Species Toxidia crocea (Miskin, 1889)
Crocea Skipper, Narrow-brand Grass-skipper
- Hesperilla croceus Miskin, W.H. 1889. Descriptions of some new species of Australian Hesperidae. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 6(4): 146-154 [publication date: Anon. 1889. Royal Society of Queensland. Annual Meeting, 12th July, 1889. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 6: i–xi [iv, vi, x]] [150].
Type data:
Lectotype QM T.12431 ♂, Cooktown, QLD (Lower gave Brisbane and Cooktown in original description).
Paralectotype(s) QM T.12432 1♀, unknown (Hancock said 'probably from Brisbane')
Comment: Miskin in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (Waterhouse in manuscript notes on the Miskin collection dated 1910 stated that Miskin had a male and a female, the female was a specimen of Neohesperilla xanthomera (Meyrick & Lower)) Hancock, D.L. 1995. The butterfly types of W. H. Miskin in the Queensland Museum (Lepidoptera). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(2): 519–528 [526] (type information).Subsequent designation references:
Lower, O.B. 1911. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 112-172 [131] (referred to a type male and a type female, and was also aware that there was one type male because he incorporated Waterhouse's ms information in his account; he stated that the Miskin female did not belong to the species; thus, Lower's type female was a specimen from the Lower collection that was not even a syntype and has no status); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [116] (referred to a holotype); Hancock, D.L. 1995. The butterfly types of W. H. Miskin in the Queensland Museum (Lepidoptera). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 38(2): 519-528 [526] (interpreted Waterhouse's (1937) reference to a holotype as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985)); Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [155] (unjustifiably referred to a holotype); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (Lower's (1911) type male is an individual designation and is interpreted as a lectotype designation (Art. 74, ICZN 1985)).Type locality references:
Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [116] (restricted the type locality to Cooktown, QLD). - Hesperilla satulla Mabille. P. 1891. Description d'Hespérides nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (Comptes-rendus) 35: LIX-LXXXVIII, CVI-CXXI CLXVIII-CCXXII [LXXXII].
Type data:
Status unknown, whereabouts unknown ♀, Cooktown, QLD (designated in original description)
Comment: Mabille in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Lower, O.B. 1911. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 112–172 [131] (indicated that the holotype was in ZMHU); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 62(3–4): 107–125 [116] (indicated that the holotype was in ZMHU, but a search by Dr. E.S. Nielsen in 1994 failed to locate a type in the museum).
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Lower, O.B. 1911. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 112-172 [131]
- Toussaint, E.F.A., Braby, M.F., Müller, C.J., Petrie, E.A. and Kawahara, A.Y. 2022. Molecular phylogeny, systematics and generic classification of the butterfly subfamily Trapezitinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea: Hesperiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195: 1407–1421 [Date published August 2022]
Generic Combinations
- Neohesperilla crocea (Miskin, 1889).
- Toxidia crocea (Miskin, 1889).
Distribution
States
Northern Territory, Queensland
Extra Distribution Information
Cooper Creek, Darwin, Daly River and Groote Eylandt, NT, also Moa, Thursday and Prince of Wales Ils., Cape York to Townsville, QLD; extralimital distribution—Papua New Guinea.
IBRA
NT, Qld: Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)
Ecological Descriptors
Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Chrysopogon aciculatus Trin. [POACEAE]).
General References
Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [144] (as crocea)
Johnson, S.J., Valentine, P.S. & Lane, D.A. 1994. Notes on life histories and biology of the species of Neohesperilla Waterhouse and Lyell (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Australian Entomologist 21(2): 55-59 [55] (biology)
Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [193] (description)
Waterhouse, G.A. & Turner, R.E. 1904. Notes on Hesperidae described by Mabille and reputed to be Australian. Victorian Naturalist 21(8): 109-110 [110] (synonymy)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07-Mar-2024 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Feb-2023 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 22-Dec-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby (ANU) |
| 13-May-2022 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 26-Feb-2021 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Jun-2020 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 06-Sep-2017 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 06-Sep-2017 | HESPERIIDAE | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Lyn Randall |
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED |