Species Toxidia xiphiphora (Lower, 1911)
Sword-brand Grass-skipper, Xiphiphora Skipper
- Hesperilla xiphiphora Lower, O.B. 1911. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 112-172 [130].
Type data:
Lectotype SAMA ♂, Port Darwin, NT (designated in original description).
Paralectotype(s) SAMA 1♀, Port Darwin, NT; AM KL08238 2♂; AM KL08238 2♂ 1♀, Pt Darwin, NT
Comment: Lower in the original description mentioned 15 specimens and types; Peters, J.V. 1971. A Catalogue of the Type Specimens of the Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) in the Australian Museum. Greenwich, NSW : Australian Entomological Press 36 pp. [14] (type specimen identifier).Subsequent designation references:
Waterhouse, G.A. 1933. Notes on the type specimens of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) in the museums in Australia, with special reference to those in the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 5(1): 49-62 [58] (referred to a holotype); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [116] (referred to a holotype); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (interpret Waterhouse's (1933) reference to a holotype as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985)).
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Toussaint, E.F.A., Braby, M.F., Müller, C.J., Petrie, E.A. and Kawahara, A.Y. 2022. Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1407–1421 [Date published August 2022]
Generic Combinations
- Neohesperilla xiphiphora (Lower, 1911).
- Toxidia xiphiphora (Lower, 1911).
Distribution
States
Northern Territory, Queensland
Extra Distribution Information
Darwin, Daly River, Koongara, near Borroloola and Groote Eylandt, NT, Moa, Thursday and Prince of Wales lIs, Torres Strait, Cape York to Bogie River near Millaroo, QLD.
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NT, Qld: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Central Arnhem (CA), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Pine Creek (PCK), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)
Ecological Descriptors
Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Schizachyrium perplexum S.T.Blake [POACEAE]).
General References
Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [144] (biology)
Johnson, S.J., Valentine, P.S. & Lane, D.A. 1994. Notes on life histories and biology of the species of Neohesperilla Waterhouse and Lyell (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Australian Entomologist 21(2): 55-59 [58] (biology)
Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [194] (description)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07-Mar-2024 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Feb-2023 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 22-Dec-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby (ANU) |
| 13-May-2022 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 26-Feb-2021 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Jun-2020 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 06-Sep-2017 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 06-Sep-2017 | HESPERIIDAE | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Lyn Randall |
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED |