale grey-downed, yellowish-billed chicks, and migrates to winter throughout mainland breeding range and non-breeding areas north.

General References

Boehm, E.F. 1959. Parrots and cockatoos of the Mount Mary Plains, South Australia. The Emu 59: 83-87 (occurrence, diet)

Brown, P.B. 1979. The status of parrot species in western Tasmania. Tasmanian Bird Report 9: 4-12 (occurrence, status)

Cain, A.J. 1955. A revision of Trichoglossus haematodus and of the Australian platycercine parrots. Ibis 97: 432-479 (synonymy)

Forshaw, J.M. 1981. Australian Parrots. 2nd (revised) Edn. Illustrated by W.T. Cooper. Melbourne : Lansdowne Edns 312 pp. 56 pls. (synonymy)

Giblin, W.W. & Swindells, A.W. 1927. Field notes on the Blue-winged Parrot. The Emu 27: 5-13 (diet, habitat)

Immelmann, K. 1966. Die australischen Plattschweifsittiche. Wittenberg, Lutherstadt : A. Ziemsen (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei) 128 pp. (synonymy)

Mathews, G.M. 1917. The Birds of Australia. London : Witherby & Co. Vol. 6 pts 1-6 xix 516 pp. pls 275-324. [Date published June 1917: publication dated as 1916–1917] (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement separating mainland and Tasmanian subspecies (also subsequent revisions))

McColl, W.S. 1957. Observations on parrots in Tasmania. The Emu 57: 201-205 (status, occurrence)

Peters, J.L. 1937. Check-list of Birds of the World. Cambridge : Harvard University Press Vol. 3 xiii 311 pp. (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)

Salvadori, T. 1891. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots. London : British Museum Vol. 20 xvii 658 pp. XVIII pls. (synonymy and specific limits)

Wolters, H.E. 1975. Die Vogelarten der Erde. Eine systematische Liste mit Verbreitungsangaben sowie deutschen und englischen Namen. Hamburg : Paul Parey Lief. 1, 1-80 pp. (synonymy)

History of changes