Species Protoopalina australis Metcalf, 1923

Museums

Regional Maps

• Protoopalina australis Metcalf, M.M. 1923. The opainid ciliate infusorians. United States National Museum Bulletin 120: 1-184.

Distribution

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

Arnhem Coast (ARC), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Endosymbiotic (host(s): Uperoleia laevigata Keferstein, 1867 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Smooth Toadlet (intestines); Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Günther, 1858 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Spotted Grass Frog (intestines); Litoria cyclorhyncha (Boulenger, 1882) [HYLIDAE] Spotted-thighed Frog (intestines); Limnodynastes peronii (Dumeril & Bibron, 1841) [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Striped Marsh Frog (intestine); Litoria tornieri (Nieden, 1923) [HYLIDAE] Black-shinned Rocket Frog (intestines); Litoria nannotis (Andersson, 1916) [HYLIDAE] Torrent Tree Frog (intestines); Neobatrachus centralis (H.W. Parker, 1940) [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Trilling Frog (intestines); Litoria tyleri Martin et al., 1979 [HYLIDAE] Tyler’s Tree Frog (intestines); Litoria moorei (Copland, 1957) [HYLIDAE] Western Green and Golden Bell Frog (intestines); Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1803) [PIPIDAE] African Clawed Frog (intestines (exptl. infection)); Litoria dentata (Keferstein, 1868) [HYLIDAE] Bleating Tree Frog (intestines); Litoria nigrofrenata (Günther, 1867) [HYLIDAE] Bridle Frog (intestines); Litoria latopalmata Günther, 1867 [HYLIDAE] Broad-palmed Frog (intestines); Litoria dahlii (Boulenger, 1896) [HYLIDAE] Dahl’s Aquatic Frog (intestines); Litoria gracilenta (Peters, 1869) [HYLIDAE] Dainty Green Tree Frog (intestines); Litoria rubella (J.E. Gray, 1842) [HYLIDAE] Little Red Tree Frog (intestines); Limnodynastes dumerilii Peters, 1863 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Eastern Banjo Frog (intestines); Litoria fallax (Peters, 1880) [HYLIDAE] Eastern Dwarf Tree Frog (intestines); Litoria caerulea (J. White, 1790) [HYLIDAE] Green Tree Frog (syn. Hyla caerulea; intestines); Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1829) [HYLIDAE] Green and Golden Bell Frog (syn. Hyla aurea; intestines); Neobatrachus pelobatoides (Werner, 1914) [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Humming Frog (intestines); Litoria lesueuri (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) [HYLIDAE] Lesueur’s Frog (syn. Hyla lesueuri; intestines); Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) [BUFONIDAE] Marine Toad, Cane Toad (intestines); Cyclorana novaehollandiae Steindachner, 1867 [HYLIDAE] New Holland Frog (intestines); Limnodynastes terraereginae Fry, 1915 [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Northern Banjo Frog (intestines); Litoria nyakalensis Liem, 1974 [HYLIDAE] Nyakala Frog (intestines); Limnodynastes ornatus (Gray, 1842) [MYOBATRACHIDAE] Ornate Burrowing Frog (intestines); Litoria pallida Davis et al., 1983 [HYLIDAE] Pale Frog (intestines); Litoria peronii (Tschudi, 1838) [HYLIDAE] Peron’s Tree Frog (syn. Hyla peronii; intestines); Litoria inermis (Peters, 1867) [HYLIDAE] Bumpy Rocket Frog (intestines); Litoria chloris (Boulenger, 1893) [HYLIDAE] Red-eyed Tree Frog (intestines); Litoria nasuta (J.E. Gray, 1842) [HYLIDAE] Rocket Frog (syn. Hyla nasuta; intestines); Litoria rothii (De Vis, 1884) [HYLIDAE] Northern Laughing Tree Frog (intestines)).

Associated Fauna References

Delvinquier, B.L.J. 1987. Opalinidae in Australian Anura. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 98: 93-122 (Litoria pallida; Litoria tyleri; Litoria nyakalensis; Litoria moorei; Neobatrachus centralis; Litoria tornieri; Litoria nannotis; Limnodynastes terraereginae; Neobatrachus pelobatoides; Litoria dahlii; Litoria chloris; Litoria rothii; Litoria cyclorhyncha; Litoria fallax; Litoria gracilenta; Litoria dentata; Uperoleia laevigata; Cyclorana novaehollandiae; Litoria inermis; Litoria latopalmata; Litoria nigrofrenata; Limnodynastes dumerilii; Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Limnodynastes ornatus; Litoria nasuta; Litoria rubella; Limnodynastes peronii; Litoria lesueuri; Litoria peronii; Litoria aurea; Xenopus laevis; Litoria caerulea; Bufo marinus)

Delvinquier, B.L.J. & Freeland, W.J. 1988. Protozoan parasites of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, in Australia. Australian Journal of Zoology 36: 301-316 (Bufo marinus)

Delvinquier, B.L.J. & Patterson, D.J. 1993. The opalines. pp. 247-325 in Kreier, J.P. & Baker, J.R. (eds). Parasitic Protozoa. San Diego : Academic Press Vol. 3 2. (Litoria pallida; Litoria tyleri; Litoria nyakalensis; Litoria moorei; Neobatrachus centralis; Litoria tornieri; Litoria nannotis; Limnodynastes terraereginae; Neobatrachus pelobatoides; Litoria dahlii; Litoria chloris; Litoria rothii; Litoria cyclorhyncha; Litoria fallax; Litoria gracilenta; Litoria dentata; Uperoleia laevigata; Cyclorana novaehollandiae; Litoria inermis; Litoria latopalmata; Litoria nigrofrenata; Limnodynastes dumerilii; Limnodynastes tasmaniensis; Limnodynastes ornatus; Litoria nasuta; Litoria rubella; Limnodynastes peronii; Litoria lesueuri; Litoria peronii; Litoria aurea; Litoria caerulea; Bufo marinus)

Metcalf, M.M. 1923. The opainid ciliate infusorians. United States National Museum Bulletin 120: 1-184 (Litoria aurea)

Patterson, D.J. & Delvinquier, B.L.J. 1990. The fine structure of the cortex of the protist Protoopalina australis (Slopalinida, Opalinidae) from Litoria nasuta and L. inermis (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) in Queensland, Australia. Journal of Protozoology 37: 449-455 (Litoria inermis; Litoria nasuta; Litoria rubella)

Speare, R. 1990. A review of the diseases of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, with comments on biological control. Australian Wildlife Research 17: 387-410 (Bufo marinus)

History of changes