Order TRICHOPTERA

Museums

Regional Maps

Introduction

The first Australian caddis-fly species, Plectrotarsus gravenhorstii, was described by Kolenati in 1848. This species was later found to represent an endemic Australian family, Plectrotarsidae, and although the original description gave the type locality as Western Australia (Australia occidentali), the species is restricted to SE Australia and Tasmania. Once common along the coastal habitats south-east of Melbourne, it has disappeared almost completely, no doubt due to the destruction of its natural habitat. In 1852, the well-known British entomologist, Francis Walker, in his Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, described and recorded several additional caddis-fly species from Van Diemens Land (Tasmania) and New Holland (Australia). Among those listed was a variety of Plectrotarsus gravenhorstii from Tasmania, which later was recognised as a separate species by Mosely (1936a).

Some of the localities given by Walker (1852) have proved erroneous. Notidobia latifascia Walker and Goera elegans Walker, described a few pages apart, were recorded as North American, but both names are synonymous and represent the well-known Australian species Anisocentropus latifascia (Walker). A similar situation was discovered by Neboiss (1984) where the presumed Australian species described by Walker as Monopseudopsis inscriptus (=Macronema australis McLachlan, 1862) is, in fact, the North American species Macrostemum zebratum (Hagen, 1861). All these specimens had originated from the ‘Entomological Club’. A search through early records and labels revealed the use of abbreviated handwritten designation ‘NH’ for New Holland and ‘NA’ for North America. It appears that, at least in some instances, the ‘H’ and ‘A’ were misinterpreted and led to the mistaken identity of the country of origin.

Up to the end of the nineteenth century, information on the Australian caddis-fly fauna increased very slowly and, including the few species described by Brauer (1865) and McLachlan (1866, 1871), the total reached only ten. The first record of larvae, although mistakenly identified as a mollusc, appeared in the Meeting notices of the Royal Society of Tasmania (Dyer 1879); this note undoubtedly refers to larvae of the family Helicopsychidae.

At the beginning of the 20th century, two regional surveys added a considerable amount of new information. They were the Hamburg–South West Australian expedition 1905–06 and Dr Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Queensland 1910–13. The caddis-fly material of both expeditions was examined and new species were described by Ulmer (1908 & 1916, respectively).

Banks (1913, 1920), Martynov (1914), Tillyard (1922) and Navás (1923, 1934) each added few new species, but more comprehensive works were published by Mosely (1933, 1934, 1936b) and Banks (1939). In the first major study on Australian and New Zealand Trichoptera (Mosely & Kimmins 1953), information on the entire fauna was brought together, numerous new species described, distributions recorded and family arrangements discussed. This work brought the total number of Australian species to 177 in 69 genera, representing 17 families.

In the following three decades the increasing interest and awareness of environmental protection, associated with water quality and pollution problems, called for wider and more detailed information on aquatic insects. In many instances the accumulated survey material represented undescribed species and provided the basis for the ensuing studies. Family classification was analysed by Ross (1956, 1967) and Riek (1968, 1977), new species were added by Korboot (1964), Jacquemart (1965a, 1965b) and Schmid (1969). More extensive revisional works in several groups were published by Neboiss (1962–1984) and Morse & Neboiss (1982). The studies of Australian Hydroptilidae by Wells (1979–1985) raised the number of known species of the family in Australia from 15 to 97; by the end of the year 2001, 130 species had been described. In a checklist of the Australian caddis-flies, Neboiss (1983) listed a total of 405 species in 24 families, but only three years later, in the Atlas of Trichoptera of the SW Pacific-Australian Region, Neboiss (1986) ascribed and illustrated 441 species for Australia. Neboiss & Walker (1989) listed the Trichoptera types held in the Museum Victoria. When updated in 2012, the Australian Trichoptera included 26 families, 109 genera, and 786 species (Oct. 2012). By May 2019, these figures had been increased to 27 families and 851 species. Australian Trichoptera species are also listed on the Trichoptera World Checklist at http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/.

In a publication by St Clair et al. (2018) the Antipodoeciidae, previously considered to be an Australian endemic family, was synonymised with the Neotropical family, Anomalopsychidae, thus reducing the family level endemicity in Australia to two: Plectrotarsidae and Heloccabucidae.

Faunistic studies published since publication of Neboiss (1983) include those of Dean & Cartwright (1987: faunistics and phenology of Trichoptera in a central Victorian stream); Pearson et al. (1986) and Benson & Pearson (1988: faunistics and phenology of Trichoptera in a tropical Queensland stream); Dean & Cartwright (1992: Trichoptera the Pelion Valley, Tasmanian World Heritage Area); Walker et al. (1995a, 1995b: the Trichoptera of the Queensland Wet Tropics); and Wells & Cartwright (1993: the Trichoptera of the Jardine River area of Cape York). The systematics of Australian Trichoptera were summarised by Neboiss (1994a).

A higher classification of Trichoptera was presented by Holzenthal et al. (2011) has been adopted here. Below is a list of families occurring in the Australian fauna, with numbers of species described (at May 2019) in brackets.

Antipodoeciidae (1)
Atriplectididae (2)
Calamoceratidae (10)
Calocidae (32)
Chathamiidae (2)
Conoesucidae (23)
Dipseudopsidae (1)
Ecnomidae (123)
Glossosomatidae (23)
Helicophidae (7)
Helicopsychidae (15)
Heloccabucidae (1)
Hydrobiosidae (67)
Hydropsychidae (55)
Hydroptilidae (158)
Kokiriidae (5)
Leptoceridae (180)
Limnephilidae (2)
Odontoceridae (5)
Oeconesidae (1)
Philopotamidae (82)
Philorheithridae (15)
Plectrotarsidae (5)
Polycentropodidae (18)
Psychomyiidae (3)
Stenopsychidae (9)
Tasimiidae (7)

The type material has been located for all but one species, Chimarra australis (Navás 1923). All publications containing original descriptions have been sighted.

"Realisation of the value of Trichoptera in studies on freshwater systems has led to a profusion of identification keys, and emphasis on studies of immature stages. An illustrated key to adults at family and genus level was published by Neboiss (1992b) and an invaluable series of preliminary guides/keys is now available. These include keys to larvae of all families and genera in Australia (Dean, St Clair & Cartwright 1995; Dean et al. 1995), and several dealing with one or more families, produced for the series of workshops run by the Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology (Dean 1991, 1997, 1999, 2000; Cartwright 1997a, 1997b; St Clair 1997, 2000a, 2000b; Wells 1997; Jackson 1998). The internet LucID interactive key to Australian Aquatic Invertebrates enables family level identification of Australian caddisfly larvae and is available at http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/lwrrdc/public/Aquatics/.

Acknowledgements

The information on type specimens provided by Dr P.C. Barnard of British Museum (Natural History), London has been invaluable. Sincere thanks are also due to Dr A. Wells, Zoology Department, University of Adelaide; Miss J.C. Cardale, Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Division of Entomology, Canberra; Dr T. New, Zoology Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora; and Mr K. Walker, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, who were always available for comments and criticism.

The type material, deposited in a number of Australian and overseas institutions, was examined in the course of previous revisional works and during the preparation of the Checklist (Neboiss 1983). The cooperation of these Institutions has been greatly appreciated." (Neboiss 1988)

A. Wells is grateful for assistance from D. Cartwright, R. St Clair, J. Dean and A. Neboiss in the updating of the 1988 Catalogue.

Database Notes

The information on the Australian Faunal Directory site for the Trichoptera is derived from the Zoological Catalogue of Australia database compiled on the Platypus software program. It was updated by A. Wells, ABRS and incorporates changes made to the work published on 23 December, 1988 as (Neboiss, A., 1988). Last updated 22 May, 2003.

Limital Area

Distribution data in the Directory is by political and geographic region descriptors and serves as a guide to the distribution of a taxon. For details of a taxon's distribution, the reader should consult the cited references (if any) at genus and species levels.

Australia is defined as including Lord Howe Is., Norfolk Is., Cocos (Keeling) Ils, Christmas Is., Ashmore and Cartier Ils, Macquarie Is., Australian Antarctic Territory, Heard and McDonald Ils, and the waters associated with these land areas of Australian political responsibility. Political areas include the adjacent waters.

Terrestrial geographical terms in Neboiss (1983) were based on the drainage systems of continental Australia; the marine terms were self explanatory except the following: the boundary between the coastal and oceanic zones is the 200 m contour; the Arafura Sea extends from Cape York to 124°E; and the boundary between the Tasman and Coral Seas is considered to be the latitude of Fraser Island, also regarded as the southern terminus of the Great Barrier Reef.

Distributions have been converted to IBRA regions, but these are not always accurate as they were approximated from the original drainage basins and have not all been updated since the import into the current software.

Distribution records, if any, outside of these areas are listed as extralimital. The distribution descriptors for each species are collated to genus level. Users are advised that extralimital distribution for some taxa may not be complete.

 

General References

Banks, N. 1913. Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neuroptera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 39: 201-242 [Date published 26 Aug. 1913]

Banks, N. 1920. Trichoptera. pp. 342-362 in Banks, N. New neuropteroid insects. Native and exotic. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 64: 299-362 pls 1-7 [Date published Oct. 1920]

Banks, N. 1939. Trichoptera. pp. 479-504 in Banks, N. New genera and species of neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 85: 439-504

Benson, L.J. & Pearson, R.G. 1988. Diversity and seasonality of adult Trichoptera captured in a light trap at Yuccabine creek, a tropical Australian rainforest stream. Australian Journal of Ecology 13: 337-344

Brauer, F. 1865. Zweiter Bericht über die auf der Weltfahrt der kais. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Neuropteren. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 15: 415-422

Cartwright, D.I. 1990. The Australian species of Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 51: 1-48

Cartwright, D.I. 1997a. Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Late Instar Larvae of Australian Ecnomidae, Philopotamidae and Tasimiidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) Identification Guide No. 10. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 33 pp.

Cartwright, D.I. 1998b. Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Late Instar Larvae of Australian Polycentropodidae, Glossosomatidae, Dipseudopsidae and Psychomyiidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide No. 15. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 28 pp.

Dean, J.C. 1991. Preliminary Keys for Identification of Late Instar Larvae of the Australian Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera). Presented at the Taxonomy Workshop held at The Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre, Albury, February 1991. Unpublished.

Dean, J.C. 1997. Larvae of the Australian Hydrobiosidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide No. 11. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 53 pp.

Dean, J.C. 1999. Preliminary Keys for the Identification of Australian Trichoptera Larvae of the Family Hydropsychidae. Identification Guide No. 22. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 40 pp.

Dean, J.C. 2000. Preliminary Keys for the Identification of Australian Caddisfly Larvae of the Families Antipodoeciidae, Atriplectididae, Limnephilidae and Plectrotarsidae. Identification Guide No. 31. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 16 pp.

Dean, J.C., St Clair, R.M., Cartwright, D.I. & Wells, A. 1995. Identification of late instar larvae of Australian Trichoptera genera. Unpublished report prepared for the MRHI within the LWRRDC. 73 pp.

Dean, J.C., St Clair, R.M. & Cartwright, D.I. 1995. A key to late instar larvae of Australian Trichopteran families. pp. 66-101 in Hawking, J.H. (ed.). Monitoring River Health Initiative Taxonomic Workshop Handbook. Albury : Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre.

Dean, J.C. & Cartwright, D.I. 1987. Trichoptera of a Victorian forest stream: species composition and life histories. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 845-860

Dean, J.C. & Cartwright, D.I. 1992. Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera of the Pelion Valley, Tasmanian World Heritage Area. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Victoria 5: 73-79

Dyer, B.R. 1879. Meeting notices. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1878: 17

Hagen, H. 1861. Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, with a list of South American species. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 4: 249-298 [Date published July 1861]

Holzenthal, R.W., Blahnik, R.J., Prather, A.L. & Kjer, K.M. 2011. Order Trichoptera Kirby 1813 (Insecta), Caddisflies. Zootaxa 1668: 639-698

Jackson, J. 1998. Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Late Instar Larvae of Australian Calocidae, Helicophidae and Conoesucidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology Identification Guide No. 16. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 81 pp.

