Subspecies Ypthima arctous arctous (Fabricius, 1775)

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Subspecies Ypthima arctous arctous (Fabricius, 1775)

Dingy Ring

Papilio arctous Fabricius, J.C. 1775. Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiae [= Flensburg & Leipzig] : Kortii xxxii 832 pp. [Date published 17 April] [489].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH Rh5042 ♂, Endeavour River, Cooktown, QLD (as nova Hollandia in original description)
Comment: Fabricius in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Riley, N.D. & Gabriel, A.G. 1924. Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera in the British Museum. Part I. Satyrinae. London : British Museum 62 pp. [8] (listed a single type specimen in the BMNH and gave type information); Waterhouse, G.A. 1938. Notes on Jones' Icones (Lepidoptera). With footnotes and appendix by Sir Edward B. Poulton. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A 13(1–3): 9–17 [12] (referred to a holotype); Zimsen, E. 1964. The Type Material of I.C. Fabricius. Copenhagen : Munksgaard 656 pp. [515] (listed a single male in the Banks collection); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [567] (referred to a holotype); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (as Fabricius described the species from the Banks collection and since there is only one Banksian specimen, this is accepted as evidence for a holotype).
Type locality references:
Watkins, H.T.G. 1923. Notes on the butterflies of the Banks Collection. The Entomologist 56: 204-209 [205] (suggested Cooktown, QLD, as the type locality); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Presidential address: The biology and taxonomy of the Australasian butterflies. Report of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science 23: 101-133 [also issued as a repaginated separate in 1938] [101] (mentioned Endeavour River, QLD, as the likely type locality); Waterhouse, G.A. 1938. Notes on Jones' Icones (Lepidoptera). With footnotes and appendix by Sir Edward B. Poulton. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A 13(1–3): 9-17 [10] (confirmed Endeavour River, QLD, as the probable type locality); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [567] (stated that Butler gave Port Essington as the type locality; this is impossible as Cook's first voyage did not call in on the north-western coast of Australia).
Ypthima arctoides Hewitson, W.C. 1865. A monograph of the genus Yphthima; with descriptions of two new genera of diurnal Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 2(4): 281-293 pls 17-18 [284] [name given to Donovan's illustration of Papilio arctous Fabricius, 1775, stated to be from the Bank's coll., Donovan, E. 1805. An Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea, Otaheite, and Other Islands in the Indian, Southern, and Pacific Oceans: including the figures and descriptions of one hundred and fifty-three species of the more splendid, beautiful, and interesting insects, hitherto discovered in those countries, and which for the most part have not appeared in the works of any preceding author. pp. i–iv text unnumbered [41] pls unnumbered. (pl. [24]); Waterhouse, G.A. 1938. Notes on Jones' Icones (Lepidoptera). With footnotes and appendix by Sir Edward B. Poulton. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A 13(1–3): 9–17 (12) resolved the confusion over the identification of the species and concluded that the Donovan figures were inaccurate copies of Jones' illustration of Papilio arctous Fabricius, 1775 from the Drury coll. in Jones, W. 1783. Icones. [unpublished original watercolour paintings with added notes]. Located at Oxford University, Hope Department of Entomology 6 Vols. [approx. 1783–1818]].
Type data:
Holotype BMNH sex not stated (Hewitson based the name on the illustration in Donovan), Australia (as New Holland by both Butler and Jones; it is probable that the holotype was from Cooktown, QLD, from Cook's first voyage, but also possible that it came from Sydney, NSW, in early days of settlement)
Comment: Waterhouse, G.A. 1938. Notes on Jones' Icones (Lepidoptera). With footnotes and appendix by Sir Edward B. Poulton. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A 13(1–3): 9–17 [12] (discussed the illustration by Donovan and showed that it was copied from Jones Icones and not from the Banksian specimen as Donovan had stated); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (that Jones illustrated a single specimen has always been assumed, but not demonstrated; it is treated here as a holotype).
Type locality references:
Waterhouse, G.A. 1938. Notes on Jones' Icones (Lepidoptera). With footnotes and appendix by Sir Edward B. Poulton. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London A 13(1–3): 9-17 [10] (explained Jones' system and the origin of some of the specimens illustrated by Jones and Donovan).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Several observed on Torres Strait islands

Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IBRA and IMCRA regions (map not available)

drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones (map not available)

IBRA

NSW, NT, Qld, Vic: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), NSW North Coast (NNC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
- Northern Territory: N Gulf, N coastal
- Queensland: Murray-Darling basin, N Gulf, NE coastal
- Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal