Species Limaria (Promantellum) fragilis (Gmelin, 1791)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Ostrea fragilis Gmelin J.F. 1791. Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer Vermes. Vol. 1(Part 6) pp. 3021–3910. [officially regarded by the ICZN Opinion 296 (26 Oct 1954) as the 13th edition of Systema Naturae] [3332].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMUC, Nicobar Islands.
• Lima linguatula Lamarck, J.B. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 6(1) 343 pp. [Date published July 1819] [157].
• Promantellum parafragile Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [386, pl. 6, figs 10, 10a].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.60373 dry, Great Barrier Reef, Low Islands, Queensland, Australia [16°22‘58.8‘S, 145°34‘1.2‘E].

 

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [On the CD]

 

Generic Combinations

• Limaria (Limaria) fragilis (Gmelin, 1791). —
  Lamprell, K. & Whitehead, T. 1992. Bivalves of Australia. Bathurst, New South Wales : Crawford House Press Vol. 1 xiv 182 pp. [Pl. 17, fig. 96]
• Limaria (Promantellum) fragilis (Gmelin, 1791). —
  Rehder, H.A. 1980. The marine mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascura) and Sala y Gómez. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 289: 1–167 [p. 110]
• Lima (Mantellum) fragilis (Gmelin, 1791). —
  Thiele, J. 1920. Familia Limidae. pp. 25-66, pls 6-10 in Küster, H.C., Kobelt, W. & Haas, F. (eds). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe Vol. 7/2a. [34, pl. 1, fig. 2, pl. 6, fig. 4]
• Limea fragilis (Gmelin, 1791). —
  Cernohorsky, W.O. 1972. Marine Shells of the Pacific. Sydney : Pacific Publications Vol. 2 411 pp., 68 pls. [220, pl. 62, fig. 1]
• Lima fragilis (Gmelin, 1791). —
  Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, 391 pp. [371, fig. 419]

 

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-Pacific from Red Sea to French Polynesia and Hawaii. Specimens in the AMS collection extend the range cited in "Distribution References" to Lord Howe Island (C.302962)

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Lord Howe Province (14), Cocos (Keeling) Island Province (22), Christmas Island Province (23), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Continental shelf, marine, rock bottom–marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Under slabs of rock. Can swim freely

 

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [285, text fig. 6] (as Promantellum parafagile)

Coleman, N. 1981. What shell is that? Sydney : Lansdowne Press, Sydney 308 pp. [140, fig. 418] (live image)

Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. The Great Barrier Reef and adjacent isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp. [p. 93, pl. 87, fig. 1] (live image)

Hedley, C. 1899. The Mollusca. Part 2. Pelecypoda and Brachiopoda. The atoll of Funafuti, Ellice Group: its zoology, botany, ethnology, and general structure based on collections made by Mr Charles Hedley of the Australian Museum. Part 8. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 3: 491-510 [493]

Hedley, C. 1916. A preliminary index of the Mollusca of Western Australia. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 1: 152-226 [158]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [388-389] (as Ostrea fasciata Linnaeus, 1758. Iredale notes that this name predates Gmelin, 1791, whihc is based on Chemnitz figure. Name not used subsequently?)

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [12]

Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. [534]

Kilburn, R.N. 1998. The Limidae of South Africa and Mozambique (Mollusca: Bivalvia): genera Limaria, Limatula, Divarilima, Ctenoides and Fukama. Annals of the Natal Museum 39: 203-247 [210-212, figs 6-7]

Lamprell, K. & Whitehead, T. 1992. Bivalves of Australia. Bathurst, New South Wales : Crawford House Press Vol. 1 xiv 182 pp. [38, pl. 17, fig. 96]

Maes, V.O. 1967. The littoral marine mollusks of Cocos-Keeling Islands (Indian Ocean). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 119: 93–217 [157]

Melvill, J.C. & Standen, R. 1899. Report on the marine Mollusca obtained during the first expedition of Prof. A.C. Haddon to the Torres Straits in 1888-89. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 27: 150-206, pls 1-2 [1899]

Odhner, N.H. 1917. Results of Dr E. Mjöbergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia. 1910–1913, pt XVII, Mollusca. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 52(16): 1–115 pls 1–3 [Date published 19 Sept. 1917] [13]

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [84, pl. 14]

Rehder, H.A. 1980. The marine mollusks of Easter Island (Isla de Pascura) and Sala y Gómez. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 289: 1–167 [110]

Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, 391 pp. [371]

Smith, E.A. 1884. Mollusca. pp. 34–116, 487–508, 657–659, pls 4–7. In, Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of the H.M.S. 'Alert ' 1881-2. London : British Museum Trustees, printed by Taylor & Francis. [Part I. Collections of Melanesia, pp. 34–116; Part II. Collections from the Western Indian Ocean, pp. 487–508; explanation of plates pp. 657–659] [116]

Thiele, J. 1930. Gastropoda und Bivalvia. pp. 561-596, 1 pl. (pl. 4) in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger südwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905 herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. W. Michaelson und Prof. Dr. R. Hartmeyer. Jena : Gustav Fischer Vol. 5(8). [591]

 

Common Name References

Coleman, N. 1981. What shell is that? Sydney : Lansdowne Press, Sydney 308 pp. [140] (as Limea fragilis Gmelin, 1791) (Fragile File Shell)

Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [44, pl. 45E] (Fragile Lima)

 

History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
22-Aug-2023	BIVALVIA	22-Aug-2023	MOVED	Mr Des Beechey Ingo Burghardt Ms Anouk Mututantri (AM)
28-Jul-2014		28-Jul-2014	MOVED
14-Feb-2013		14-Feb-2013	MOVED
15-May-2013		09-Aug-2012	MODIFIED
		23-Nov-2010	MODIFIED