Species Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Lecanium corni Bouché, P.F. 1844. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Scharlachläuse (Coccina). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 5: 293-302 [298].
• Lecanium vini Bouché, P.F. 1851. Neue Arten der Schildlausfamilie. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 12: 110-112 [112].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Miller, D.R., Ben-Dov, Y. & Gibson, G. 1998. ScaleNet: a searchable information system on scale insects. www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm. (for full list of synonyms see details on ScaleNet)

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria

Ecological Descriptors

Sap-feeder.

ID Keys

(Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C., 2000) [199] (female; New Zealand); (Granara de Willink, M.C., 1999) [117] (female; Argentina); (Granara de Willink, M.C., 1998) [151] (female; Argentina); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [358] (female; northeastern North America); (Tang, F.T., 1991) [189] (female; China); (Gill, R.J., 1988) [60] (female; USA, California); (Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F., 1988) [218] (female; Europe); (Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L., 1984) [71] (female; USA, Florida); (Kawai, S., 1980) [160-162] (female; Japan); (Williams, M.L. & Kosztarab, M., 1972) [70] (female; USA, Virginia); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1957) [349] (female; Palaearctic Region).

GENERAL

Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Williams, M.L. & Kosztarab, M. 1972. Morphology and systematics of the Coccidae of Virginia with notes on their biology (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Research Division Bulletin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 74: 1–215, Hamon, A.B. & Williams, M.L. 1984. The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). In, Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Gainesville : Fla. Dept. of Agric. & Consumer Serv. Div. Plant Ind. 194 pp., Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp., Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp., Tang, F.T. 1991. [The Coccidae of China]. Taiyuan, P. R. China : Shanxi United Universities Press, Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp., Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp., Granara de Willink, M.C. 1999. [Soft scale insects of Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)] Las cochinillas blandas de la República Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3(1): 1–183 and by Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. 2000. Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 259 pp.. Good description of the adult female, first-instar nymph and female second-instar nymph given by Borchsenius, N.S. 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR ns 66: 1–493.

BIOLOGY

Habib, A. 1955. The behaviour of the nymphal stages of Eulecanium corni Bouché (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 39: 229–240 described the behaviour of nymphal stages, based on nymphs taken from Rubus fructicosus in England. Canard, M. 1958. Deplacements et migrations de Eulecanium corni Bouché. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 92: 293–296 discussed and described the dispersal and the within-tree movement of this species in Toulouse, southern France. Saakyan-Baranova, A.A., Sugonyaev, E.S. & Sheldeshova, G.G. 1971. [The brown scale and its parasites.]. Leningrad : Nauka Press 165 pp. presented the results of a detailed study on the taxonomy, intraspecific variation in characters, life history, biology and parasitoids. Life history discussed and outlined by: Blattny, C. & Novicky, S. 1926. Studies on Lecanium corni BouchT. Sbornic Vyzkumnych Ustavu Zemedelskych 17: 1–91 – in Czechoslovakia; Schmutterer, H. 1954. Zur Kenntnis einiger wirtschaftlich wichtiger mitteleuropäischer Eulecanium - Arten (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Lecaniidae). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 36: 62–83 – in Germany; Habib, A. 1955. The behaviour of the nymphal stages of Eulecanium corni Bouché (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 39: 229–240 – in England; Canard, M. 1958. Recherches sur la morphologie et la biologie de la cochenille Eulecanium corni Bouché (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Annales de l'Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronomique de Toulouse 6: 185–271 – in France; Peterson, L.O.T. 1960. Lecanium coryli L. (Homoptera: Coccoidea) in Saskatchewan. Canadian Entomologist 92: 851–857 (as L. coryli) – in Saskatchewan, Canada; Dziedzicka, A. 1968. Studies on the morphology and biology of Lecanium fletcheri Ckll. (Homoptera, Coccoidea) and related species. Zoologica Poloniae 18: 125–165, Saakyan-Baranova, A.A., Sugonyaev, E.S. & Sheldeshova, G.G. 1971. [The brown scale and its parasites.]. Leningrad : Nauka Press 165 pp.; Gonzalez, R.H. 1989. Insectos y acaros de importancia agricola y cuarentenaria en Chile. Santiago : Universidad de Chile 310 pp. – in Chile; Suter, P. 1950. Zur Biologie von Lecanium corni Bouché (Homopt., Coccid.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique Suisse 23: 95–103 – in Switzerland; and Santas, L.A. 1985. Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche) an orchard scale pest producing honeydew foraged by bees in Greece. Entomologia Hellenica 3: 53–58 – in Greece. Develops one annual generation on filbret, Corylus avellana in Greece (Santas, 1985); on hazelnut in Turkey (see Ecevit, O., Isik, M. & Yanilmaz, A.F. 1987. Bio-ecological researches on Parthenolecanium corni Bouche, Parthenolecanium rufulum Ckll. and Lepidosaphes ulmi L. which are harmful of hazelnut and chemical control studies on Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Ondokuzmayis Universitesi Yayinlari 19: 1–34); in Toulouse, southern France (see Canard, 1958), in England (see Habib, A. 1956. The male Eulecanium corni Bouché (Hemiptera – Homoptera: Coccoidea – Coccidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 40: 119–126). Studies on parthenogenesis in this species by Thiem, H. 1933. Über ein- und zweigeschlechtliche Kommaschildläuse (Lepidosaphes ulmi unisexualis und bisexualis L. rubri und L. newsteadi) der deutschen Coccidenfauna. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten 43: 638–657, Thiem, H. 1933. Sexual biologische Studien an der Zwetschgen Schildläuse (Eulecanium corni). Forschungen und Fortschritte 9: 492–493 and by Thomsen, M. 1927. Studien über die Parthenogenese bei einigen Cocciden und Aleurodiden. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 5: 1–116, Thomsen, M. 1929. Sex-determination in Lecanium. pp. 18–24 in Jordan, K. & Horn, W. (eds). Fourth International Congress of Entomology, Ithaca, August 1928. Naumburg a/Saale : G. PStz Vol. II. (2 v. in 1). Behaviour of nymphal stages studied by Habib, A. 1955. The behaviour of the nymphal stages of Eulecanium corni Bouché (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique d'Egypte 39: 229–240. Canard (1958) studied the migration and movement. Komarek, J. 1946. The physiological damage upon the ash-tree made by the scale insect Lecanium coryli L. Vestník Ceskoslovenské Zoologické Spolecnosti 10: 156–165 described the physiological damage to ash-tree in Czechoslovakia. Blahutiak, A. 1972. Wirts-parasitische Beziehungen zwischen der Zwetschenschildlaus Parthenolecanium corni Bouche (Homoptera, Coccidae) und dem Parasiten Blastothrix confusa Erdos (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae). Biologicke Prace. Bratislava 18: 1–113 studied the inter-relationships with the parasite Blastothrix confusa.

