Genus Giardia Künstler, 1882
- Giardia Künstler, J. 1882. Sur cinque Protozoaires parasites nouveaux. Compte rendu de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 95: 347-349 [349].
Introduction
Unidentified species recorded from most Australian states.
Distribution
IBRA
Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)
Ecological Descriptors
Parasitic (host(s): Perameles sp. [PERAMELIDAE] Bandicoot (faeces); Melopsittacus undulatus (Shaw, 1805) [PSITTACIDAE] Budgerigar (intestines); Trichosurus vulpecula (Kerr, 1792) [PHALANGERIDAE] Common Brushtail Possum (faeces); Pseudocheirus peregrinus (Boddaert, 1785) [PETAURIDAE] Common Ringtail Possum (faeces); Vombatus ursinus (Shaw, 1800) [VOMBATIDAE] Common Wombat (syn. Phascolom mitchelli; faeces); Canis familiaris dingo Linnaeus, 1758 [CANIDAE] Dingo (= Canis lupus dingo; faeces); Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859) [ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE] Dog Hookworm (Hall, 1913; gut); Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758 [CANIDAE] Domestic Dog (faeces); Perameles gunnii Gray, 1838 [PERAMELIDAE] Eastern Barred Bandicoot (faeces); Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) [CASUARIIDAE] Emu (gut); Cavia porcellus Linnaeus, 1758 [CAVIIDAE] Guinea Pig (syn. Cavia cutleri Bennett, 1835; gut, faeces); Rattus villosissimus (Waite, 1898) [MURIDAE] Long-haired Rat (gut); Potorous tridactylus (Kerr, 1792) [POTOROIDAE] Long-nosed Potoroo (= P. gilberti; faeces); Chenonetta jubata (Latham, 1801) [ANATIDAE] Maned Duck (faeces (IMS)); Trichosurus arnhemensis Collett, 1897 [PHALANGERIDAE] Northern Brushtail Possum (faeces); Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 [SUIDAE] Pig (faeces (+ PCR)); Macropus rufogriseus (Desmarest, 1817) [MACROPODIDAE] Red-necked Wallaby (syn. M. bennetti; faeces); Pseudocheirus langinosus (Gould, 1858) [PETAURIDAE] Ringtail Possum; Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758 [BOVIDAE] Sheep (gut, faeces (+ PCR)); Isoodon obesulus (Shaw, 1797) [PERAMELIDAE] Southern Brown Bandicoot (syn. Thylacis obesulus; intestines, faeces); Threskiornis spinicollis (Jameson, 1835) [THRESKIORNITHIDAE] Straw-necked Ibis (intestines); Cacatua galerita (Latham, 1790) [CACATUIDAE] Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (intestines); Sarcophilus harrisii (Boitard, 1841) [DASYURIDAE] Tasmanian Devil (faeces); Thylogale billardierii (Desmarest, 1822) [MACROPODIDAE] Tasmanian Pademelon (faeces); [PETAURIDAE] Unidentified possum species (faeces); Test [MACROPODIDAE] Unidentified wallaby species (faeces); Macropus sp. [MACROPODIDAE] (faeces)).
Extra Ecological Information
Unidentified species of Giardia have been found in the listed parasite hosts.
General References
Adams, P.J., Monis, P.T., Elliot, A.D. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2004. Cyst morphology and sequence analysis of the small subunit rDNA and ef1 alpha identifies a novel Giardia genotype in a quenda (Isoodon obesulus) from Western Australia. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 4: 365-370
Armson, A., Yang, R., Thompson, J., Johnson, J., Reid, S. & Ryan, U. 2009. Giardia genotypes in pigs in Western Australia: prevalence and association with diarrhea. Experimental Parasitology 121: 381-383
Bettiol, S.S., Kettlewell, J.S., Davies, N.J. & Goldsmid, J.M. 1997. Giardiasis in native marsupials of Tasmania. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33: 352-354
Box, E.D. 1981. Observations on Giardia of budgerigars. Journal of Protozoology 28: 491-494
Bugg, R.J., Robertson, I.D., Elliot, A.D. & Thompson, R.C.A. 1999. Gastrointestinal parasites of urban dogs in Perth, Western Australia. Veterinary Journal 157: 295-301
Cox, P., Griffith, M., Angles, M., Deere, D. & Ferguson, C. 2005. Concentrations of pathogens and indicators in animal feces in the Sydney watershed. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71: 5929-5934
Forshaw, D., Palmer, D.G., Halse, S.A., Hopkins, R.M. & Thompson, R.C.A. 1992. Giardia in straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) in Western Australia. Veterinary Record 131: 267-268
Gallagher, A.N., Gartrell, B.D. & Upcroft, J.A. 1995. Pathogenic Giardia isolated from a wild-trapped sulphur crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita). pp. 23-27 in Cross, G.M. (ed.). Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Avian Vetinarians. Dubbo : Australian Veterinary Association.
Hampton, J., Spencer, P.B.S., Elliot, A.D. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2006. Prevalence of zoonotic pathogens from feral pigs in major public drinking water catchments in Western Australia. EcoHealth 3: 103-108
Hirai, K., Sawa, H., Yamashita, T., Shimakura, S. & Hashimoto, A. 1980. Giardia infection in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). Jpn. Journal of Veterinary Science 42: 615-617
Kettlewell, J.S., Bettiol, S.S., Davies, N., Milstein, T. & Goldsmid, J.M. 1998. Epidemiology of giardiasis in Tasmania: a potential risk to residents and visitors. Journal of Travel Medicine 5: 127-130
Ladds, P. 2009. Pathology of Australian Native Wildlife. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing 640 pp.
Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160
Mayrhofer, G., Andrews, R.H., Ey, P.L., Albert, M.J., Grimmond, T.R. & Merry, D.J. 1992. The use of suckling mice to isolate and grow Giardia from mammalian faecal specimens for genetic analysis. Parasitology 105: 255-263
McRoberts, K.M., Meloni, B.P., Halse, S.A. & Thompson, R.C.A. 1994. Scanning electron microscopy and isoenzyme electrophoresis of Giardia isolated from the straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) in Western Australia. pp. 67-68 in Thompson, R.C.A., Reynoldson, J.A. & Lymbery, A.J. (eds). Giardia: From Molecules to Disease. Wallingford : CAB International.
McRoberts, K.M., Meloni, B.P., Morgan, U.M., Marano, R., Binz, N., Erlandsen, S.L., Halse, S.A. & Thompson, R.C.A. 1996. Morphological and molecular characterization of Giardia isolated from the straw-necked ibis (Threskiornis spinicollis) in Western Australia. Journal of Parasitology 82: 711-718
Milstein, T.C. & Goldsmid, J.M. 1997. Parasites of feral cats from southern Tasmania and their potential significance. Australian Veterinary Journal 75: 218-219
Panigrahy, B., Grimes, J.E. & Clark, F.D. 1984. Zoonoses in psittacine birds. Journal of Infectious Diseases 149: 123-124
Ranford, L.R., Jones, M.K. & Prociv, P. 2001. Giardia trophozoites in dog hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum: accident or hyperparasitism. Acta Tropica 80: 77-79
Ryan, U.M., Bath, C., Robertson, I., Read, C., Elliot, A., Mcinnes, L., Traub, R. & Besier, B. 2005. Sheep may not be an important zoonotic reservoir for Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71: 4992-4997
Ryan, U.M., Samarasinghe, B., Read, C., Buddle, J.R., Robertson, I.D. & Thompson, R.C.A. 2003. Identification of a novel Cryptosporidium genotype in pigs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 3970-3974
Stewart, J. 1994. Ratites. pp. 1284-1326 in Ritchie, B.W., Harrison, G.J. & Harrison, L.R. (eds). Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. New York : Wingers Publishers.
Thompson, J., Yang, R., Power, M., Hufschmid, J., Beveridge, I., Reid, S., Ng, J., Armson, A. & Ryan, U. 2008. Identification of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in marsupials in Australia. Experimental Parasitology 120: 88-93
Thompson, R.C.A., Lymberry, A.J. & Meloni, B.P. 1990. Genetic variation in Giardia Kunstler, 1882: taxonomic and epidemiological significance. Protozoology Abstracts 14: 1-28
Thompson, R.C.A., Lymbery, A.J. & Smith, A. 2010. Parasites, emerging disease and wildlife conservation. International Journal for Parasitology 40: 1163-1170
Turner, A.W. & Murnane, D. 1932. Giardia in sheep in Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 10: 53-56
Upcroft, J.A., McDonnell, P.A., Gallagher, A.N., Chen, N. & Upcroft, P. 1997. Lethal Giardia from a wild-caught sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) established in vitro chronicaly infects mice. Parasitology 114: 407-412
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01-Apr-2015 | 01-Apr-2015 | MOVED | ||
| 12-Mar-2015 | EXCAVATA Cavalier-Smith, 2002 (emend. Simpson (2003)) | 12-Mar-2015 | MOVED | |
| 12-Mar-2015 | EXCAVATA Cavalier-Smith, 2002 (emend. Simpson (2003)) | 12-Mar-2015 | MOVED | |
| 12-Mar-2015 | EXCAVATA Cavalier-Smith, 2002 (emend. Simpson (2003)) | 12-Mar-2015 | MOVED | |
| 12-Mar-2015 | SARCOMASTIGOPHORA Honigberg & Balamuth, 1934 | 10-Apr-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 26-Jul-2012 | 12-Mar-2015 | MODIFIED | ||
| 20-Jul-2011 | ADDED |