Jackson, J. 2000. Threatened Trichoptera (caddisflies) from the Tasmanian wilderness world heritage area. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 134: 55-62

Jacquemart, S. 1965a. Une espèce et un genre nouveaux de Trichoptère de Tasmanie. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 41(18): 1-6 [Date published June 1965]

Jacquemart, S. 1965b. Contribution à la connaissance de la fauna Trichopterologique de la Tasmanie et de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 41(35): 1-47 [Date published Sept. 1965]

Jacquemart, S. 1965. Une espèce et un genre nouveaux de Trichoptère de Tasmanie. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 41(18): 1-6 [Date published June 1965]

Johanson, K.A. 1995. Eight new species and revised key to Australian Helicopsyche (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae). Entomologica Scandinavica 26: 241-272

Kjer, K.M., Blahnik, R.J. & Holzenthal, R.W. 2001. Phylogeny of Trichoptera (caddisflies): characterisation of signal and noise within multiple datasets. Systematic Biology 50(6): 781-816

Kolenati, F.A. 1848. Genera et species Trichopterorum. Pars 1. Actis Regiae Bohemicae Societatis Scientarum, Prague 6: 1-108, 3 pls

Korboot, K. 1964. Four new species of caddis flies (Trichoptera) from eastern Australia. Journal of the Entomological Society of Queensland 3: 32-41 [Date published 9 Mar. 1964]

Martynov, V. 1914. Notice sur quelques formes nouvelles de Trichoptères, provenant de diffèrentes localités. Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba. Mission G. F. de Witte 19: 125-133 [Date published June 1914]

McLachlan, R. 1866. Descriptions of new or little-known genera and species of exotic Trichoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3 5: 247-278 [Date published June 1866]

McLachlan, R. 1871. On new forms, &c., of extra-European Trichopterous insects. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 11: 98-141 pls 2-4

Morse, J.C. & Neboiss, A. 1982. Triplectides of Australia (Insecta: Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 43: 61-98 [Date published 8 Oct. 1982]

Mosely, M.E. 1933. The genus Smicridea McLach. (Trichoptera) in Tasmania. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10 12: 216-221 [Date published Aug. 1933]

Mosely, M.E. 1934. New exotic Hydroptilidae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 82: 137-163 [Date published June 1934]

Mosely, M.E. 1936a. Tasmanian Trichoptera or Caddis-flies. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1936: 395-424

Mosely, M.E. 1936b. A revision of the Triplectidinae, a subfamily of the Leptoceridae (Trichoptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85: 91-129 [Date published Mar. 1936]

Mosely, M.E. & Kimmins, D.E. 1953. The Trichoptera (Caddis-flies) of Australia and New Zealand. London : British Museum (Natural History) 550 pp. [Date published 6 Feb. 1953]

Navás, L. 1923. Estudio sobre Neurópteros. Arxius de l' Institut de Ciencies. Barcelona 7: 179-203

Navás, L. 1934. Trichópteros nuevos o interesantes. Brotéria 30: 81-95

Neboiss, A. 1962. The Australian Hydrobiosinae (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae). Pacific Insects 4: 521-582 [Date published 10 Oct. 1962]

Neboiss, A. 1974a. Additions to the family Kokiriidae (Trichoptera). Victorian Naturalist 91: 175-179 [Date published June 1974]

Neboiss, A. 1974b. A new Caddis-fly genus from Victoria and Tasmania (Philorheithridae: Trichoptera). Victorian Naturalist 91: 322-325 [Date published Dec. 1974]

Neboiss, A. 1975. The family Oeconesidae (Trichoptera) from New Zealand and Tasmania. Australian Entomological Magazine 2: 79-84 [Date published June 1975]

Neboiss, A. 1977. A taxonomic and zoogeographic study of Tasmanian caddis-flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 38: 1-208 [Date published 4 Apr. 1977]

Neboiss, A. 1979. A review of caddis-flies from three coastal islands of south-eastern Queensland (Insecta: Trichoptera). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 29(1978): 825-843 [Date published 18 Jan. 1979]

Neboiss, A. 1980. Australian species of the genus Anisocentropus McLachlan (Calamoceratidae: Trichoptera). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31: 193-213 [Date published 10 June 1980]

Neboiss, A. 1981. Tasmanian Caddis-flies. Fauna of Tasmania Handbook No. 4. Hobart : Univ. Tasmania 180 pp.

