Species Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood, 1870)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Coccus flocciferus Westwood, J.O. 1870. [The camellia coccus Coccus flocciferus Westw.]. Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 10: 308 [308].
• Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret, V. 1873. Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères – Coccides), 10e partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 5 3: 27-48 [32].
• Pulvinaria linearis Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1884. Relazione intorno ai lavori della R. Stazione di Entomologia Agraria di Firenze per gli anni 1879–80. Article V. – omotteri. Annali di Agricoltura. Roma 1884: 383-414 [398].
• Pulvinaria brassiae Cockerell, T.D.A. 1895. A new Pulvinaria found on orchids. The Canadian Entomologist 27: 135 [135].
• Pulvinaria theae Froggatt, W.W. 1915. A descriptive catalogue of the scale insects ('Coccidae') of Australia. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 26: 411-423, 511-516, 603-615, 754-764, 1055-1064 [418].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Fernald, M.E. 1903. Notes on the Coccidae. The Canadian Entomologist 35: 22 [132] (synonymy of Pulvinaria brassiae Cockerell, 1895)
• Lindinger, L. 1912. Nachtrag zu den Beiträgen zur Kenntnis der Schildläuse usw. II. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie 8: 31 [93] (synonymy of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret, 1873; synonymy of Pulvinaria linearis Targioni Tozzetti, 1884)
• Qin, T.K. & Gullan, P.J. 1992. A revision of the Australian pulvinariine soft scales (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Journal of Natural History 26: 103-164 [127] (synonymy of Pulvinaria theae Froggatt, 1915)

Ecological Descriptors

Sap-feeder.

ID Keys

(Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C., 2000) [212] (female; New Zealand); (Jansen, M.G.M., 2000) [2-3] (female; Netherlands); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [324] (female; northeastern North America); (Tang, F.T., 1991) [226] (female; China); (Gill, R.J., 1988) [85] (female; USA, California); (Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L., 1984) [87] (female; USA, Florida); (Kawai, S., 1980) [148-150] (female; Japan); (Williams, M.L. & Kosztarab, M., 1972) [119] (female; USA, Virginia); (Ezzat, Y.M. & Hussein, N.A., 1969) [373] (female; Egypt); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1957) [205] (female; Palaearctic Region)

GENERAL

Good description and illustration of adult female by Ezzat, Y.M. & Hussein, N.A. 1969. Redescription and classification of the family Coccidae in U.A.R. (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 51: 359–426, Williams, M.L. & Kosztarab, M. 1972. Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research Division Bulletin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 74: 1–215, Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L. 1984. The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). In, Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Gainesville : Fla. Dept. of Agric. & Consumer Serv. Div. Plant Ind. 194 pp., Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp., Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp., Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp., Granara de Willink, M.C. 1999. [Soft scale insects of Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)] Las cochinillas blandas de la República Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3(1): 1–183 and by Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. 2000. Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 259 pp..

BIOLOGY

Develops one annual generation in Virginia, U.S.A. (see Williams, M.L. & Kosztarab, M. 1972. Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research Division Bulletin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 74: 1–215). Takahashi, R. 1955. Lepidosaphes of Japan. (Diaspididae, Coccoidea, Homoptera). Bulletin of the Osaka Perfecture 5: 67–78 noted in Japan that generally one annual generation is developed, however two generations develop on Eurya at Tokyo. El-Minshawy, A.M. & Moursi, K. 1976. Biological studies on some soft scale-insects (Hom. Coccidae) attacking guava trees in Egypt. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 81: 363–371 studied in Egypt the duration of development and fecundity on guava.

STRUCTURE

See colour photograph in Kawai, S. 1980. Scale insects of Japan in colors. Tokyo : National Agricultural Education Association 455 pp. [figs 6.27 a, b, c], Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp. and Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. 2000. Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 259 pp..

General References

King, G.B. 1902. The greenhouse Coccidae, II. Entomological News 13: 152-156 [160] (Pulvinaria brassicae: misspelling of species name)

Newstead, R. 1900. The injurious scale insects and mealy bugs of the British Isles. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 23: 219-262 [26] (Pulvinaria floccosa: misspelling of species name)

Common Name References

Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture Part 1 132 pp. (Cited also by and ) (Cottony Camellia Scale)

Llorens Climent, J.M. 1990. [Scale insects and their biological control.] Homoptera I, Cocchinillas de los cítricos y su control biológico. Alicante, Spain : Pisa Ediciones 260 pp. (Pulvinaria)

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