• Graphium Scopoli, G.A. 1777. Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem, sistens genera lapidum, plantarum et animalium hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae. Prague : Wolfgangus Gerle 506 pp. [433].

  Type species:

   Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation, see Hemming, F. 1933. On the types of certain butterfly genera. The Entomologist 66: 196-200 [199].
• Zelima Fabricius, J.C. 1807. Systema glossatorum. In Illiger, Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx. Magazin für Insektenkunde (Illiger) 6: 279-289 [279] [Zelima Fabricius, 1807 would be a junior homonym of Zelima Meigen, 1800 (Diptera), but Zelima Fabricius, 1807 was suppressed under the Plenary Powers for the purposes of the Principle of Priority and was placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology as name No. 1657, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1963. Opinion 678. The suppression under the Plenary Powers of the pamphlet published by Meigen, 1800. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 20(5): 339–342 (339); this was done because Meigen's 1800 work was suppressed under the Plenary Powers at the same time; see Neave, S.A. 1939–1940. Nomenclator Zoologicus: A List of the Names of Genera and Subgenera in Zoology from the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the End of 1935. London : The Zoological Society of London Vol. 1–4 (696) for homonymy; Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Suppl. 9: 1–509 (462)].

  Type species:

   Papilio pylades Fabricius, 1793 by monotypy.
• Arisbe Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [89].

  Type species:

   Papilio leonidas Fabricius, 1793 by designation under Plenary Powers, see Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Suppl. 9: 1-509 [59] (discussed type species selection); International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1967. Opinion 823. Arisbe Hübner, [1819] (Insecta, Lepidoptera): designation of a type-species under the Plenary Powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24(4): 218-219 [218].
• Idaides Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [85].

  Type species:

   Papilio codrus Cramer, 1777 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [195] (see (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1958) [7] for publication date of Cramer, [1777]).
• Zetides Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [85] [junior objective synonym of Graphium Scopoli, 1777].

  Type species:

   Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [292].
• Ailus Billberg, G.J. 1820. Enumeratio Insectorum in Museo Gustave Johann Billberg. Stockholm : Typis Gadelianis 4 unnumbered + 138 pp. [In Latin] [81] [replacement name for Zelima Fabricius, 1807; International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1963. Opinion 678. The suppression under the Plenary Powers of the pamphlet published by Meigen, 1800. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 20(5): 339–342 (341) discussed suppression of the name Zelima Fabricius, 1807].

  Type species:

   Papilio pylades Fabricius, 1793 by indication.
• Chlorisses Swainson, W. 1832. Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their natural affinities. Vol. 2. London : Baldwin & Craddock 2nd Series pls 86–96. [issued 1832, dated 1832–1833] [pl. 89] [junior objective synonym of Graphium Scopoli, 1777].

  Type species:

   Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.
• Pathysa Reakirt, T. 1865. Notes upon exotic Lepidoptera, chiefly from the Philippine Islands, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 3: 443-504 [issued 1865, dated 1864] [503].

  Type species:

   Papilio antiphates Cramer, 1775 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [242] (see (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1958) [6] for publication date of Cramer [1775]).
• Dalchina Moore, F. 1881. The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1(2–4) pp. 41-190 pls 19-71. [issued 1881, dated 1880-1881] [143] [junior objective synonym of Graphium Scopoli, 1777].

  Type species:

   Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
• Paranticopsis Wood-Mason, J. & de Nicéville, L. 1887. List of the lepidopterous insects collected in Cachar by Mr. J. Wood-Mason. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 55: 343-393 pls 15-18 [dated 1886] [376] [first made available as a subgenus of Papilio Linnaeus, 1758].

  Type species:

   Papilio macareus Godart, 1819 by subsequent designation, see Talbot, G. 1939. Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies. (Papilionidae & Pieridae). London : British Museum Vol. 1 xxxix 600 pp. 1 map 3 pls. [200].
• Pazala Moore, F. 1888. Descriptions of Indian Lepidoptera Heterocera from the Collection of the Late Mr. W.S. Atkinson. Calcutta : Asiatic Society of Bengal Pt 3 pp. 199-299 pls 6-8. [283].

  Type species:

   Papilio glycerion Gray, 1831 by original designation.
• Deoris Moore, F. 1903. Lepidoptera Indica. Rhopalocera: family Papilionidae, sub-family Papilioninae (continued), family Pieridae, sub-family Pierinae. London : Lovell Reeve & Co. Vol. 6 pp. 1-104. [issued 1903, dated 1903–1905] [31].

  Type species:

   Papilio agetes Westwood, 1843 by original designation.
• Klinzigia Niculescu, E.V. 1977. Un nouveau genre de Graphiini: Klinzigia n. gen. (Lep. Papilionidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1977(Oct–Dec): 51-52 [51] [junior homonym of Klinzigia Lehrer, 1970 (Diptera); Hancock, D.L. 1983. Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach. Smithersia 2: 1–48 [23]; Edwards, M.A & Tobias, M.A. (eds) 1993. Nomenclator Zoologicus. London : The Zoological Society of London (1966–1977) Vol. 8 (248) homonymy].

  Type species:

   Papilio weiskei Ribbe, 1900 by original designation (= Graphium weiskei (Ribbe)).
• Klinzigiana Niculescu, E.V. 1989. L'armature génitale mâle des Papilionidea. (Lepidoptera-Aparasternia). Bulletin du Cercle des Lépidoptéristes de Belgique 18(1–2): 10-24 [12] [replacement name for Klinzigia Niculescu, 1977].

  Type species:

   Papilio weiskei Ribbe, 1900 (=Graphium weiskei (Ribbe, 1900)) by indication.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hancock, D.L. 1983. Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach. Smithersia 2: 1-48 [23]
• Niculescu, E.V. 1989. L'armature génitale mâle des Papilionidea. (Lepidoptera-Aparasternia). Bulletin du Cercle des Lépidoptéristes de Belgique 18(1–2): 10-24 [10-24] (synonymy of Klinzigia Niculescu, 1977 to Wallaceana Niculescu, 1989)

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

PAPILIONIDAE: Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758) — Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G. 2013. Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and its allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Neue Series 6: 223-246

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater, Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Northern Territory: N Gulf, N coastal
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Western Australia: N coastal
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
  • Maluku
• Papua New Guinea
• Solomon Islands
• Vanuatu

Oriental Region

Distribution References

General References

Hancock, D.L. 1983. Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach. Smithersia 2: 1-48 [21]

Munroe, E.G. 1961. The classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist Supplement 17: 1-51 [18]

Swinhoe, C. 1885. On the Lepidoptera of Bombay and the Decan. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1885(1): 124-148 pl. 9 [publication date] [145] (misspelling of Zetides Hübner, 1819 as Zethes)

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [168]
• Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [241]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya, Maluku), Papua New Guinea, Oriental Region.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
  • Maluku
• Papua New Guinea

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Polyalthia nitidissima (Dunal) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Canary Beech; Annona reticulata L. [ANNONACEAE] Custard Apple; Miliusa brahei (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE] Raspberry Jelly Tree; Annona muricata L. [ANNONACEAE] Soursop; Annona squamosa L. [ANNONACEAE] Sugar Apple; Melodorum leichhardtii (F.Muell.) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Wild Bananas; Polyalthia sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Miliusa traceyi Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Polyalthia michaelii C.T.White [ANNONACEAE]; Pseuduvaria froggattii (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Pseuduvaria hylandii Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Pseuduvaria mulgraveana Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Pseuduvaria villosa Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Uvaria concava Teysm. & Binn. [ANNONACEAE]; Uvaria rufa Reinw. ex Blume [ANNONACEAE]; Xylopia maccreae (F.Muell.) L.S.Sm. [ANNONACEAE]; Xylopia sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Cyathostemma micranthum (A.DC.) J.Sinclair [ANNONACEAE]; Desmos goezeanus (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Desmos sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Fitzalania heteropetala (F.Muell.) F.Muell. [ANNONACEAE]; Goniothalamus australis Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Haplostichanthus johnsonii F.Muell. [ANNONACEAE]; Haplostichanthus spp. [ANNONACEAE]; Meiogyne sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Melodorum urhii F.Muell. [ANNONACEAE]; Melodorum spp. [ANNONACEAE]; Annona glabra L. [ANNONACEAE]; Rollinia deliciosa Saff. [ANNONACEAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Introduced plants include Annona glabra, A. muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, Rollinia deliciosa (Annonaceae).

Details of nominate subspecies, not present in Australia

Graphium agamemnon agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758)

Papilio agamemnon Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Edition X, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 824 pp. [462].
Type data: lectotype LS, sex not stated; Linnaeus in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Corbet, A.S. 1942. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 3. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 11: 91–94 [93] (discussed the history and location of the type specimen); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [246] (referred to a holotype).
Subsequent designation: Corbet, A.S. 1941. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pts 1, 2. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 10: 8–27 [20] (referred to Clerck's figure of the type specimen); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (interpret Corbet's (1941) reference to a type as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985)).
Type locality: Canton, South-east China (as Asia in original description), see Corbet, A.S. 1949. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 7. Summary of determinations. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18: 191–199 [192, 194] (restricted type locality to Canton, China).

History of changes

• Papilio agamemnon ligatus Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6 [451].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂, Papua New Guinea (as New Guinea in original description; Waigeu Is. and Aru Is., Moluccas, Indonesia, Muyua (as Woodlark Is.), Solomon Sea Is. and QLD also mentioned).
  Paratype(s) BMNH 9♂ 16♀
  Comment: Rothschild in the original description mentioned many specimens and also mentioned a type; Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [247] (mentioned a syntype).

  Type locality references:

  Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp.
• Papilio agamemnon atreus Fruhstorfer, H. 1903. Verzeichnis der in Tonkin, Annam und Siam gesammelten Papilioniden und Besprechung verwandter Formen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 47(3–4): 167-234 [219].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown 2♂ 4♀, Kiriwina, Solomon Sea Is. and Fergusson, D'Entrecasteaux Is., Papua New Guinea (in original description)
  Comment: Fruhstorfer in the original description indicated that he had several specimens.
• Papilio agamemnon mynion Fruhstorfer, H. 1906. Neue Papilioniden. Entomologische Zeitschrift 20(2): 9-10 [10] [Fruhstorfer named this subspecies referring to Rothschild's Queensland paratypes of ligatus Rothschild; Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167–463 pl. 6 [451]].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 5♂ 5♀, Queensland (designated in original description)
  Comment: the syntypes of mynion are those paratypes of ligatus which came from Queensland.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [168]
• Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [247] (regarded obliteratus Lathy, 1899 as a synonym)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait Ils, Cape York to Yeppoon, QLD, extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
• Papua New Guinea

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore.

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [241] (biology)

Jordan, K. 1909. The Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. [Papilio]. pp. 25-112 in Seitz, A. (ed.). The Macrolepidoptera of the World: a systematic description of the hitherto known macrolepidoptera. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Vol. 9. [publication date: Griffin, F.J. 1936. The contents of the parts and the dates of appearance of Seitz' Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (The Macrolepidoptera of the World), Lieferungen 1 to 130 Palaearctic and 1 to 575 exotic. Vols 1 to 16, 1907–1935. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85(10): 243–279] [101] (description, distribution, comparison with other subspecies)

Tillyard, R.J. 1926. The Insects of Australia and New Zealand. Sydney : Angus & Robertson Ltd 560 pp. [460] (subsequent mispelling of ligatus as ligathus)

Tsukada, E. & Nishiyama, Y. 1982. Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. I Papilionidae. Japan : Plapac 457 pp. [494] (biology of Graphium agamemnon, referred Australian specimens to subspecies Graphium agamemnon mynion (Fruhstorfer, 1906))

Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [128]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [168] (biology)

History of changes

• Papilio anthedon C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864.

Generic Combinations

• Graphium anthedon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864).

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

History of changes

• Papilio choredon Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1864. Species Lepidopterorum hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae in seriem systematicam digestae. Pars prima. Papilionidae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14: 289-378 [305] [from an unpublished manuscript by Boisduval; Felder made reference to Gray (1853: 28, pl. 4, fig. 1) and identified Papilio sarpedon variety b. as being the same as Papilio choredon].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH unknown, Australia (as given by Gray)
  Comment: The Felders listed the species and referred to Gray (1853), they did not describe it but in referring to Gray's description and illustration they validated the name, they certainly had additional material but whether it should be considered type material when it was not described is doubtful; Gray, G.R. 1853. Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collections of the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionidae. London : British Museum 84 pp. 14 pls [issued 1853, dated 1852] [28] (illustrated and described two specimens from Australia); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101–133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [127] (mentioned a type female which came from Brisbane and which in his ms notes he said he saw at Tring); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [252] (referred to a holotype but knew of no type specimen); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (both Gray's and the Felder's specimens should be in the BMNH).

  Type locality references:

  Gray, G.R. 1853. Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Papilionidae. London : British Museum (Natural History) Part 1 iii 84 pp., 14 pls.; Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1864. Species Lepidopterorum hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae in seriem systematicam digestae. Pars prima. Papilionidae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14: 289-378 [305] (the Felders originally gave Australia, New Guinea, Waigiou and Woodlark Is. as localities); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [127] (recorded Brisbane as a label on a Felder 'type'); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938]; Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp.; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp.
• Papilio parsedon Westwood, J.O. 1872. Descriptions of some new Papilionidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 20(2): 85-110 pls 3-5 [99 pl. 5 figs 1-2].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH ♂ (Westwood in the original description mentioned a unique specimen), unknown (type locality unknown to Westwood)
  Comment: Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167–463 pl. 6 [442] (mentioned a type specimen in the Godman and Salvin collection now in BMNH); Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp. [9] (recorded the holotype in BMNH as a small, pale, male).

  Type locality references:

  Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6; Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Jordan, K. 1909. The Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. [Papilio]. pp. 25-112 in Seitz, A. (ed.). The Macrolepidoptera of the World: a systematic description of the hitherto known macrolepidoptera. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Vol. 9. [publication date: Griffin, F.J. 1936. The contents of the parts and the dates of appearance of Seitz' Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (The Macrolepidoptera of the World), Lieferungen 1 to 130 Palaearctic and 1 to 575 exotic. Vols 1 to 16, 1907–1935. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85(10): 243–279] [95] (synonymised parsedon with choredon)
• Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [252] (suggested that messogis Fruhstorfer, 1907 and corycus Fruhstorfer, 1907 may also be synonyms)
• Reboud, E.L., Nabholz, B., Chevalier, E., Lafon, B.J., Tilak, M-K., Mielke, C.G.C., Cotton, A.M. and Condamine, F.L. 2024. Clarifying the phylogeny and systematics of the recalcitrant tribe Leptocircini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) with whole‐genome data. Systematic Entomology 1-28

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758) [misidentification; removed from synonymy with G. serpedon, see Page & Treadaway (2013)]. —
  Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G. 2013. Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and its allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Neue Series 6: 223-246

Introduction

Page and Treadaway (2013) revised the Graphium sarpedon (Linneaus, 1758) complex from SE Asia and recognised eight species based on evidence from wing colour pattern, morphology (male and female genitalia) and, for some taxa, pattern of divergence DNA sequences on GenBank (ND5 mtDNA and 28S rRNA). The subspecies Graphium sarpedon choredon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) from Australia was considered to be a species distinct from G. sarpedon based on differences in pigmentation/scale structure and in the structure of the male and female genitalia. The type material of Papilio choredon C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864 was not examined. Populations from mainland New Guinea and adjacent islands and the Solomon Islands were treated as a separate species, Graphium isander (Godman & Salvin, 1888) and distinguished from G. choredon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864) according to minor differences in the size and shape of the tail on vein M3 of the hind wing, the structure of the male and female genitalia, and overall body size. However, in a more comprehensive molecular phylogeny based on up to 13 genetic loci captured from 26 samples using anchored hybrid enrichment, Cotton et al. (2022) showed that G. choredon and G. isander, which were recovered as closely related sister taxa, were nested within Graphium anthedon (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864), thus rendering G. anthedon paraphyletic. Reboud et al. (2024) therefore provisionally treated the taxa choredon and isander as subspecies of G. anthedon pending further taxonomic research of the G. sarpedon complex.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Gulf of Carpentaria, NE oceanic, N Gulf, NE coastal, SE coastal, Murray-Darling basin, QLD, NSW, ACT, Torres Strait Ils to ACT; extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu. Reported as reasonably abundant on Hammond Island, Torres Strait by Lane & Moulds (2015: 31)

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore.

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [237] (biology)

Cotton, A.M., Doleck, T., Zhang, X., Inayoshi, Y., Lohman, D.J. & Hu, S-J. 2022. Graphium septentrionicolus Page & Treadaway, 2013 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is a distinct species. Zootaxa 5154(2): 211-224

James, D.G. 1988. Induction of pupal diapause in Papilio aegeus aegeus Donovan and Graphium sarpedon choredon (C. & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 15(1): 39-44 [39]

Miskin, W.H. 1891. A synonymical catalogue of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (Butterflies) of Australia with full bibliographical reference: including descriptions of some new species. Annals of the Queensland Museum 1: [i]-xx 1-[93] [i]-ix [4] (Papilio choredon listed as a synonym of Papilio sarpedon)

Olliff, A.S. 1889. Australian Butterflies a brief account of the native families, with a chapter on collecting and preserving insects. Sydney : Natural History Association of New South Wales 48 pp. [35] (biology, Papilio choredon described as a variety of Papilio sarpedon)

Page, M.G.P. & Treadaway, C.G. 2013. Speciation in Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus) and its allies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Papilionidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Neue Series 6: 223-246 (full species status, and exclusion of Graphium sarpedon from Australia)

Reboud, E.L., Nabholz, B., Chevalier, E., Lafon, B.J., Tilak, M-K., Mielke, C.G.C., Cotton, A.M. and Condamine, F.L. 2024. Clarifying the phylogeny and systematics of the recalcitrant tribe Leptocircini (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) with whole‐genome data. Systematic Entomology 1-28

Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6 [442, 443] (described parsedon and choredon as subspecies of Papilio sarpedon, suggested synonymy of parsedon and choredon)

Waterhouse, G.A. 1903. Catalogue of the Rhopalocera of Australia. Memoirs of the NSW Naturalists' Club No. 1. iii 49 pp. [37]

Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [127]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [167] (as Papilio sarpedon choredon, biology)

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [166]
• Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [242]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya, Maluku), Papua New Guinea, Oriental Region.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
  • Maluku
• Papua New Guinea

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Polyalthia nitidissima (Dunal) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Canary Beech; Pseuduvaria froggattii (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Miliusa traceyi Jessup [ANNONACEAE]).

Details of nominate subspecies, not present in Australia

Graphium aristeus aristeus (Stoll, 1780)

Papilio aristeus Stoll, C. In Cramer, P. 1780. Uitlandsche Kapellen. [Dutch title] or Papilions exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amérique. [French title]. Vol. 4(26b–28). Amsterdam Baalde and Utrecht : Wild. pp. 29–90 pls 305–336 [issued 1780, dated 1775–1790] [60 pl. 318 figs E, F] [issued 1780, dated 1775–1790, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1958. Opinion 516. Determination under the plenary powers of the relative precedence to be assigned to certain works on the Order Lepidoptera (Class Insecta) published in 1775 by Pieter Cramer, Michael Denis & Ignaz Schiffermüller, Johann Christian Fabricius, Johann Casper Fuessly, and S.A. von Rottemburg respectively. Opinions and Declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 19: 1–44 [43]].
Type data: type status and whereabouts unknown possibly ♂; Stoll in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [254] (mentioned a holotype but knew of no type specimen).
Type locality: Ambon, Maluku, Indonesia (as l'Isle Molucque, d'Amboine in original description).

General References

Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [254]

History of changes

• Papilio parmatus Gray, G.R. 1853. Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Papilionidae. London : British Museum (Natural History) Part 1 iii 84 pp., 14 pls. [30 pl. 3 fig. 2].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH Rh11080 ♂, Australia (designated in original description)
  Comment: Gray in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Gray, G.R. 1856. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionidae. London : British Museum 106 pp. [41] (indicated that there was a single specimen in the BMNH); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [254] (gave holotype information); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (Gray's indication of a single specimen accepted as evidence for a holotype).

  Type locality references:

  Gray, G.R. 1856. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Papilionidae. London : British Museum (Natural History) Part 1 iii 106 pp.; Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp.; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp.
• Papilio pherecrates Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1865. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Bd 2, Abtheilung 2, Heft 1. Wien : Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften pp. 1-136 pls 1-21. [issued 1865, dated 1864–1867] [56].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♂, Manokwari, Irian Jaya (as Dorey, in original description)
  Comment: the Felders in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; originally in Felder collection, possibly in NHMW; Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167–463 pl. 6 [419] (could not locate a type in the Felder collection although it was stated to be in the Felder collection in the original description).

  Type locality references:

  Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6.
• Papilio aristeus parmatinus Fruhstorfer, H. 1909. Neue Papilioniden des indo-australischen Faunengebietes. Entomologische Zeitschrift 22(41): 169-171 [170].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown 10♂, Waigeo, Maluku, Indonesia (as Waigui in original description)
  Comment: Fruhstorfer in the original description stated that he had 10 males in the Fruhstorfer collection.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6 [419] (synonymy of parmatus, pherecrates and guineensis)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Cape York to Rockhampton, QLD; extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
• Papua New Guinea

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore.

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [242] (biology)

Hopkinson, M. & Hopkinson, A. 2007. A range extension for Graphium aristeus parmatum (Gray) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in northern Queensland. Australian Entomologist 34(3): 76 [76] (range extension to near Weipa, Cape York Peninsula)

Valentine, P.S. & Johnson, S.J. 1989. Observations on the life history of Graphium aristeus parmatum (Gray) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Australian Entomological Magazine 16(1): 17-20 [17] (biology)

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [166] (description, distribution)

History of changes

• Papilio codrus Cramer, P. 1777. Uitlandsche Kapellen. [Dutch title] or Papilions exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amérique. [French title]. Amsterdam Baalde and Utrecht : Wild Vol. 2 1-152 pls 92-192. [issued 1777, dated 1775–1790].

Generic Combinations

• Graphium codrus (Cramer, 1777).

Introduction

Lambkin & Knight (2005) recorded this species from Dauan Island, Torres Strait.

General References

Lambkin, T.A. & Knight, A.I. 2005. New Australian butterfly records (Lepidoptera) from Saibai and Dauan Islands, Torres Strait, Queensland. Australian Entomologist 32: 49–54

History of changes

• Papilio medon Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1864. Species Lepidopterorum hucusque descriptae vel iconibus expressae in seriem systematicam digestae. Pars prima. Papilionidae. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 14: 289-378.
• Papilio codrus papuensis Wallace, A.R. 1865. On the phenomena of variation and geographical distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidae of the Malayan region. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 1-71, 1-8 pls.

Generic Combinations

• Graphium codrus medon (C. & R. Felder, 1864).

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [167]
• Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [239]

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Maluku), Papua New Guinea, Oriental Region.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: SE coastal
  • Northern Territory: N Gulf, N coastal
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
  • Western Australia: N coastal
• Indonesia
  • Irian Jaya
  • Maluku
• Papua New Guinea

Oriental Region

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Polyalthia nitidissima (Dunal) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Canary Beech; Polyalthia australis (Benth.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE] China Pine; Annona reticulata L. [ANNONACEAE] Custard Apple; Miliusa brahei (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE] Raspberry Jelly Tree; Annona muricata L. [ANNONACEAE] Soursop; Annona squamosa L. [ANNONACEAE] Sugar Apple; Melodorum leichhardtii (F.Muell.) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Wild Bananas; Artabotrys sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Desmos goezeanus (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Desmos sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Fitzalania heteropetala (F.Muell.) F.Muell. [ANNONACEAE]; Melodorum spp.; Miliusa traceyi Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Polyalthia sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Pseuduvaria froggattii (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE]; Uvaria concava Teysm. & Binn. [ANNONACEAE]; Uvaria rufa Reinw. ex Blume [ANNONACEAE]; Annona glabra L. [ANNONACEAE]; Magnolia sp. [MAGNOLIACEAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Introduced plants include Annona glabra, A. muricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa (Annonaceae), Magnolia sp. (Magnoliaceae).

Details of nominate subspecies, not present in Australia

Graphium eurypylus eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Papilio eurypylus Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Edition X, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 824 pp. [464].
Type data: lectotype whereabouts unknown sex unknown; Linnaeus in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; originally in Museum of Queen Ludovica Ulrica of Sweden, now part of ZIUU; Corbet, A.S. 1942. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 3. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 11: 91–94 [93] (noted type missing from ZIUU and LS); Corbet, A.S. 1949. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 7. Summary of determinations. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18: 191–199 [195] (noted type missing from ZIUU and LS); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [253] (referred to a holotype).
Subsequent designation: Corbet, A.S. 1941. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pts 1, 2. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 10: 8–27 [13] (referred to a holotype); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. [13] (interpret Corbet's (1941) reference to a holotype as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985); although Corbet could not locate a specimen in ZIUU he gave the figure number of it in Clerck and designating a figure is acceptable even though there is no evidence that the figure was based on a single specimen).
Type locality: Ambon (as Amboina; Linnaeus in original description gave East Indies (as Indiis)), see Corbet, A.S. 1949. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 7. Summary of determinations. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18: 191–199 [193, 195] (restricted the type locality to Ambon (as Amboina)).

General References

Doubleday, E. in Doubleday, E. & Westwood, J.O. 1847. The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Illustrated by W.C. Hewitson. London : Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans Vol. 1 pp. xii 1-18 pls A 1-4. [issued 1847, dated 1846-1850, publication dates] [14] (incorrect subsequent spelling as eurypilus)

Godart, J.B. 1819. Zoologie. Vol. 9 Pt 1 pp. 13–328 in Latreille, P.A. & Godart, J.B. Encyclopédie Méthodique. Histoire Naturelle. Entomologie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes. Paris. [publication date: Sherborn, C.D. & Woodward, B.B. 1906. On the dates of publication of the natural history portions of the Encyclopédie Méthodique. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 17: 577–582; Cowan, C.F. 1968. [publication dates] Enc. Méth. 9. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History 4(7): 307–311, 390 [310]; Sherborn, C.D. & Woodward, B.B. 1899. On the dates of the Encyclopédie Méthodique: additional note. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899(3): 595] [45] (incorrect subsequent spelling as eurypilus)

History of changes

• Papilio lycaon Felder, C. & Felder, R. 1865. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Bd 2, Abtheilung 2, Heft 1. Wien : Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften pp. 1-136 pls 1-21. [issued 1865, dated 1864–1867] [68] [from an unpublished manuscript by Boisduval; earlier recorded uses of the name are nom. nud.].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH ♂, Brisbane, Australia (the Felders gave Australia as type locality; Waterhouse (1937: 128) suggested Brisbane as type locality; Waterhouse (1936: 7) stated that type had a Brisbane label)
  Comment: the Felders in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp. [7] (stated that the type was in the Rothschild collection).

  Type locality references:

  Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Cape York, QLD, to Sydney, NSW, rare vagrant to ACT.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: SE coastal
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore.

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [239] (biology)

Sankowsky, G. 1991. New food plants for some Queensland butterflies. Australian Entomological Magazine 18(1): 9-19 [10]

Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [128]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [167] (description, distribution)

History of changes

• Papilio eurypylus lycaonides Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6 [430] [incorrect subsequent spelling of eurypylus as eurypilus].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) BMNH 12♂, Humboldt Bay, coast near Arfak, Ati-Ati-Onin, Irian Jaya, Waigeu, Aru Is., Indonesia; Fergusson Is., Papua New Guinea (given in original description)
  Comment: Rothschild in the original description mentioned 12 males but did not mention a type.
• Papilio eurypylus priscus Fruhstorfer, H. 1907. Neue Papilio-Rassen aus dem indo-australischen Gebiet. Entomologische Zeitschrift 21(30): 182-184 [182].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown 6♂ 1♀, Waigeo, Indonesia (in original description as Waigiu)
  Comment: Fruhstorfer in the original description mentioned several specimens.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [254]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Occurs only on the Torres Strait Ils in Australia; extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: NE coastal
• Indonesia
  • Irian Jaya
• Papua New Guinea

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore.

General References

D'Abrera, B. 1990. Butterflies of the Australian Region. Melbourne : Hill House 416 pp. [Date published 31-Dec-90] [114]

Lambkin, T.A. & Knight, A.I. 1990. Butterflies recorded from Murray Island, Torres Strait, Queensland. Australian Entomological Magazine 17(4): 101-112 [101]

Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [253] (misspelled lycaenoides)

History of changes

• Papilio eurypylus nyctimus Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [167 fig. 568].

  Type data:

   Lectotype AM KL13801 ♂, Darwin, NT (designated in original description).
  Paralectotype(s) AM KL13802 1♀, Darwin, NT
  Comment: the original description listed seven males and eight females; other paralectotypes were not listed by Peters.

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Yampi Sound, WA, Melville Is., Daly River Crossing, Darwin, Alligator River, Cobourg Peninsula and Groote Eylandt, NT, and possibly Doomadgee, QLD.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA

NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Northern Kimberley (NK), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Northern Territory: N Gulf, N coastal
  • Queensland: N Gulf
  • Western Australia: N coastal

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Polyalthia nitidissima (Dunal) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Canary Beech).

Extra Ecological Information

Larvae recorded November and December.

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [240] (biology)

Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [128]

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [240]

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya, Maluku), Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
  • Maluku
• Papua New Guinea

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Annona muricata L. [ANNONACEAE] Soursop; Desmos sp. [ANNONACEAE]; Rollinia deliciosa Saff. [ANNONACEAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Introduced plants include Annona muricata, Rollinia deliciosa.

History of changes

• Papilio macfarlanei Butler, A.G. 1877. On a collection of Lepidoptera from Cape York and the south-east coast of New Guinea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1877(3): 466-475 [publication date: Duncan, F.M. 1937. Dates of publication of the society's Proceedings, 1859–1926. With an appendix containing the dates of publication of "Proceedings" 1830–1858, compiled by the late F.H. Waterhouse, and of the "Transactions", 1833–1869, by the late Henry Peavot, originally published in P.Z.S. 1893, 1913. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London A 107: 71–84] [471].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH Rh.11119 ♀, Papua New Guinea (as New Guinea in original description).
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH ♀
  Comment: Butler in the original description indicated that he described two specimens; Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp. [7] (label data indicate nature of type specimens and identifiers).