Neboiss, A. 1982. The caddis-flies (Trichoptera) of south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 30: 271-325 [Date published 1 June 1982]

Neboiss, A. 1983. Checklist and Bibliography of the Australian Caddis-flies (Trichoptera). Caulfield East : Australian Society for Limnology Special Publication Vol. 5 132 pp. [Date published Feb. 1983]

Neboiss, A. 1984. Review of taxonomic position of Australian and New Guinean species previously ascribed to Macronema (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 96: 127-139

Neboiss, A. 1986. Atlas of Trichoptera of the SW Pacific — Australian Region. (Series Entomologica Vol. 37). Dordrecht : Dr W. Junk 286 pp.

Neboiss, A. 1988. Trichoptera. pp. 177-267 in Houston, W.W.K. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Ephemeroptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service Vol. 6 xi 316 pp.

Neboiss, A. 1989. The Oecetis reticulata species-group from the south-west Pacific area (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 59: 191-202

Neboiss, A. 1992a. Comparative study of tentorial structures in caddis-flies (Trichoptera). pp. 283-290 in Tomaszewski, C. (ed.). Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Poznan, Poland : Adam Mickiewicz University Press.

Neboiss, A. 1992b. Illustrated keys of the families and genera of Australian Trichoptera. 1. Adults Australian Society for Limnology Special Publication No. 9.

Neboiss, A. 1994a. Trichoptera (caddis-flies, caddises). pp. 388-394 in Naumann, I.D. (ed.). Systematic and Applied Entomology. An Introduction. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press.

Neboiss, A. 1994b. A review of the genus Paranyctiophylax Tsuda from Sulawesi, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 54: 191-205

Neboiss, A. 2003. New genera and species, and new records, of Tasmanian Trichoptera (Insecta). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 136: 43-82 [dated 2002]

Neboiss, A. & Walker, K. 1989. Types of Trichoptera (Insecta) held in the Museum of Victoria. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Victoria 4: 43-56

Neboiss, A. & Wells, A. 1997. Australian Triaenodes species: an overview. pp. 373-378 in Holzenthal, R.W. & Flint, O.S, Jr (eds). Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Columbus, Ohio : Ohio Biological Survey xiii 496 pp.

Pearson, R.G., Benson, L.J. & Smith, R.E.W. 1986. Diversity and abundance of the fauna in Yuccabine Creek, a tropical rainforest stream. pp. 329-342 in De Deckker, P. & Williams, W.D. (eds). Limnology in Australia. Melbourne/Dordrecht : CSIRO/Dr W. Junk 671 pp.

Riek, E.F. 1968. A new family of caddis-flies from Australia (Trichoptera: Tasimiidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 7: 109-114

Riek, E.F. 1977. The marine caddisfly family Chathamiidae (Trichoptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 15(1976): 405-419 [Date published 7 Jan. 1977]

Ross, H.H. 1956. Evolution and Classification of the Mountain Caddisflies. Urbana : Univ. Illinois Press 213 pp.

Ross, H.H. 1967. The evolution and past dispersal of Trichoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 12: 169-206

Schmid, F. 1969. La famille des Stepnopsychides (Trichoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 101: 187-224 [Date published Feb. 1969]

St Clair, R.M. 1997. Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Late Instar Larvae of Australian Philorheithridae, Calamoceratidae and Helicopsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Identification Guide No. 12.

St Clair, R.M. 2000a. Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Late Instar Larvae of Australian Leptoceridae (Insecta: Trichoptera) Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Identification Guide No. 27.

St Clair, R.M. 2000b. Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Late Instar Larvae of Australian Odontoceridae, Kokiriidae and Oeconesidae (Insecta: Trichoptera) Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Identification Guide No. 30.

