Genus Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878

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Genus Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878

Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, J. 1878. Histoire de la cochenille vivant sur les racines des palmiers de la section des seafortha. Exposé des caractères du genre Rhizoecus. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8: 161-164 [163].
Type species:
Rhizoecus falcifer Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878 by monotypy.
Ripersiella Tinsley, J.D. in Cockerell, T.D.A. 1899. Tables for the determination of the genera of Coccidae. The Canadian Entomologist 31: 273-279, 330-333 [278] [junior subjective synonym of Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878].
Type species:
Ripersia rumicis Maskell, 1892 by original designation.
Pararhizoecus Goux, L. 1941. Description d'un Rhizoecus nouveau et de sa larve néonate (!). (Note sur les coccides (Hem. Coccoidea) de la France. 31me note.). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Marseille 1: 197-203 [197] [as subgenus and junior subjective synonym of Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878].
Type species:
Rhizoecus (Pararhizoecus) petiti Goux, 1941 by monotypy.
Morrisonella Hambleton, E.J. 1946. Studies of hypogeic mealybugs. Revista de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro 17: 1-77 [16] [junior homonym of Morrisonella Bartsch, 1945].
Type species:
Morrisonella poensis Morrison, 1946 by original designation.
Neorhizoecus Hambleton, E.J. 1946. Studies of hypogeic mealybugs. Revista de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro 17: 1-77 [40] [junior subjective synonym of Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878].
Type species:
Rhizoecus coffeae Laing, 1925 by original designation.
Radicoccus Hambleton, E.J. 1946. Studies of hypogeic mealybugs. Revista de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro 17: 1-77 [47].
Type species:
Rhizoecus globosus James, 1935 by original designation.
Coccidella Hambleton, E.J. 1946. A new name for a mealybug. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 59: 177 [177] [replacement name for Morrisonella Hambleton, 1946].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Ferris, G.F. 1953. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America. v. 6. The Pseudococcidae. (Part 2). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press Vol. 6(2) 506 pp. [426] (synonymy of Coccidella Hambleton, 1946)
Morrison, H. & Morrison, E.R. 1966. An annotated list of generic names of the scale insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Miscellaneous Publication United States Department of Agriculture 1015: 1-206 [147] (synonymy of Pararhizoecus Goux, 1941)
Hambleton, E.J. 1974. Three new species of Rhizoecus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) from New Zealand, with notes and redescription of others. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 1: 147-158 [147] (synonymy of Ripersiella Tinsley in Cockerell, 1899)
Hambleton, E.J. 1977. Notes on the species of Neorhizoecus Hambleton, a synonym of Rhizoecus Künckel d'Herculais (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 79: 367-376 [367] (synonymy of Neorhizoecus Hambleton, 1946)
Williams, D.J. 1998. Mealybugs of the genera Eumyrmococcus Silvestri and Xenococcus Silvestri associated with the ant genus Acropyga Roger and a review of the subfamily Rhizoecinae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Entomology) 67: 1-64 [29] (synonymy of Radicoccus Hambleton, 1946)

Distribution

States

Victoria

IBRA and IMCRA regions (map not available)

IBRA

Vic: South East Coastal Plain (SCP)

