Genus Sylvicola Harris, 1780

Museums

Regional Maps

• Sylvicola Harris, M. 1780. An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, wherein each insect is particularly described; its parts and properties considered; the different sexes distinguished, and the natural history faithfully related. The whole illustrated with copper plates, drawn, engraved, and coloured, by the author. London : Robson Co. Vol. 4 73-166 pp. [100].

  Type species:

   Sylvicola brevis Harris, 1780 by subsequent designation, see Coquillett, D.W. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 37(=No. 1719): 499-647 [610] (= Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763).
• Phyrne Meigen, J.W. 1800. Nouvelle classification des mouches à deux ailes (Diptera L.) d'après un plan tout nouveau. Paris : Perronneau pp. 1-40. [This publication suppressed by the I.C.Z.N.] [16] [suppressed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1963. Opinion 678. The suppression under the plenary powers of the pamphlet published by Meigen, 1800. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 20: 339–342 (339)].

  Secondary source:

   International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1963. Opinion 678; the suppression under the plenary powers of the pamphlet published by Meigen, 1800. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 20: 339-342.
• Lycoria Latreille, P.A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite à l’histoire naturelle générale et particulière, composée par Leclerc de Buffon, et rédigée par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes. Familles naturelles des genres. Tome troisième. Paris : F. Dufart xii + 13–467 + [1] pp. [An "X" (title page = 1802)] [424] [junior homonym; non Lycoria Meigen, 1800. Latreille (1802) was the first subsequent usage of Lycoria after Meigen (1800) where Lycoria was placed in synonymy with Tipula Linnaeus, 1758, sensu lato, and included a single species: Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763 [as “Tipula fenestrarum Scop.”]. The name was made available from Latreille (1802) by subsequent usage as a valid name in Hendel (1908). Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763 is currently treated as a species of Sylvicola Harris, 1776, which makes Lycoria Latreille, 1802 a junior synonym of Sylvicola Harris, 1776. Previous workers (e.g., Coquillett 1910; Stone 1941; Melville 1960; Sabrosky 1999) missed the first inclusion of a species in Latreille (1802) and believed that Hendel’s (1908) inclusion of Tipula thomae Linnaeus, 1767 [as “Hirtea thomae F.”] was the first included species. Tipula thomae Linnaeus, 1767 is currently treated in Sciara Meigen, 1803 [teste Steffan (1989: 149)], which led previous workers dealing with Meigen names to believe Lycoria was synonymous with Sciara Meigen, 1803 (Evenhuis & Pape 2017)].

  Secondary source:

   Hendel, F. 1908. Nouvelle classification des mouches à deux ailes (Diptera L.). D'après un plan tout nouveau par J.G. Meigen, Paris, an VIII (1800 v.s.). Mit Kommentar herausgegeben von Friedrich Hendel. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 58: 43-69 [48]; Stone, A. 1941. The generic names of Meigen 1800 and their proper application (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 34: 404–418; Melville, R.V. 1960. Report on Mr. C.W. Sabrosky's proposal for the suppression under the plenary powers of the pamphlet entitled "Nouvelle classification des mouches a deux ailes" by J.W. Meigen, 1800. Z.N.(S).191. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 18: 9-64; Steffan, W.A. 1989. 11. Family Sciaridae. pp. 146-151 in Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Honolulu and Leiden : Bishop Museum Press and E.J. Brill 1155 pp. [149]; Sabrosky, C.W. 1999. Family group names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. Myia 9: 1–360; Evenhuis, N.L. & Pape, T. 2017. Battling the un-dead: the status of the Diptera genus-group names originally proposed in Johann Wilhelm Meigen’s 1800 pamphlet. Zootaxa 4275(1): 1–74 [41].
• Anisopus Meigen, J.W. 1803. Versuch einer neuen Gattungs-Eintheilung der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde (Illiger) 2: 259-281 [264] [original description did not include any species. The first two species were placed in the genus by Meigen, J.W. 1804. Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abt. 1 pp. i–xxviii 1–152 pls 1–8; Abt 2 i–vi 153–314 pls 9–15. Braunschweig [=Brunswick] : Reichard [Abt. I. xxviii + 152 pp.; Abt. II. vi + pp. 153–314] (103)].

  Type species:

   Anisopus fuscus Meigen, 1804 by subsequent designation, see Coquillett, D.W. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 37(=No. 1719): 499-647 [507] (= Tipula fuscata Fabricius, 1775).

  Secondary source:

   Meigen, J.W. 1804. Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abt. 1 pp. i–xxviii 1–152 pls 1–8; Abt 2 i–vi 153–314 pls 9–15. Braunschweig [=Brunswick] : Reichard. [Pages 296 or 297 were never printed, but no text is missing. The text on page 298 follows directly after page 295 (Evenhuis & Pape 2017)].
• Rhyphus Latreille, P.A. 1804. Tableau méthodique des insectes. pp. 129-200 in Société de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs, Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, principalement à l'agriculture et à l'économie rurale et domestique. Tome XXIV. [Section 3:] tableaux méthodiques d'histoire naturelle. Déterville : Paris. pp. 84 + 4 + 85 + 238 + 18 + 34. [188].

  Type species:

   Tipula fenestralis Scopoli, 1763 by monotypy (= Tipula fenestrarum Scopoli, 1763).
• Tonnoirina Amorim D. de S. & Tozoni H.S. 1994. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 38: 517-543 [531].

  Type species:

   Anisopus festivus Edwards, 1928 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Coquillett, D.W. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 37(=No. 1719): 499-647 [610]
• Michelsen, V. 1999. Woodgnats of the genus Sylvicola (Diptera, Anisopodidae): taxonomic status, family assignment, and review of nominal species described by J.C. Fabricius. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 142: 69-75 [70]
• Evenhuis, N.L. & Pape, T. 2017. Battling the un-dead: the status of the Diptera genus-group names originally proposed in Johann Wilhelm Meigen’s 1800 pamphlet. Zootaxa 4275(1): 1–74 [41]

Introduction

Thompson & Rogers (1992) consider that the Australian fauna may form a distinct genus, which is as yet not described.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan.

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Distribution References

General References

Hardy, G.H. 1967. The Anisopodidae (Dipt.) of Katoomba. Journal of the Entomological Society of Australia (N.S.W.) 3(1966): 30-33 [30] (taxonomy)

Peterson, B.V. 1989. Family Anisopodidae. pp. 180-181 in Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Honolulu and Leiden : Bishop Museum Press and E.J. Brill 1155 pp. [181] (catalogue listing the Australian fauna under Sylvicola Harris without subgeneric division)

Pratt, G.K. & Pratt, H.D. 1980. Notes on Nearctic Sylvicola (Diptera: Anisopodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 82: 86-98 [86] (taxonomy, subgeneric division without reference to the Australian fauna)

Thompson, F.C. & Rogers, T. 1992. Sylvicola cinctus (Fabricius), the Hawaiian wood gnat, with notes on the family (Diptera: Anisopodidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 31: 47-57 [47] (taxonomy, resurrection of the genus Anisopus Meigen from synonymy without reference to the Australian fauna other than that they may form a genus distinct from those previously described, limits the distribution of Sylvicola Harris and Anisopus Meigen to the North Temperate Region with limited extension into the Orient and Neotropics)

History of changes