Species Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897)

Museums

Regional Maps

• Haematozoon falciparum Welch, W. H. 1897. Malaria: definition, synonyms, history, and parasitology. pp. 17-76 in Loomis, A.L. & Thompson W.G. A System of Practical Medicine. New York : Lea Bros. & Co Vol. 1 978 pp.

Generic Combinations

• Plasmodium falciparum (Welch, 1897). —
  Garnham, P.C.C. 1966. Malaria Parasites and other Haemosporidia. Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publishers 1114 pp.

Distribution

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Flinders (FLI), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), King (KIN), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Parasitic (host(s): Anopheles amictus Edwards, 1921 [CULICIDAE] Anopheline Mosquito (salivary glands (exptl. infection)); Anopheles hilli Woodhill & Lee, 1944 [CULICIDAE] Anopheline Mosquito (gut (exptl. infection)); Anopheles stigmaticus Skuse, 1889 [CULICIDAE] Anopheline Mosquito (salivary glands (exptl. infection)); Anopheles punctulatus Dönitz, 1901 [CULICIDAE] Anopheline Mosquito (salivary glands (exptl. infection)); Anopheles farauti Laveran, 1902 [CULICIDAE] Australian Malaria Mosquito (salivary glands (exptl. infection)); Anopheles bancrofti Giles, 1902 [CULICIDAE] Black Australian Anopheline (salivary glands (exptl. infection)); Anopheles annulipes Walker, 1856 [CULICIDAE] Common Australian Anopheline (salivary glands (exptl. infection)); Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [HOMINIDAE] Human (blood (+ culture))).

Associated Fauna References

Adisa, A., Frankland, S., Rug, M., Jackson, K., Maier, A.G., Walsh, P., Lithgow, T., Klonis, N., Gilson, P.R., Cowman, A.F. & Tilley, L. 2007. Re-assessing the locations of components of the classical vesicle-mediated trafficking machinery in transfected Plasmodium falciparum. International Journal for Parasitology 37: 1127-1141 (Homo sapiens)

Anders, R.F., McColl, D.J. & Coppel, R.L. 1993. Molecular variation in Plasmodium falciparum: polymorphic antigens of asexual erythrocytic stages. Acta Tropica 53: 239-253 (Homo sapiens)

Anonymous 1946. Researches on "Paludrine" (M.4888) in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 234-236 (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Baum, J., Chen, L., Healer, J., Lopaticki, S., Boyle, M., Triglia, T., Ehlgen, F., Ralph, S.A., Beeson, J.G. & Cowman, A.F. 2009. Reticulocyte-binding protein homologue 5 — an essential adhesin involved in invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum. International Journal for Parasitology 39: 371-380 (Homo sapiens)

Biggs, B.A., Megna, R., Wickremesinghe, S. & Dwyer, B. 1987. Human infection with Cryptosporidium spp.: results of a 24-month survey. Medical Journal of Australia 147: 175-177 (Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1955. Deaths from malaria on the Australian mainland. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 387-388 (Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1959. Haptoglobins and haemoglobins in Australian aborigines. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 175-177 (Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1960. Investigation of blood donors in accidental transfusion malaria - Plasmodium vivax, falciparum and malariae infections. Medical Journal of Australia 2: 446-449 (Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1970. Malaria in Australia, 1969. Modern Medicine of Australia 13: 31-38 (Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1971. Malaria in Australia, 1970. Modern Medicine of Australia 10: 13-25 (Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1972. Malaria in Australia. Commonwealth Department of Health Service Publication No. 9. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service. (Anopheles amictus; Anopheles bancrofti; Anopheles farauti; Anopheles stigmaticus; Anopheles annulipes; Homo sapiens)

Black, R.H. 1976. Malaria in Australia, 1974. Modern Medicine of Australia 5: 29-32 (Homo sapiens)

Boreham, R.E. & Relf, W.A. 1991. Imported malaria in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia 155: 754-757 (Homo sapiens)