  Type locality references:

  Waterhouse, G.A. 1936. [unpublished personal manuscript of observations made at the BMNH (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Danainae)]. Photocopy located at ANIC, Canberra, ACT. 29 pp.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait Ils, Cape York to Ingham, QLD; extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Aru Islands, Irian Jaya, Maluku), Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Rollinia deliciosa Safford. [ANNONACEAE] Brazilian Custard Apple; Annona reticulata Linn. [ANNONACEAE] Custard Apple (confirmed (Hopkinson 2013)); Polyalthia longifolia pendula (Sonn) Thw. [ANNONACEAE] Indian Mast Tree; Miliusa traceyi Jessup [ANNONACEAE] Miliusa Tree; Miliusa brahei (F.Muell.) Jessup [ANNONACEAE] Raspberry Jelly Tree; Annona muricata L. [ANNONACEAE] Soursop; Annona squamosa L. [ANNONACEAE] Sugar Apple; Melodorum leichardtii (F.Muell.) Benth. [ANNONACEAE] Wild Bananas; Desmos sp. [ANNONACEAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Other record for host plant is "possibly" Xylopia (see Braby 2000)

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [240] (biology)

Hopkinson, M. 2013. Life history notes anbd new food plant records for Graphium macfarlanei macfarlanei (Butler, 1877) Lepidoptera: Papilionidae: Papilioninae). Australian Entomologist 40(3): 101-110

Rothschild, L.W. 1895. A revision of the Papilios of the eastern hemisphere, exclusive of Africa. Novitates Zoologicae 2(3): 167-463 pl. 6 [446] (description, distribution)

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [168]

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement

• Braby, M.F. 2000. The Butterflies of Australia, their identification, biology and distribution. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing xx 976 pp.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Extralimital distribution—Papua New Guinea.

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Queensland: NE coastal
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
• Papua New Guinea

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl [LAURACEAE] Camphor Laurel; Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C.Sm. [WINTERACEAE] Mountain Pepperbush; Daphnandra repandula (F.Muell.) F.Muell. [MONIMIACEAE] Northern Sassafras; Doryphora aromatica (F.M.Bailey) L.S.Sm. [ATHEROSPERMATACEAE] Northern Sassafras; Daphnandra micrantha (Tul.) Benth. [MONIMIACEAE] Socketwood; Atherosperma moschatum Labill. [MONIMIACEAE]; Doryphora sassafras Endl. [MONIMIACEAE]; Geijera salicifolia Schott [RUTACEAE]; Tasmannia xerophila M.Gray [WINTERACEAE]; Cryptocarya erythroxylon Maiden [LAURACEAE]; Cryptocarya hypsopodia F.Muell. [LAURACEAE]; Cryptocarya triplinervis R.Br. [LAURACEAE]; Endiandra discolor Benth. [LAURACEAE]; Endiandra pubens Meisn. [LAURACEAE]).

Extra Ecological Information

Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) is introduced.

History of changes

• Papilio macleayanus insulana Waterhouse, G.A. 1920. Descriptions of new forms of butterflies from the South Pacific. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 45(3): 468-471 [470].

  Type locality references:

  Peters, J.V. 1971. A Catalogue of the Type Specimens of the Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) in the Australian Museum. Greenwich, NSW : Australian Entomological Press 36 pp. [18].

Generic Combinations

• Graphium macleayanus insulanum (Waterhouse, 1920).

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl [LAURACEAE] Camphor Laurel; Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C.Sm. [WINTERACEAE] Mountain Pepperbush; Daphnandra repandula (F.Muell.) F.Muell. [MONIMIACEAE] Northern Sassafras; Doryphora aromatica (F.M.Bailey) L.S.Sm. [ATHEROSPERMATACEAE] Northern Sassafras; Daphnandra micrantha (Tul.) Benth. [MONIMIACEAE] Socketwood; Atherosperma moschatum Labill. [MONIMIACEAE]; Doryphora sassafras Endl. [MONIMIACEAE]; Geijera salicifolia Schott [RUTACEAE]; Tasmannia xerophila M.Gray [WINTERACEAE]; Cryptocarya erythroxylon Maiden [LAURACEAE]; Cryptocarya hypsopodia F.Muell. [LAURACEAE]; Cryptocarya triplinervis R.Br. [LAURACEAE]; Endiandra discolor Benth. [LAURACEAE]; Endiandra pubens Meisn. [LAURACEAE]).

History of changes