ID Keys

(Kosztarab, M., 1996) [194-195] (female; northeastern North America); (Williams, D.J., 1996) [1394] (female; species with large tubular ducts); (Marotta, S., 1995) [120] (female; species Italy); (Tang, F.T., 1992) [44] (female; China); (Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C., 1992) [39] (female; Central and South America); (Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C., 1992) [495-499] (female; Central and South America); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [696] (female; Far East of the USSR); (Danzig, E.M., 1988) [706] (female; species Far East of the USSR); (Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F., 1988) [141] (female; species Central Europe); (Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W., 1988) [17] (female; tropical South Pacific region); (Avasthi, R.K. & Shafee, S.A., 1987) [4] (female; India); (Cox, J.M., 1987) [85] (female; New Zealand); (Cox, J.M., 1987) [14] (female; New Zealand); (Williams, D.J., 1987) [191-192] (female; species Australia); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [353] (female; Australia); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [234] (female; species India); Williams 1985i [624] (female; species occurring on African violet); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [38] (female; Australia); (Williams, D.J., 1985) [234] (female; India); (Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig], 1980) [196] (female; Far East Russia); (Kawai, S., 1980) [118] (female; species Japan); (Hambleton, E.J., 1979) [148-149] (female; species U.S.A., Florida); (Hambleton, E.J., 1978) [39-40] (female; species America); (Hambleton, E.J., 1976) [6-10] (female; species world); (Tereznikova, E.M., 1975) [246] (female; Ukraine); (Tereznikova, E.M., 1975) [159] (female; Ukraine & Palaearctic Region); (Hambleton, E.J., 1974) [148] (female; species New Zealand); Hambleton 1973 [63-64] (female; species U.S.A., Florida); (Afifi, S. & Kosztarab, M., 1967) [10] (female; world); (McKenzie, H.L., 1967) [46] (female; North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1967) [371-372] (female; North America); (Beardsley, J.W., 1966) [404] (female; Federated States of Micronesia); (McKenzie, H.L., 1962) [640] (female; North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1962) [671-673] (female; species North America); (Williams, D.J., 1962) [41] (female; Britain); (McKenzie, H.L., 1961) [41-42] (female; species North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1960) [692] (female; North America); (McKenzie, H.L., 1960) [742-743] (female; species North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1953) [283] (female; North America); (Ferris, G.F., 1953) [427] (female; North America); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1949) [87] (female; Palaearctic Region); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1949) [174-175] (female; Palaearctic Region); (Hambleton, E.J., 1946) [16-18, 41, 47-48, 51] (female; world)

GENERAL

Good definition and characters given by Hambleton, E.J. 1946. Studies of hypogeic mealybugs. Revista de Entomologia. Rio de Janeiro 17: 1–77; Hambleton, E.J. 1973. Florida mealybugs of the genus Rhizoecus with description of a new species (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 75: 62–71; Hambleton, E.J. 1974. Three new species of Rhizoecus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) from New Zealand, with notes and redescription of others. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 1: 147–158; Hambleton, E.J. 1976. A revision of the new world mealybugs of the genus Rhizoecus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1522: 1–88; Ferris in Zimmerman, E.C. 1948. Homoptera: Sternorrhyncha. pp. 268 in Zimmerman, E.C. (ed). Insects of Hawaii. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press Vol. 5 464 pp., Ferris, G.F. 1953. Atlas of the Scale Insects of North America, v. 6, The Pseudococcidae (Part II). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press 506 pp., McKenzie, H.L. 1967. Mealybugs of California with taxonomy, biology, and control of North American species (Homoptera: Cooccoidea: Pseudococcidae). Berkeley : Univ. Calif. Press 526 pp., Ter-Grigorian, M.A. 1973. Soft and armored scales (Coccoidea) mealybugs (Pseudococcidae). In Fauna of Armenian SSR. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Armianskoi SSR. Erevan [1973]: 1–246, Tereznikova, E.M. 1975. [Coccids. In, The Fauna of Ukraine.]. Akademii Nauk Ukrains'koi SSR Instituta Zoologicheskogo 20(18): 295, Danzig, E.M. [Dantsig] 1980. Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with an analysis of the phylogeny of coccids of the world fauna. Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR 124: 1–343, Cox, J.M. 1987. Pseudococcidae (Insecta: Hemiptera). In, Duval, C.T. (ed). Fauna of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand : DSIR Science Information Publishing Centre Vol. 11 229 pp., Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1988. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Part 1. The armoured scales (Diaspididae). London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 290 pp., Williams, D.J. & Granara de Willink, M.C. 1992. Mealybugs of Central and South America. London, England : CAB International Institute of Entomology 635 pp., Tang, F.T. 1992. [The Pseudococcidae of China]. Taigu, Shanxi, China : Shanxi Agricultural University 768 pp., Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp.; and by Williams, D.J. 1998. Mealybugs of the genera Eumyrmococcus Silvestri and Xenococcus Silvestri associated with the ant genus Acropyga Roger and a review of the subfamily Rhizoecinae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum. Entomology Series (London) 67: 1–64.