Subspecies Toxidia rietmanni rietmanni (Semper, 1879)
White-brand Skipper
- Hesperilla rietmanni Semper, G. 1879. Beitrag zur Rhopalocerenfauna von Australien. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg V(14): 138-194 pls 8, 9 [dated 1878] [187 (51 in separate)].
Type data:
Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♂ ♀, Sydney, NSW (Semper gave Sidney [sic] in original description)
Comment: Semper indicated in the original description that he had both sexes; Evans, W.H. 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). London : British Museum xix 502 pp. 53 pls [216] (did not refer to a type but listed a male from Sydney). - Telesto extranea Plötz, C. 1884. Die Hesperiinen-Gattung Telesto Boisd., und ihre Arten. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 45(10–12): 376-384 [383] [the name extranea was given to Plötz by Herrich-Schäffer in an unpublished manuscript; Plötz' fig. 803 referred to in the original description was unpublished; Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 62(3–4): 107–125 [108] discussed Plötz' collection and unpublished drawings].
Type data:
Status unknown, whereabouts unknown ♀, Australia (as Neu-Holland in original description)
Comment: Plötz in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 62(3–4): 107–125 [116] (referred to Plötz unpublished illustration in identifying this species) Evans, W.H. 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). London : British Museum xix 502 pp. 53 pls [216] (referred to Plötz unpublished illustration in identifying this species).Type locality references:
Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [116] (was doubtful of the identity of the species and for this reason did not suggest a type locality as he would normally have done for a species described from Australia but having several subspecies recognised from within that area); Evans, W.H. 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). London : British Museum xix 502 pp. 53 pls. [216] (suggested a type locality of NSW). - Telesto leucostigma Meyrick, E. & Lower, O. 1902. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 26(2): 38-129 [73].
Type data:
Lectotype SAMA ♂, Mount Kembla, NSW (Meyrick & Lower mentioned Kuranda and Brisbane, QLD, and Mt Kembla, NSW, in original description)
Comment: Meyrick & Lower indicated in the original description that they had one specimen of each sex.Subsequent designation references:
Meyrick, E. & Lower, O. 1902. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 26(2): 38-129 [73] (mentioned two specimens but listed three localities); Waterhouse, G.A. 1933. Notes on the type specimens of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) in the museums in Australia, with special reference to those in the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 5(1): 49-62 [53] (referred to a holotype); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [116] (mentioned a holotype); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (interpret Waterhouse's (1933) reference to a holotype as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985)).Type locality references:
Lower, O.B. 1908. Descriptions of new Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 32: 311-317 [312] (included the Kuranda, QLD, specimen in ssp. parasema Lower); Lower, O.B. 1911. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 112-172 [125] (gave localities as Sydney, NSW, to Cairns, QLD); Waterhouse, G.A. 1933. Notes on the type specimens of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) in the museums in Australia, with special reference to those in the South Australian Museum. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 5(1): 49-62 [53] (stated that the holotype was a male labelled 'Sydney' but the locality should be Mt Kembla, NSW); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [116] (stated that the holotype came from near Sydney, NSW).
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Queensland
Extra Distribution Information
From Mt Archer near Rockhampton, QLD, to Tilba Tilba, NSW.
Australian Endemic.
IBRA
NSW, Qld: NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ)
Ecological Descriptors
Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Oplismenus sp. [POACEAE]).
Closed forest, coastal, subtropical, tall open forest, temperate, volant.
Extra Ecological Information
Adults in margins of rain forest and vine thickets, recorded September to April.
General References
Atkins, A.F. 1988. The life history of Pasma tasmanica (Miskin) and Toxidia rietmanni (Semper) (Hesperiidae: Trapezitinae). Australian Entomological Magazine 14(6): 93-97 [93] (biology)
Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [140] (biology)
Meyrick, E. & Lower, O. 1902. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 26(2): 38-129 [73, 127] (Telesto leucostigma recognised as a new species, Hesperilla rietmanni and Telesto extranea listed as unrecognised and reputed Australian species)
Waterhouse, G.A. 1932. What Butterfly is That? A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia. Illustrated by Neville Cayley. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 291 pp. 34 pls. [Date published 15/Dec/1932] [231] (as Toxidia leucostigma, description and habitat)
Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [191] (as Toxidia leucostigma, description)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07-Mar-2024 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Feb-2023 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 22-Dec-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby (ANU) |
| 13-May-2022 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 26-Feb-2021 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Jun-2020 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 06-Sep-2017 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 06-Sep-2017 | HESPERIIDAE | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Lyn Randall |
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED |