Species Exoneura (Exoneura) bicolor Smith, 1854
- Exoneura bicolor Smith, F. 1854. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part II. Apidae. London : British Museum pp. 199-465. [Date published 31/12/1854] [232].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH Hym.17.b.339 ♀, Australia—as New Holland on label, Australia (Swan River), Van Diemens Land in description, type locality not resolved).
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria
IBRA
NSW, Qld, Tas, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Flinders (FLI), King (KIN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM)
Ecological Descriptors
Adult: mellivore, volant.
Larva: sedentary.
Extra Ecological Information
Nest in dead, dry stems (Callistemon R.Br. [Myrtaceae], Eucalyptus L'Hérit. [Myrtaceae], Melaleuca L. [Myrtaceae], Rubus L. [Rosaceae], Xanthorrhoea Sm. [Xanthorrhoeaceae]), dead fronds (Cyathea Smith [Cyatheaceae], Dicksonia L'Hérit. [Dicksoniaceae]), semisocial, two or more adult females may be present in one nest, not all females lay eggs, all immature stages found in the communal chamber, larvae fed progressively, flower visiting record: Boronia Sm. [Rutaceae], Daviesia Sm. [Fabaceae], Helichrysum Miller s.lat. [Asteraceae], Hypochaeris L. [Asteraceae], Jacksonia Smith [Fabaceae], Pultenaea Sm. [Fabaceae].
Misidentification
Note frequent misidentification of species involved in social and biological studies.
General References
Blows, M.W. & Schwarz M.P. 1991. Spatial distribution of a primitively social bee: does genetic population structure facilitate altruism? Evolution 45(3): 680-693 [680] (biology)
Bull, N.J. & Schwarz, M.P. 1996. The habitat saturation hypothesis and sociality in an allodapine bee: cooperative nesting is not "making the best of a bad situation". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 39(4): 267-274 [Date published October] [267] (biology)
Bull, N.J. & Schwarz, M.P. 1997. Rearing of non-descendant offspring in an allodapine bee, Exoneura bicolor Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae): a preferred strategy or queen coercion? Australian Journal of Entomology 36(4): 391-394 [Date published December] [391] (biology)
Cane, J.H. 1979. The hind tibiotarsal and tibial spur articulations in bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 52: 123-137 [Date published 31/12/1979] (morphology)
Cane, J.H. & Michener, C.D. 1983. Chemistry and function of mandibular gland products of bees of the genus Exoneura (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 9: 1525-1531 [Date published 31/12/1983] (taxonomy, gland products)
Cockerell, T.D.A. 1929. Bees from the Australian region. American Museum Novitates 346: 1-18 [Date published 31/12/1929] (flower record)
Friese, H. 1899. Die Bienengattung Exoneura Sm. Entomologische Nachrichten. Dresden 25: 209-211 [Date published 31/12/1899] (description of male)
Hogendoorn, K. & Schwarz M.P. 1998. Guarding specialisation in pre-reproductive colonies in the allodapine bee Exoneura bicolor. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 10(1): 67-77 [Date published March] [67] (biology)
Melna, P.A. & Schwarz, M.P. 1994. Behavioural specialization in pre-reproductive colonies of the allodapine bee Exoneura bicolor (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Insectes Sociaux 41: 1-18 [1] (biology)
Michener, C.D. 1963. Division of labour among primitively social bees. Science (Washington, D.C.) 141: 434-435 [Date published 31/12/1963] (biology)
Michener, C.D. 1965. A classification of the bees of the Australian and South Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 130: 1-362 [Date published 31/12/1965] [243] (flower record)
Michener, C.D. 1965. The life cycle and social organization of bees of the genus Exoneura and their parasite, Inquilina (Hymenoptera: Xylocopinae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 317-358 [Date published 31/12/1965] (biology)
Michener, C.D. 1983. The parasitic Australian allodapine genus Inquilina (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 56: 555-559 [Date published 31/12/1983] (as host)
Michener, C.D. & Houston, T.F. 1991. Apoidea. pp. 993-1000 in CSIRO (ed.). The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press Vol. 2 pp. 543-1137. (illustration)
O'Keefe, K.J. & Schwarz, M.P. 1990. Pheromones are implicated in reproductive differentiation in a primitively social bee. Naturwissenschaften 77: 83-86 [Date published 31/12/1990] (biology)
Reyes, S.G. 1998. A cladistic analysis of the bee tribe Allodapini (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae). Philippine Entomologist 12(1): 55-84 [73]
Schwarz, M.P. 1986. Persistent multi-female nests in an Australian allodapine bee, Exoneura bicolor (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Insectes Sociaux 33: 258-277 [Date published 31/12/1986] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. 1987. Intra-colony relatedness and sociality in the allodapine bee Exoneura bicolor. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 21: 387-392 [Date published 31/12/1987] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. 1988. Local resource enhancement and sex ratios in a primitively social bee. Nature (London) 331: 346-348 [Date published 31/12/1988] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. 1988. Notes on cofounded nests in three species of social bees in the genus Exoneura (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Victorian Naturalist 105: 212-215 [Date published 31/12/1988] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. 1994. Female-biased sex ratios in a facultatively social bee and their implications for social evolution. Evolution 48(5): 1684-1697 [1684] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P., Bull, N.J. & Hogendoorn, K. 1998. Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: a review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution. Insectes Sociaux 45: 349-368 [351] (bicolor of authors = robusta or nigrescens, bicincta of authors = bicolor)
Schwarz, M.P., Lowe. R.M. & Lefevere, K.S. 1996. Kin association in the allodapine bee Exoneura richardsoni Rayment (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 35(1): 65-71 [Date published February] [65] (biology compared)
Schwarz, M.P., Scholz, O. & Jensen, G. 1987. Ovarian inhibition among nestmates of Exoneura bicolor Smith (Hymenoptera: Xylocopinae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 26: 355-359 [Date published 31/12/1987] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. & Blows, M.W. 1991. Kin association during nest founding in the bee Exoneura bicolor: active discrimination, philopatry and familiar landmarks. Psyche (Cambridge) 98: 241-250 [Date published 31/12/1991] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. & O'Keefe, K.J. 1991. Cooperative nesting and ovarian development in females of the predominantly social bee Exoneura bicolor Smith (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) after forced solitary eclosion. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 30: 251-255 [Date published 31/12/1991] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. & O'Keefe, K.J. 1991. Order of eclosion and reproductive differentiation in a social allodapine bee. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 3: 233-245 [233] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. & Overholt, L.A. 1993. Methods for rearing allodapine bees in artificial nests (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 32(4): 357-363 [Date published November 30] [357] (biology)
Schwarz, M.P. & Woods, R.E. 1994. Order of adult eclosion is a major determinant of reproductive dominance in the allodapine bee Exoneura bicolor. Animal Behaviour 47: 373-378 [373] (biology)
Silberbauer, L.X. 1992. Founding patterns of Exoneura bicolor Smith in Cobboboonee State Forest, southwestern Victoria. The Australian Zoologist 28(1-4): 67-73 [Date published December] [67] (biology)
Silberbauer, L.X. 1997. The effect of non-synchronous dispersal on brood production in an allodapine bee, Exoneura bicolor Smith (Apidae, Allodapini). Insectes Sociaux 44: 95-107 [95] (biology)
Sugden, E. 1988. Inside the (secret) societies of native bees. Australian Natural History 22: 381-384 [Date published 31/12/1988] (biology)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22-Oct-2015 | 20-Sep-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 07-Aug-2012 | 23-Jul-2012 | MODIFIED | ||
| 29-Mar-2010 | MODIFIED |