Breinl, A. & Taylor, F.H. 1918. A malarial survey of the township of Cairns. Medical Journal of Australia 2: 109-115 (Homo sapiens)

Butcher, G.A. 1990. In vitro responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to Plasmodium falciparum antigen. International Journal for Parasitology 20: 211-216 (Homo sapiens)

Cilento, R. 1942. Tropical diseases in Australasia. Brisbane : W.R. Smith & Paterson. (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Cobbold, S.A., Martin, R.E. & Kirk, K. 2011. Methionine transport in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. International Journal for Parasitology 41: 125-135 (Homo sapiens)

Combes, V., Coltel, N., Faille, D., Wassmer, S.C. & Grau, G.E. 2006. Cerebral malaria: role of microparticles and platelets in alterations of the blood-brain barrier. International Journal for Parasitology 36: 541-546 (Homo sapiens)

Cook, R.A. & Shannon, J. 1980. Malaria in southeast Queensland in 1979. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 670-673 (Homo sapiens)

Cumpston, J.H.L. 1989. Health and Disease in Australia. Canberra : Australian Government Publishing Service. (Homo sapiens)

Fairley, N.H. 1945. Chemotherapeutic suppression and prophylaxis in malaria. An experimental investigation undertaken by medical research teams in Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 38: 311-365 (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Fairley, N.H. 1946. Malaria in the south-west Pacific, with special reference to its chemo-therapeutic control. Medical Journal of Australia 2: 145-162 (Homo sapiens)

Fairley, N.H. 1957. Experiments with antimalarial drugs in man: VI. The value of chloroquine diphosphate as a suppressive drug in volunteers exposed to experimental mosquito-transmitted malaria. (New Guinea strains). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 51: 493-501 (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Ford, E. 1950. The malaria problem in Australia and the Australian Pacific territories. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 749-760 (Homo sapiens)

Gilson, P.R. & Crabb, B.S. 2009. Morphology and kinetics of the three distinct phases of red blood cell invasion by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. International Journal for Parasitology 39: 91-96 (Homo sapiens)

Hanssen, E., Carlton, P., Deed, S., Klonis, N., Sedat, J., DeRisi, J. & Tilley, L. 2010. Whole cell imaging reveals novel modular features of the exomembrane system of the malaraia parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. International Journal for Parasitology 40: 123-134 (Homo sapiens)

Hanssen, E., McMillan, P.J. & Tilley, L. 2010. Cellular architecture of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. International Journal for Parasitology 40: 1127-1135 (Homo sapiens)

Humphry, A.H. 1964. Malaria in the Northern Territory, with special reference to the outbreaks of 1955-1957. Medical Journal of Australia 1: 703-711 (Homo sapiens)

Johnston, T.H. 1909. Notes on Australian entozoa. No. 1. Records of the Australian Museum 7: 329-344 (Homo sapiens)

Johnston, T.H. 1916. A census of the endoparasites recorded as occurring in Queensland, arranged under their hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 28: 31-79 (Homo sapiens)

Kitchener, S.J., Auliff, A.M. & Rieckmann, K.H. 2000. Malaria in the Australian Defence Force during and after participation in the International Force in East Timor (INTERFET). Medical Journal of Australia 173: 583-585 (Homo sapiens)

Mackerras, M.J. 1958. Catalogue of Australian mammals and their recorded internal parasites. Part I. Monotremes and marsupials. Part II. Eutheria. Part III. Introduced herbivora and the domestic pig. Part IV. Man. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 83: 101-160 (Homo sapiens)

Mackerras, M.J. & Ercole, Q.N. 1947. Observations on the action of paludrine on malarial parasites. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 41: 365-376 (Homo sapiens)