St Clair, R.M., Dean, J.C. & Flint jr, O.S. 2018. Description of adults and immature stages of Antipodoecia Mosely from Australia and synonymy of the families Antipodoeciidae and Anomalopsychidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Zootaxa 4532(1): 125–136 [Date published 17 Dec. 2018]

Tillyard, R.J. 1922. Descriptions of four new species of Australian caddis-flies. The Australian Zoologist 2: 75-83 [Date published 10 Feb. 1922]

Ulmer, G. 1908. Trichopteridae und Ephemeridae. pp. 25-46 in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna von Südwest Australiens. Band 1 Lieferung 8. Jena : G. Fischer viii 488 pp. 1 pl.

Ulmer, G. 1916. Results of Dr E. Mjöberg's Swedish Scientific expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. Trichoptera. Arkiv för Zoologi 10: 1-23 [Date published 7 July 1916]

Walker, F. 1852. Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 1 pp. 1-192.

Walker, K., Neboiss, A., Dean, J. & Cartwright, D. 1995a. A preliminary investigation of the Caddis-flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of the Queensland Wet Tropics. Australian Entomologist 22: 19-31

Walker, K., Neboiss, A., Dean, J. & Cartwright, D. 1995b. A preliminary investigation of the caddis-flies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of the Queensland Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. Melbourne : Entomology Department, Museum of Victoria.

Wells, A. 1979a. A review of the Australian species of Hydroptila Dalman (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), with descriptions of new species. Australian Journal of Zoology 26: 745-762 [Date published 24 Jan. 1979: dated 1978]

Wells, A. 1979b. A review of the Australian genera Xuthotrichia Mosely and Hellyethira Neboiss (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), with descriptions of new species. Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 311-329 [Date published 14 Apr. 1979]

Wells, A. 1979c. The Australian species of Orthotrichia Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 27: 585-622 [Date published 13 Dec. 1979]

Wells, A. 1980. A review of the Australian genera Orphninotrichia Mosely and Maydenoptila Neboiss (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae), with descriptions of new species. Australian Journal of Zoology 28: 627-645 [Date published 28 Oct. 1980]

Wells, A. 1981. The genera Oxyethira Eaton, Gnathotrichia Ulmer and Stenoxyethira Kimmins (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 29: 103-118 [Date published 2 Mar. 1981]

Wells, A. 1982. Tricholeiochiton Kloet & Hincks and new genera in the Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Australian Journal of Zoology 30: 251-270 [Date published 1 June 1982]

Wells, A. 1983. New species in the Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), with observations on relationships and distributions. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 629-649 [Date published 7 Aug. 1983]

Wells, A. 1984. Comparative studies of antennal features of adult Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). pp. 423-440 in Morse, J.C. (ed.). Proceedings of the 4th international Symposium on Trichoptera, Clemson 1983 (Series Entomologica: 30). The Hague : W. Junk.

Wells, A. 1985. Larvae and pupae of Australian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera), with observations on general biology and relationships. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 113: 1-69 [Date published 31 Oct. 1985]

Wells, A. 1997. A Preliminary Guide to the Identification of Larval Hydroptilidae (Insecta: Trichoptera). Identification Guide No. 13. Co-operative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology, Albury. 28 pp.

Wells, A. 2000. New Australian Oecetis species allied to O. complexa Kimmins (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 58(1): 77-88

Wells, A. & Cartwright, D. 1993. Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Odonata of the Jardine River area, Cape York, northern Queensland. pp. 221-230 in Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. (ed.). Report of the Cape York Peninsula Scientific Expedition. Brisbane : Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Inc. Vol. 1.

Wiggins, G.B. 1982. Trichoptera. pp. 599-612 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw-Hill Vol. 2.

 

History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
04-Aug-2021	TRICHOPTERA	19-Jul-2021	REVIEWED
05-Jun-2019	TRICHOPTERA	21-May-2019	MODIFIED
11-Oct-2012		15-Feb-2016	MODIFIED
01-Nov-2011		19-Mar-2012	MODIFIED
		12-Feb-2010	(import)