SYSTEMATICS

Boratynski, K.L. 1970. On some species of 'Lecanium' (Homoptera, Coccidae) in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna; with description and illustration of the immature stages of Parthenolecanium persicae. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 74: 63–76 recorded material under the name lecanium vini from the Signoret's Collection, deposited in MNHW, which Signoret, V. 1869. Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homoptères – Coccides), 3e partie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 4 9: 97–104 synonymized with Parthenolecanium corni.

STRUCTURE

See colour photograph in Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp., Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp. and Hodgson, C.J. & Henderson, R.C. 2000. Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand : Manaaki Whenua Press 259 pp..

ECONOMIC AND CONTROL

Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius, N.S. 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR ns 66: 1–493. Lagowska, B. 1984. [Investigations on the infestation of fruit plants by soft scales (Homoptera, Coccidae) in the Lublin area.] Badania nad nasileniem wystepowania misecznikow (Homoptera, Coccidae) na drzewach i krzewach owocowych w okolicach Lublina. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria E, 14(1–2): 9–17 recorded it as the most important soft scale on fruit trees in Lublin, Poland and found that its frequency and infestation rate in unprotected orchards was higher than in protected ones. Ecevit, O., Isik, M. & Yanilmaz, A.F. 1987. Bio-ecological researches on Parthenolecanium corni Bouche, Parthenolecanium rufulum Ckll. and Lepidosaphes ulmi L. which are harmful of hazelnut and chemical control studies on Lepidosaphes ulmi L. Ondokuzmayis Universitesi Yayinlari 19: 1–34 reported it a pest of hazelnut in Turkey and studied it phenology, natural enemies and evaluated its control by several insecticides. Belli, G., Fortusini, A., Casati, P., Belli, L., Bianco, P.A. & Prati, S. 1994. Transmission of a grapevine leafroll associated closterovirus by the scale insect Pulvinaria vitis L. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale. Firenze 4(3): 105–108 proved that under laboratory conditions in Italy this species transmitted Grapevine Lefroll Virus (GLRaV-III). Fortusini, A., Scattini, G., Cinquanta, S. & Prati, S. 1996. [Natural spread of grapevine leafroll virus 1 (GLRV-1), grapevine leafroll virus 3 (GLRV-3) and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV).]. Informatore Fitopatologia 46: 12, 39–43 proved that under laboratory conditions in Italy this species transmitted Grapevine Leafroll Virus 1 (GLRV-1) and Grapevine Virus A (GVA). Fortusini, A., Scattini, G., Prati, S., Cinquanta, S. & Belli, G. 1999. Transmission of grapevine leafroll virus 1 (GLRV-1) and grapevine virus A (GVA) by scale insects. pp. 121–122 in, International Council for the study of Viruses and Viruslike diseases of the Grapevine. 12th ICVG Meeting. found in Italy that Neopulvinaria innumerabilis, Parthenolecanium corni, P. persicae and Pulvinaria vitis were present in vineyards where natural spread of grapevine leafroll was recorded. Santas, L.A. 1985. Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche) an orchard scale pest producing honeydew foraged by bees in Greece. Entomologia Hellenica 3: 53–58 reports from Greece that the honeydew excreted is collected by honeybees for honey production.

Common Name References

Naumann, I.D., Ingram, R.J. & Floyd, R. 2002. Australian Insect Common Names, based on CSIRO Handbook of Australian Insect Names. 6th edn 1993. http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/. (Plum Scale)

History of changes