Mackerras, M.J. & Ercole, Q.N. 1948. Observations on the development of human malarial parasites in the mosquito. 1. Morphological changes. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 26: 439-447 (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Mackerras, M.J. & Ercole, Q.N. 1948. Observations on the development of human malarial parasites in the mosquito. II. Factors influencing infection. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 26: 449-458 (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Mackerras, M.J. & Ercole, Q.N. 1949. Observations on the actions of quinine, atebrin and plasmoquine on the gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 42: 455-463 (Anopheles punctulatus; Homo sapiens)

Mackerras, M.J. & Roberts, F.H.S. 1947. Experimental malarial infections in Australasian anophelines. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 41: 329-356 (Anopheles hilli; Anopheles amictus; Anopheles bancrofti; Anopheles farauti; Anopheles stigmaticus; Anopheles annulipes; Homo sapiens)

McCall, B.J. & Pearce, M.C. 1994. Malaria treatment in Queensland, 1992. The use of malaria treatment guidelines. Medical Journal of Australia . 161: 259-262 (Homo sapiens)

O'Brien, R.A. 1909. Ankylostomiasis and other tropical diseases in Queensland. Transactions of the Medical Congress 2: 324-328 (Homo sapiens)

O'Neill, M.T., Phuong, T., Healer, J., Richard, D. & Cowman, A.F. 2011. Gene deletion from Plasmodium falciparum using FLP and Cre recombinases: implications for applied site-specific recombination. International Journal for Parasitology 41: 117-123 (Homo sapiens)

Proellocks, N.I., Kats, L.M., Sheffield, D.A., Hanssen, E., Black, C.G., Waller, K.L. & Coppel, R.L. 2009. Characterisation of PfRON6, a Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry neck protein with a novel cysteine-rich domain. International Journal for Parasitology 39: 683-692 (Homo sapiens)

Proellocks, N.I., Kovacevic, S., Ferguson, D.J.P., Kats, L.M., Morahan, B.J., Black, C.G., Waller, K.L. & Coppel, R.L. 2007. Plasmodium falciparum Ph34, a novel GPI-anchored rhoptry protein found in detergent-resistant microdomains. International Journal for Parasitology 37: 1233-1241 (Homo sapiens)

Roberts, F.H.S. 1943. Observations on Anopheles annulipes Walk. as a possible vector of malaria. 1. The relative susceptibility of An. annulipes and An. punctulatus var. moluccensis Sw. to experimental infection with malaria parasites. Australian Journal of Experimantal Biology and Medical Science 21: 259-262 (Anopheles punctulatus; Anopheles annulipes; Homo sapiens)

Shepherd, R.W. & Boreham, P.F.L. 1989. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of giardiasis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 24: 60-64 (Anopheles punctulatus)

Spencer, M. 1994. Malaria. The Australian experience 1843-1991. Townsville : Australasian College of Tropical Medicine (Image Print). (Anopheles amictus; Anopheles farauti; Anopheles punctulatus; Anopheles annulipes)

Spencer, M. 1994. Malaria and the Land Headquarters Medical Research Unit, 1943-1946. Medical Journal of Australia 161: 78-82 (Anopheles amictus; Anopheles farauti; Anopheles punctulatus; Anopheles annulipes)

Sweeney, A.W. 1996. The possibility of an "X" factor. The first documented drug resistance of human malaria. International Journal for Parasitology 26: 1035-1061 (Homo sapiens)

Tham, W-H., Payne, P.D., Brown, G.V. & Rogerson, S.J. 2007. Identification of basic transcriptional elements required for rif gene transcription. International Journal for Parasitology 37: 605-615 (Homo sapiens)

Volz, J., Varvalho, T.G., Ralph, S.A., Gilson, P., Thompson, J., Tonkin, C.J., Langer, C., Crabb, B.S. & Cowman, A.F. 2010. Potential epigenetic regulatory proteins localise to distinct nuclear sub-compartments in Plasmodium falciparum. International Journal for Parasitology 40: 109-121 (Homo sapiens)

History of changes