Species Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi (Vallot, 1829)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Coccus mesembryanthemi Vallot, J.N. 1829. Nouvelle espèce de cochenilles. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-lettres de Dijon [1828–1829]: 30-33 [31].
• Calypticus mesembrianthemi Costa, A. 1844. Descrizione di una novelle specie di cocciniglia del genere Calittico, Cos. che vive sopra il Mesembrianthemum acinaciforme. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, Napoli 22: 273-276 [273].
• Pulvinaria biplicata Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1868. Introduzione alla seconda memoria per gli studi sulle cocciniglie, e catalogo dei generi e delle specie della famiglia dei coccidi. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali 11: 694-738 [unjustified replacement name, see Ben-Dov, Y. & Russo, A. 1993. Giovanni De Lotto (1912–1990). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri', Portici 48: 245–251 (270)].

  Secondary source:

   Ben-Dov, Y. & Russo, A. 1993. Giovanni De Lotto (1912–1990). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri', Portici 48: 245-251.
• Icerya mesembryanthemi Peringuey, L. 1893. Note on a supposed new Icerya. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 8[1890–1893]: 50-51 [50].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Fernald, M.E. 1903. Notes on the Coccidae. The Canadian Entomologist 35: 22 [136] (synonymy of Calypticus mesembrianthemi Costa, 1844)
• Lindinger, L. 1935. Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Schildläuse (Coccidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift 49: 121-123 [145] (synonymy of Icerya mesembryanthemi Peringuey, 1893)

Ecological Descriptors

Sap-feeder.

ID Keys

(Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C., 2000) [212] (female; New Zealand); (Gill, R.J., 1988) [85] (female; USA, California)

GENERAL

Good description and illustration of adult female by De Lotto, G. 1967. The soft scales (Homoptera: Coccidae) of South Africa. I. South African Journal of Agricultural Science 10: 781–810, Hodgson, C.J. 1967. Some Pulvinaria species (Homoptera: Coccidae) of the Ethiopian region. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 30: 198–211; Hodgson, C.J. 1968. Further notes on the genus Pulvinaria Targ. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from the Ethiopian region. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 31: 141–174; Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp., Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp., Granara de Willink, M.C. 1999. [Soft scale insects of Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)] Las cochinillas blandas de la República Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3(1): 1–183 and by Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. 2000. Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 259 pp..

BIOLOGY

Washburn, J.O. & Frankie, G.W. 1981. Dispersal of a scale insect, Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi (Homoptera: Coccoidea) on iceplant in California. Environmental Entomology 10: 724–727, Washburn, J.O., Frankie, G.W., Hagen, K.S. & Koehler, C.S. 1982. Ecology and Biological Control of Iceplant Scale, in California. Berkely, CA : Univ. of CA; Fed. Highway Admin., Sacramento, CA 38 pp. and Washburn, J.O. & Washburn, L. 1984. Active aerial dispersal of minute wingless arthropods: exploitation of boundary-layer velocity gradients. Science 223: 1088–1089 studied the life history in California, USA and showed that first instar crawlers exhibit active aerial dispersal behaviour.

STRUCTURE

See colour photograph in Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp., Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp. and Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. 2000. Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 259 pp..

ECONOMIC AND CONTROL

A potential pest to Aizoaceous ground covers in California, USA (see Donaldson, D.R., Moore, W.S., Koehler, C.S. & Joos, J.L. 1978. Scales threaten iceplant in Bay area. California Agriculture 32: 4–7).

General References

Bytinski-Salz, H. 1966. An annotated list of insects and mites introduced into Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 1: 15-48 [30] (Pulvinaria mesembrianthemi: misspelling of species name)

Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture Part 1 132 pp. [89] (Calypticus mesembryanthemi: misspelling of species name)

Hall, W.J. 1923. Further observations on the Coccidae of Egypt. Bulletin, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt, Technical and Scientific Service 36: 1-61 [40] (Pulvinaria mesembrianthemi: misspelling of species name)

Signoret, V. 1873. Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères – Coccides), 11e partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 5 3: 395-448 [39] (Pulvinaria mesembrianthemi: misspelling of species name)

Tang, F.T. 1991. [The Coccidae of China]. Taiyuan, P. R. China : Shanxi United Universities Press. [281] (Pulvirariella mesembrianthemi: misspelling of species name)

Common Name References

Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture Part 1 132 pp. (Cited also by and ) (Iceplant Scale)

Naumann, I.D., Ingram, R.J. & Floyd, R. 2002. Australian Insect Common Names, based on CSIRO Handbook of Australian Insect Names. 6th edn 1993. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/. (Cottony Pigface Scale)

History of changes