Introduction

Carter et al. 2011 recognises three families – Mytilidae, Crenellidae and Septiferidae. Bieler, Carter & Coan (2010) is followed here in recognising subfamilies, six represented in Australia.

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [289]

Beesley, P.L., Ross, G.J.B. & Wells, A. (eds) 1998. Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing Vol. 5(Part A) pp. xvi, 1-563. [250]

Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. 2010. Classiication of Bivalve Families. pp. 113-133 in Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. Nomenclator of Bivalve Families; with a classiication of bivalve families by R. Bieler, J.G. Carter & E.V. Coan. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184 [116-117]

Carter, J.G., Altaba, C.R., Anderson, L.C., Araujo, R., Biakov, A.S., Bogan, A.E., Campbell, D.C., Campbell, M., Chen, J.H., Cope, J.C.W., Delvene, G., Dijkstra, H.H., Fang, Z.J., Gardner, R.N., Gavrilova, V.A., Goncharova, I.A., Harries, P.J., Hartman, J.H., Hautmann, M., et al. 2011. A synoptical classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4: 1-47

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [117]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Jukes-Browne, A.J. 1905. A review of the genera of the Mytilidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 6: 211-224 [211-224]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [76]

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [263-264]

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [282]

Mikkelsen, P.M. & Bieler, R. 2008. Seashells of southern Florida. Living marine mollusks of the Florida keys and adjacent regions. Princeton & Oxford : Princeton University Press 503 pp. [78-83]

Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. Seashells of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp. [150-151]

Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [30]

History of changes

Introduction

Carter et al. (2011) treats Crenellinae as a separate family, Crenellidae.

Excluded Taxa

Misidentifications

MYTILIDAE: Musculista perfragilis (Dunker, 1857) [valid name recorded as Arcuatula perfragilis (Dunker, 1857)] — Thiele, J. 1930. Gastropoda und Bivalvia. pp. 561-596 in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmayer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : Gustav Fischer Vol. 5. [589] (a single record from Fremantle, Australia as "Modiolus perfragilis"; status uncertain); Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. [On the CD] (species not recognised as occurring in Australia)

MYTILIDAE: Musculus imus (Bartsch, 1915) — Kendrick, G.W. & Slack-Smith, S. 1982. Musculus imus (Bartsch, 1915) in Western Australia. Australian Shell News 37-38: 4 [4] (status of identification uncertain); Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM. (restricted to South Africa)

General References

Carter, J.G., Altaba, C.R., Anderson, L.C., Araujo, R., Biakov, A.S., Bogan, A.E., Campbell, D.C., Campbell, M., Chen, J.H., Cope, J.C.W., Delvene, G., Dijkstra, H.H., Fang, Z.J., Gardner, R.N., Gavrilova, V.A., Goncharova, I.A., Harries, P.J., Hartman, J.H., Hautmann, M., et al. 2011. A synoptical classification of the Bivalvia (Mollusca). University of Kansas Paleontological Institute Paleontological Contributions 4: 1-47

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

History of changes

• Arcuatula Jousseaume, F.P. in Lamy, E. 1919. Les Moules et les Modioles de la Mer Rouge (d apres les materiaux recueillis par M. le Dr. Jousseaume). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris [published 1895-1906] 25: 40-45, 109-114, 173-178 [173].

  Type species:

   Modiola arcuatula Hanley, 1843 by absolute tautonymy.
• Lamya Soot-Ryen, T. 1958. A new genus of Mytilidae from South Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 14(2): 341-344 [342].

  Type species:

   Modiola capensis Krauss, 1848 by original designation.
• Musculus (Musculista) Yamamoto, A. & Habe. T. 1958. Fauna of shellbearing mollusks in Mutsu Bay. Lamellibranchia 1. Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi 9(1): 1-20, pls 1-5 [9].

  Type species:

   Modiola senhousia Benson, 1842 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-West Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Central Western Transition (5)

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [51] (also as Musculista)

Slack-Smith, S.M. & Brearley, A. 1987. Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842); a mussel recently introduced into the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia (Mollusca: Mytilidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 13: 225-230 [225-230] (as Musculista)

Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [34, plate fig.] (as Musculista)

History of changes

• Modiola arcuatula Hanley, S. 1844. Descriptions of new species of Mytilacea, Amphidesma and Odostomia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1844, Part 12: 14-18 [16].

Generic Combinations

• Arcuatula arcuatula (Hanley, 1844).

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Central Indo-West Pacific

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Barash, A. & Danin, Z. 1972. The Indo-Pacific species of Mollusca in the Mediterranean and notes on a collection from the Suez Canal. Israel Journal of Zoology 21: 301-374 [331, fig. 16]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [86] (extensive account of species)

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. (extensive account of species)

Common Name References

Nateewathana, A. 1995. Taxonomic account of commercial and edible molluscs, excluding cephalopods, of Thailand. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 15: 93-116 [102] (Hoi Kapong Grab, Horse Mussel)

History of changes

• Volsella glaberrima Dunker, W. 1857. Mytilacea nova collectionis Cumingianae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 24(1856): 358-366 [May 8 1857] [363].

  Type data:

   Holotype Australian seas nearv the city of Sydney.

  Type locality references:

  Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [273].

Generic Combinations

• Modiola glaberrima (Dunker, 1857). —
  Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Modiola. pls 1, 10, 11 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl.8, f.48] (new combination)
• Arcuatula glaberrima (Dunker, 1857).
• Perna glaberrima (Dunker, 1857). —
  Angas, G.F. 1867. A list of species of marine Mollusca found in Port Jackson harbour, New South Wales, and on the adjacent coasts, with notes on their habits etc. Part II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 912-935 [929] (new combination)
• Musculista glaberrima (Dunker, 1857). —
  Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. Seashells of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp. [152] (new combination)
• Amygdalum glaberrimum (Dunker, 1857). —
  Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [273]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth: sublitoral; habitat: sand, fine sand; substrate: mud.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [84]

Smith, E.A. 1885. Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(35): 1-341, 25 pls [275]

Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. Seashells of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp. [152]

Wilson, B.R. & Hodgkin, E.P. 1967. A comparative account of the reproductive cycles of five species of marine mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in the vicinity of Fremantle, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 18(2): 175-204 [177]

History of changes

• Modiola senhousia Benson, W.H. 1842. Mollusca. In, Cantor, T. (ed). General features of Chusan, with remarks on the flora and fauna of that island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9: 481-493 [489].
• Modiola bellardiana Tapparone-Canefri, C. 1874. Malacologia. In, Zoologia del viaggio intorno al globo della regia fregata Magenta durante gli anni 1865-68. Torino : Stamperia Reale Di G.B. Paraviae e Comp. Vol. 4. [144, pl. 4, fig. 1b, 4, 4a].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842).
• Brachidontes senhousia (Benson, 1842). —
  Yamamoto, A. & Habe. T. 1958. Fauna of shellbearing mollusks in Mutsu Bay. Lamellibranchia 1. Bulletin of the Marine Biological Station of Asamushi 9(1): 1-20, pls 1-5 [9] (refers to Japanese publications using this combination)
• Arcuatula senhousia (Benson, 1842).

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Native to western Pacific coasts from Siberia and the Kuril Islands, south to Singapore. Invaded many other areas, including Australia, New Zealand and the Mediterranean

Introduced from China.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth: intertidal; habit: byssally attached; habitat: intertial flats, encased in a byssal nest and forming a dense mat (Hong Kong; Lee & Morton 1983), clustered together on mud flats seaward of mangrove forests in Phuket (Willan 1995); substrate: mud.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88, fig. 194]

Lee, S.Y. & Morton, B. 1983. Hong Kong Mytilidae. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on the Malacofauna of Hong Kong and Southern China 1983: 49-76 [59] (distribution; ecology)

Slack-Smith, S.M. & Brearley, A. 1987. Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842); a mussel recently introduced into the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia (Mollusca: Mytilidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 13: 225-230 (Weatern Australia introduction, distribution, ecology)

Tantanasiriwong, R. 1979. A checklist of marine bivalves from Phuket (area). Phuket Marine Biological Center, Research Bulletin 27: 1-15 [5] (ecology, distribution)

Willan, R.C. 1985. Successful establishment of the Asian mussel Musculista senhousia (Benson in Cantor, 1842) in New Zealand. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 22: 85-96 (distribution, ecology, taxonomy, synonymy)

Common Name References

Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y. 1999. Catalogue and Bibliography of the Marine Shell-bearing Mollusca of Japan. Japan : Elle Scientific Publications 749 pp. [B159] (Higo et al, 1999, species number: B159) (Hototogisu)

Wilson, B. 2002. A handbook to Australian seashells on seashores east to west and north to south. Sydney : Reed New Holland 185 pp. [34, pl.35D] (Senhouse's Mussel)

History of changes

• Exosiperna Iredale, T. 1929. Mollusca from the continental shelf of eastern Australia. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 17(4): 157-189, pls 38-41 [166-167].

  Type species:

   Arcoperna scapha Verco, 1908 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Japan

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

General References

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [128-129]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [14]

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [274]

Moore, R.C. (ed.) 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N. Mollusca 6. Bivalvia. Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas : Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press Vols 1 & 2 xxxviii + ii, 952 pp. [Vol.1, pp. i-xxxviii + N1-N489; Vol. 2, pp. i-ii + N491-N952] [N276]

History of changes

• Exosiperna relata Iredale, T. 1929. Mollusca from the continental shelf of eastern Australia. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 17(4): 157-189, pls 38-41 [167].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) AM C.26062, 22 mls east of Narrabeen, north of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [33°42‘0‘S, 151°43‘1.2‘E].

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [14] (General reference)

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [90] (General reference)

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [274, figs 50, 51]

History of changes

• Arcoperna scapha Verco, J.C. 1908. Notes on South Australian marine Mollusca with descriptions of new species. Part XIII. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 32: 193-202 [196, pl. 12, figs 1-5].

  Type data:

   Holotype D.13039, off Cape jaffa, 90 fathoms.

Generic Combinations

• Musculus scapha (Verco, 1908). —
  May, W.L. 1923. An illustrated index of Tasmanian shells: with 47 plates and 1052 species. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp. [Date published 31 July 1923] [pl. 4, fig. 18]
• Exosiperna scapha (Verco, 1908). —
  Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [283] (new combination)
• Solamen scapha (Verco, 1908). —
  Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [283, fig. 323]

Distribution

States

South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Chapman, F. & Gabriel, C.J. 1914. Descriptions of New and Rare fossils obtained by Deep Boring in the Mallee. ii. Mollusca. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria XXVI: 301-330, 5 pl. [307, pl. 27, fig. 16]

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [129-130, figs116, 117]

Gatliff, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1910. Additions to the Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s. 23(1): 87-98 [97]

Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M11]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [90]

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [283]

May, W.L. 1915 [1916]. Additions to the Tasmanian Mollusca, with descriptions of new species. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1915: 75-99 [issued separately 31 December 1915] [81]

May, W.L. 1921. A Checklist of the Mollusca of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania : Government Printer 114 pp. [13]

May, W.L. 1923. An illustrated index of Tasmanian shells: with 47 plates and 1052 species. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp. [Date published 31 July 1923] [pl. 4, fig. 18]

Common Name References

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [283] (Little Boat Mussel)

History of changes

• Gregariella Monterosato, M. di 1883. Conchiglie littorali Mediterranee. Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di Scienze Naturali. Palermo 3(3): 87-91 [90].

  Type species:

   Modiolus sulcatus Risso, 1826 by monotypy.
• Botulina Dall, W.H. 1889. A preliminary report of the shell-bearing marine mollusks and brachiopods of the southeastern coast of the United States, with illustrations of many of the species. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 37: 1-221, 74 pls [38].

  Type species:

   Modiola opifex Say, 1825 by monotypy.
• Trichomusculus Iredale, T. 1924. Results from Roy Bell's molluscan collections. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49(3): 179–279, pls 33–36 [196].

  Type species:

   Lithodomus barbatus Reeve, 1858 by original designation.
• Tibialectus Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [427].

  Type species:

   Tibialectus otteri Iredale, 1939 by original designation.
• Propetilus Iredale,T. 1937. Middleton and Elizabeth Reef, South Pacific Ocean. The Australian Zoologist 8: 232-261 [235 & 261].

  Type species:

   Musculus nubilis Iredale, 1937 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-West Pacific, Eastern Pacific, Mediterranean, Carribean

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [133, 328] (as Trichomusculus Iredale, 1924)

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13] (as Trichomusculus Iredale, 1924)

Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. [508] (Biology and ecology)

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88] (and 92 as Trichomusculus Iredale, 1924)

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [268] (as Trichomusculus Iredale, 1924)

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [291, 293]

History of changes

• Lithodomus barbatus Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Lithodomus. pls 1, 5 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl. 5, fig. 27].
• Lithodomus laniger Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Modiola. pls 1, 10, 11 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl. 5].
• Modiolaria arcuata Gould, 1861.
• Modiolaria barbata Angas, G.F. 1867. On a new genus and some new species of marine Mollusca from Port Jackson, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 908-935, pl. 44 [911, pl. 44, fig. 12].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Crenella (Modiolaria) barbata (Reeve, 1858). —
  Angas, G.F. 1867. A list of species of marine Mollusca found in Port Jackson harbour, New South Wales, and on the adjacent coasts, with notes on their habits etc. Part II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 912-935 [929] (New combination)
• Modiolaria barbata (Reeve, 1858). —
  Tate, R. 1887. A revision of the Recent lamellibranch and palliobranch Mollusca of South Australia. Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia 9: 76-111 [106]
• Trichomusculus barbatus (Reeve, 1858). —
  Iredale, T. 1924. Results from Roy Bell's molluscan collections. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49(3): 179–279, pls 33–36 [196]
• Gregariella barbatus (Reeve, 1858). —
  Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [293]
• Musculus barbatus (Reeve, 1858). —
  Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M11]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Central Indo-west Pacific to Japan

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth: infralittoral fringe, at and below low tide; substrate: mud, rocks, under stones where sediment has accumulated.

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [295, text fig. 4]

Beu, A.G. 2004. Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 1: Revised generic positions and recognition of warm-water and cool-water migrants. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 34(2): 111-265 [149]

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [133-134, fig. 123]

Hedley, C. 1902. Scientific results of the trawling expedition of H.M.C.S. "Thetis" off the coast of New South Wales in February and March 1898. Mollusca. Part 1. Brachiopoda and Pelecypoda. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4: 285-324 [310]

Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M11]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [416]

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13]

Kleemann, K.H. 1983. Catalogue of recent and fossil Lithophaga (Bivalvia). Journal of Molluscan Studies (Supplement) 12: 1-46 [3] (synonymy, type data, ecology)

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [92, fig. 212]

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [269, figs 16-18]

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [293]

May, W.L. 1921. A Checklist of the Mollusca of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania : Government Printer 114 pp. [12]

May, W.L. 1923. An illustrated index of Tasmanian shells: with 47 plates and 1052 species. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp. [Date published 31 July 1923] [pl. 4, fig. 13]

Phillips, D.A.B., Handreck, C., Bock, P.E., Burn, R., Smith, B.J. & Staples, D.A. (eds) 1984. Coastal Invertebrates of Victoria: an atlas of selected species. Melbourne : Marine Research Group of Victoria & Museum of Victoria 168 pp. [84] (biology and ecology)

Pritchard, G.B. & Gatliff, J.H. 1904. Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Victoria. Part VIII. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s. 17(1): 220-266 [254]

Tate, R. & May, W.L. 1901. A revised census of the marine Mollusca of Tasmania. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26(3): 344-471 [438]

Whitelegge, T. 1889. List of the Marine and Freshwater Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and the Neighbourhood. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 23: 163-323 [244]

Zhenrui, W. & Zhongyan, Q. 1984. Study on Chinese species of the family Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Studia Marina Sinica 22: 198-242 [227] (synonymy, distribution)

Common Name References

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [293] (Hairy Three-Area Mussel)

History of changes

• Mytilus coralliophaga Gmelin J.F. 1791. Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer Vermes. Vol. 1(Part 6) pp. 3021–3910. [officially regarded by the ICZN Opinion 296 (26 Oct 1954) as the 13th edition of Systema Naturae] [3359, sp. 31].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Oceano indico et americano.
• Modiola semen Lamarck, J.B. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 6(1) 343 pp. [Date published July 1819] [115, sp. 21] [based on Chemnitz, J.H. 1785. Neues systematisches Conchylien - Cabinet. Nürnberg : G.N. Raspe Vol. 8 372 pp., pls 70-102].
• Modiola divaricata Philippi, A.R. 1847. Testaceorum novorum centuria. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie 1847: 71-77, 84-96, 113-127 [115-116, sp. 43].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, “Mare Antillarum”.
• Lithodomus gossei Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Lithodomus. pls 1, 5 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl. 5, fig. 29].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Jamaica.
• Lithodomus argenteus Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Lithodomus. pls 1, 5 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl. 5, fig. 33] [non Orbigny 1847].
• Tibialectus otteri Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [424, pl. 6, fig. 24].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.60408, Great Barrier Reef, Low Islands, Queensland, Australia [16°22‘58.8‘S, 145°34‘1.2‘E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Gregariella coralliophaga (Gmelin, 1791).
• Gregariella otteri (Iredale, 1939).

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific, Carribean

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88]

History of changes

• Musculus (Propetilus) nubilis Iredale, T. 1937. Mollusca. pp. 232-261, pls 15-17 in Whitley, G.P. The Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs South Pacific Ocean. The Australian Zoologist 8: 232-261 [Date published 12 March] [234].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.170917, Elizabeth Reef, Australia.

Generic Combinations

• Gregariella nubilis (Iredale, 1937).

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Elizabeth Reef

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Lord Howe Province (14)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. 1937. Mollusca. pp. 232-261, pls 15-17 in Whitley, G.P. The Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs South Pacific Ocean. The Australian Zoologist 8: 232-261 [Date published 12 March] [235] (living on Tridacna)

History of changes

• Volsella splendida Dunker, W. 1857. Mytilacea nova collectionis Cumingianae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 24(1856): 358-366 [May 8 1857] [365].
• Modiola opifex Reeve, L.A. 1857. Monograph of the genus Modiola. pls 1-11 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 10. [pl.8].
• Lithodomus splendidus Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Lithodomus. pls 1, 5 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl.5] [non Volsella splendida Dunker, 1857].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Modiola splendida (Dunker). —
  Clessin, S. 1889. Mytilacea. In, Küster, H.C., Martini, F.W. & Chemnitz, J.H. (eds). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe Vol. 8, Part 3. [105, pl. 30, fig. 5, 6]
• Modiolaria (Gregariella) splendida (Reeve). —
  Lamy, E. 1937. Révision des Mytilidae vivantes du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Journal de Conchyliologie 81: 5-71, 99-132, 169-197 [45-49] (Reeve given as author)
• Gregariella splendida (Dunker, 1857). —
  Zhenrui, W. & Zhongyan, Q. 1984. Study on Chinese species of the family Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Studia Marina Sinica 22: 198-242 [225] (earlier record of combination by Chinese author exist (see synonomy in article))
• Modiolaria splendida (Dunker). —
  Hedley, C. 1902. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26: 700-708 [706]
• Lithodomus splendida (Dunker, 1857). —
  Reeve, L.A. 1857. Monograph of the genus Lithodomus. pls 2-4 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 10. [sp. 31]
• Trichomusculus splendidus (Dunker, 1857). —
  Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [269]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Hedley, C. 1902. Studies on Australian Mollusca. Part V. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26: 700-708 [706-707, pl. 34, fig. 1]

Hedley, C. 1906. The Mollusca of Mast Head Reef, Capricorn Group, Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 31(3): 453-479, pls 36-37 [464]

Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M12]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88, fig. 196]

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [269]

Whitelegge, T. 1889. List of the Marine and Freshwater Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and the Neighbourhood. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 23: 163-323 [244]

Zhenrui, W. & Zhongyan, Q. 1984. Study on Chinese species of the family Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Studia Marina Sinica 22: 198-242 [225] (Chinese record (in Chinese))

History of changes

Taxonomic Decision for Subgeneric Arrangement

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [131-132]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. 1914. On some invalid molluscan generic names. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 11: 170-178 [Sept. 1914] [173] (as Modiolarca)

Iredale, T. 1915. A commentary on Suter's "Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 417-497 [Date published 12 July 1915] [484]

Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [423]

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13]

Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian marine shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. [508] (biology and ecology)

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [267]

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [290-291]

Moore, R.C. (ed.) 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N. Mollusca 6. Bivalvia. Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas : Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press Vols 1 & 2 xxxviii + ii, 952 pp. [Vol.1, pp. i-xxxviii + N1-N489; Vol. 2, pp. i-ii + N491-N952] [N276]

Moore, R.C. (ed.) 1969. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N. Mollusca 6. Bivalvia. Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas : Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press Vols 1 & 2 xxxviii + ii, 952 pp. [Vol.1, pp. i-xxxviii + N1-N489; Vol. 2, pp. i-ii + N491-N952] [N276]

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [50]

History of changes

• Modiolarca Gray, J.E. 1842. Shells of Molluscous Animals. pp. 48-92 in Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum. London : British Museum 44th Edn. [92].

  Type species:

   Mytilus impactus Hermann, 1782 by subsequent monotypy, see Gray, J.E. 1843. Catalogue of the species of Mollusca and their shells which have hitherto been recorded as found at New Zealand with the description of some lately discovered species. pp. 228–265 in Dieffenbach, E. (ed.). Travels in New Zealand: with contributions to the geography, geology, botany and natural history of that country. London : John Murray Vol. 2. [259].

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

History of changes

• Mytilus coenobitus Vaillant, L. 1865. Recherches sur la faune malacologique de la Baie de Suez. Journal de Conchyliologie 13: 97-127 [115].
• Modiolaria cuneata Gould, A.A. 1861. Descriptions of shells collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition (continued). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 8: 14-40 [38].
• Musculus chinensis Bernard, F.R., Cai, Y.Y. & Morton, B. 1993. Catalogue of the Living Marine Bivalve Molluscs of China. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press 121 pp. [34] (nom. nov. Modilaria cuneata Gould, 1861, non Modiola cuneata J. Sowerby, 1818).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Musculus (Modiolarca) coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865).

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Modiolaria marmorata auctt. [misidentication; non Forbes 1838].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Northern Australia, Arafura Sea; Indo-West Pacific

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth: continental shelf, to 40m; substrate: rocks, in ascidians and rocks.

General References

Bernard, F.R., Cai, Y.Y. & Morton, B. 1993. Catalogue of the Living Marine Bivalve Molluscs of China. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press 121 pp. [34]

Hedley, C. 1906. The Mollusca of Mast Head Reef, Capricorn Group, Queensland. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 31(3): 453-479, pls 36-37 [464] (as M. cuneata)

Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M11] (as M. cuneatus)

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88, fig. 200]

Pritchard, G.B. & Gatliff, J.H. 1904. Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Victoria. Part VIII. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s. 17(1): 220-266 [254] (as M. cuneata)

Smith, E.A. 1885. Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(35): 1-341, 25 pls [278, pl. 16, fig. 7, 7a] (as M. cuneata)

Whitelegge, T. 1889. List of the Marine and Freshwater Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and the Neighbourhood. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 23: 163-323 [244] (as M. cuneata)

History of changes

• Modiola cumingiana Reeve, L.A. 1857. Monograph of the genus Mytilus. pls 2-7, 9 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 10. [pl. 9, fig. 50].

  Type data:

   
  Status unknown, Not isolated in BMNH., Moreton Bay, Queensland; Moreton Bay, Qld, Australia
  Comment: Recluz MS; original reference seen. Other data from R. Kilburn's database.
• Musculus ulmus Iredale, T. 1936. Australian molluscan notes. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 19(5): 267-340, pls 20-24 [271].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.60616, Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, Australia [33°51‘0‘S 151°13‘58.8‘E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Crenella (Modiolaria) cumingiana (Reeve, 1857). —
  Angas, G.F. 1865. On the marine molluscan fauna of the Province of South Australia: with a list of all the species known up to the present time; together with remarks on their habitats and distribution, etc. Part 2. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865: 643-657 [653]
• Musculus cumingiana (Reeve, 1857). —
  Hedley, C. 1916. A preliminary index of the Mollusca of Western Australia. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 1: 152-226 [159]
• Modiolaria cumingiana (Reeve, 1857). —
  Küster, H.C., Martini, F.W. & Chemnitz, J.H. (eds) 1889. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe Vol. 8, Part 3. [146, pl. 34, figs 2, 3]
• Ryenella cumingianus (Reeve, 1857). —
  Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. Seashells of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp. [152]
• Musculus (Modiolarca) cumingianus (Reeve, 1857).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Indo-west Pacific, southern Africa, Kermadecs

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Usually embedded in tunicates

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [295, fig. 3]

Cotton, B.C. 1964. South Australian Mollusca. Chitons. Adelaide : S.A. Govt. Printer 150 pp. [4, pl. 3, fig. 9]

Hedley, C. 1916. A preliminary index of the Mollusca of Western Australia. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 1: 152-226 [159]

Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M11]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. 1924. Results from Roy Bell's molluscan collections. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 49(3): 179–279, pls 33–36 [179]

Iredale, T. 1936. Australian molluscan notes. No. 2. Records of the Australian Museum 19(5): 267-340, pls 20-24 [270, pl. 21, fig. 1]

Iredale, T. 1939. Mollusca. Part 1. British Museum (Natural History), London. Great Barrier Reef Expedition, 1928-29. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(6): 209-425, pls 1-75 [423]

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13]

Kilburn, R.N. & Rippey, E. 1982. Seashells of Southern Africa. Johannesburg : MacMillan South Africa Publishers 249 pp. [160]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88, fig. 199]

Lamy, E. 1937. Révision des Mytilidae vivantes du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Journal de Conchyliologie 81: 5-71, 99-132, 169-197 [24]

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [267, fig. 11] (aslo as M. ulmus (p. 268, fig. 12))

Macpherson, J.H. 1966. Port Phillip Survey 1957–1963. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 27: 201–288 [230] (as Lanistina ulmus)

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [291] (as Lanistina ulmus)

May, W.L. 1921. A Checklist of the Mollusca of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania : Government Printer 114 pp. [12]

May, W.L. 1923. An illustrated index of Tasmanian shells: with 47 plates and 1052 species. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp. [Date published 31 July 1923] [pl. 4, fig. 14]

Odhner, N.H. 1917. Results of Dr E. Mjöbergs Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia. 1910–1913, pt XVII, Mollusca. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 52(16): 1–115 pls 1–3 [Date published 19 Sept. 1917] [21]

Oliver, P.G. 1992. Bivalved Seashells of the Red Sea. Wiesbaden : Verlage Christa Hemmen 330 pp. [pl. 5, fig. 6 a-b, key fig. 14]

Satyamurti, S.T. 1956. Mollusca of Krusadai Is. II. Scaphopoda, Pelecypoda, and Cephalopoda. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, Natural History ns 1(no. 2, pt 7): 202 pp., 30 pls [36]

Smith, E.A. 1885. Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(35): 1-341, 25 pls [278]

Steyn, D.G. & Lussi, M. 1998. Marine Shells of South Africa. Hartebeespoort, South Africa : Ekogilde Publishers 264 pp. [821]

Tate, R. 1887. A revision of the Recent lamellibranch and palliobranch Mollusca of South Australia. Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia 9: 76-111 [106]

Tate, R. 1897. Critical remarks on some Australian Mollusca. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 1897: 40-49 [49]

Tate, R. & May, W.L. 1901. A revised census of the marine Mollusca of Tasmania. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26(3): 344-471 [438]

Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1879. Census; with brief descriptions of the marine shells of Tasmania and the adjacent islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1877: 26-57 [Date published 14 Jun]

Wells, F.E. & Bryce, C.W. 1986. Seashells of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum 207 pp. [152, fig. 561]

Whitelegge, T. 1889. List of the Marine and Freshwater Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and the Neighbourhood. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 23: 163-323 [244]

Zhenrui, W. & Zhongyan, Q. 1984. Study on Chinese species of the family Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Studia Marina Sinica 22: 198-242 [223] (synonymy, distribution)

Common Name References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [p.295, f.3] (Three-area Mussel)

History of changes

• Mytilus impacta Hermann, J. 1782. Zweeter beief über einige conchylien. Der Naturforscher 17: 126-152, pl. 3, figs 5-8 [152, pl. 3, figs 5-8].
• Modiola discors Lamarck, J.B. 1819. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres. Paris : J.B. Lamarck Vol. 6(1) 343 pp. [Date published July 1819] [114] [might be of earlier date, in Encyc. Meth.].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Crenella discors (Lamarck, 1819). —
  Hutton, F.W. (ed.) 1873. Catalogue of the marine Mollusca of New Zealand, with diagnoses of species. Wellington : Government Printer 116 pp. [78]
• Modiolaria impacta (Hermann, 1782). —
  Clessin, S. 1889. Mytilacea. In, Küster, H.C., Martini, F.W. & Chemnitz, J.H. (eds). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe Vol. 8, Part 3. [147, pl. 34, fig. 9]
• Crenella impacta (Hermann, 1782). —
  Hutton, F.W. 1880. Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington : Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department 224 pp. [168]
• Lanistina impacta (Hermann, 1782). —
  Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [291]
• Modiola impacta (Hermann, 1782). —
  Hanley, S. 1843. Illustrated and descriptive catalogue of Recent shells. London : Williams & Norgate 392 pp. [241]
• Musculus impactus (Hermann, 1782). —
  Oliver, W.R.B. 1915. The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 509-568 [552]
• Musculus (Modiolarca) impactus (Hermann, 1782).

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

New Zealand

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Beu, A.G. 2004. Marine Mollusca of oxygen isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 1: Revised generic positions and recognition of warm-water and cool-water migrants. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 34(2): 111-265 [148, 149]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. 1915. A commentary on Suter's "Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 417-497 [Date published 12 July 1915] [484]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88, fig. 198]

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [291, fig. 333]

Oliver, W.R.B. 1915. The Mollusca of the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 509-568 [552]

Pritchard, G.B. & Gatliff, J.H. 1904. Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Victoria. Part VIII. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s. 17(1): 220-266 [253] (synonymy and bibliography)

History of changes

• Musculus Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp. [Date published September 1798] [156].

  Type species:

   Mytilus discors Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Iredale, T. 1915. A commentary on Suter's "Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca". Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 47: 417-497 [Date published 12 July 1915] [484].
• Planimodiola Cossmann, M. 1887. Catalogue Illustré des Coquilles Fossiles de l'Éolcène des Environs de Paris. Annales de la Société Malacologique de Belgique 22: 3-198, pls 1-8 [Date published April] [155].

  Type species:

   Modiola sulcata Lamarck, 1805 by original designation.
• Modiolaria Beck, H.H. 1838. In Robert, E. Voyage en Islande et au Groënland exécuté pendant les années 1835 et 1836 sur la corvette "La Recherche"... dans le but de découvrir les traces de "La Lilloise". Minéralogie et Géologie. Publié par ordre du Roi sous la direction de M. Paul Gaimard. Paris: Arthus Bertrand. pp. [Reference has not been located and cannot be cited in full] [pl. 17] [objective synonym].

  Type species:

   Mytilus discors Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Dall, W.H. 1898. Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of Florida, with especial reference to the silex beds of Tampa and the Pliocene beds of the Caloosahatchie River, including in many cases a complete revision of the generic groups treated of and thier American Tertiary species. Part IV. I. Prionodesmacea: Nucula to Julia. 2. Teleodesmacea: Teredo to Ervilia. Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of Science, Philadelphia 3(4): 571-947, pls 23-35 [804].
• Lanistina Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of the Genera of Recent Mollusca, their Synonyms and Types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15: 129-242 [199] [objective synonym; new name for Lanistes Swainson, 1840, not Montfort, 1810].

  Type species:

   Mytilus discors Linnaeus, 1767 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

History of changes

• Musculus alganus Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [268, figs 13, 14].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM C.90538, on algae in rock pools, Yamba, New South Wales, Australia [29°25‘58.8‘S 153°21‘28.8‘E].

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Musculus (Musculus) alganus Laseron, 1956.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Habitat: tide pools; substrate: algal turf.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [90, fig. 206]

History of changes

• Musculus nanulus Michaelsen, W. & Hartmayer, R. (eds) 1930. Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : Gustav Fischer Vol. 5. [590, fig. 70].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, Sharks Bay, WA.

Miscellaneous Literature Names

• Musculus (Musculus) nanulus Thiele, 1930.

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Moolenbeek, R.G. 2009. A common mytilid from the Sunda Shelf new to science Musculus panhai n. sp. (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Miscellanea Malacologica 3(5). 113-116 pp. [114] (compared to new species)

History of changes

• Lanistina nana Dunker, W. 1857. Mytilacea nova collectionis Cumingianae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 24(1856): 358-366 [May 8 1857] [365].
• Modiolaria paulucciae Crosse, H. 1863. Description d'espèces nouvelles d'Australie. Journal de Conchyliologie 11: 84-90 [88-90, pl. 1, fig. 8].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).
• Crenella (Modiolaria) adolphi Dunker, G. 1871. Mollusca nova Musei Godeffroy Hamburgensis. Malakozoologische Blätter 18: 150–175 [173].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Crenella nana (Dunker, 1857). —
  Clessin, S. 1889. Mytilacea. In, Küster, H.C., Martini, F.W. & Chemnitz, J.H. (eds). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet. Nürnberg : Bauer & Raspe Vol. 8, Part 3. [p. 152, pl. 34, fig. 10]
• Modiolaria nana (Dunker, 1857). —
  Lynge, H. 1909. Marine Lamellibranchiata. The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899-1900. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes. Selskabs Skrifter. Kjøbenhavn 7(5): 1-299 [139, pl. 2, fig. 15]
• Modiola nana (Dunker, 1857). —
  Reeve, L.A. 1858. Monograph of the genus Modiola. pls 1, 10, 11 in Reeve, L.A. (ed). Conchologia Iconica. London : L. Reeve Vol. 10. [pl. 10, fig. 69]
• Musculus (Musculus) nanus (Dunker, 1857).
• Musculus nanus (Dunker, 1857). —
  Oostingh, C.H. 1935. Die mollusken des Pliozäns von Boeniajoe (Java). Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen, Bandoeng, Dienst van de Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië 26: 1-247 [162]

Distribution

States

Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth: intertidal, subtidal, on soft substrates, encased in a byssal nest and forming a mat.

General References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [295] (also as Modiolaria paulucciae)

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [132, fig. 122] (as Musculus paulucciae)

Cotton, B.C. 1961. South Australian Mollusca. Pelecypoda. Adelaide : W.L. Hawes, Government Printer 363 pp. [Date published Oct: Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia Series] [133, fig. 121]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [88, fig. 201]

Macpherson, J.H. & Gabriel, C.J. 1962. Marine molluscs of Victoria. Melbourne : Melbourne University Press & National Museum of Victoria 475 pp. [291] (as Linistina paulucciae)

May, W.L. 1921. A Checklist of the Mollusca of Tasmania. Hobart, Tasmania : Government Printer 114 pp. [12] (as M. paulucciae)

May, W.L. 1923. An illustrated index of Tasmanian shells: with 47 plates and 1052 species. Hobart : Government Printer 100 pp. [Date published 31 July 1923] [pl. 4, fig. 15] (as Musculus paulucciae)

Pritchard, G.B. & Gatliff, J.H. 1904. Catalogue of the Marine Shells of Victoria. Part VIII. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria n.s. 17(1): 220-266 [254] (as Modiolaria paulucciae)

Tate, R. 1887. A revision of the Recent lamellibranch and palliobranch Mollusca of South Australia. Transactions and Proceedings and Report of the Royal Society of South Australia 9: 76-111 [106] (as Modiolaria paulucciae)

Tate, R. & May, W.L. 1901. A revised census of the marine Mollusca of Tasmania. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 26(3): 344-471 [1901] (as Modiolaria paulucciae)

Common Name References

Allan, J.K. 1950. Australian shells: with related animals living in the sea, in freshwater and on the land. Melbourne : Georgian House xix, 470 pp., 45 pls, 112 text figs. [295] (Three Area Mussel)

History of changes

• Modiola varicosus Gould, A.A. 1861. Descriptions of shells collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition (continued). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 8: 14-40 [37].
• Modiolaria varicosa Gould, A.A. 1861. Descriptions of shells collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition (continued). Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 8: 14-40 [37].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Generic Combinations

• Crenella varicosa auct. (Gould, 1861). —
  Brazier, J. 1889. Notes and critical remarks on a donation of shells sent to the Museum of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of Conchology 6: 66-84 [4 May 1889] [81] (new combination)
• Crenella varicosa (Gould, 1861). —
  Brazier, J. 1889. Notes and critical remarks on a donation of shells sent to the Museum of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of Conchology 6: 66-84 [4 May 1889] [81]
• Modiolaria varicosa (Gould, 1861). —
  Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1878. On some Australian shells, described by Dr. A. Gould. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2(3): 250-261 [261]
• Musculus varicosus (Gould, 1861). —
  Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [268]
• Musculus (Musculus) varicosus (Gould, 1861).

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Marine.

General References

Brazier, J. 1889. Notes and critical remarks on a donation of shells sent to the Museum of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Journal of Conchology 6: 66-84 [4 May 1889] [81]

Hedley, C. 1918. A checklist of the marine fauna of New South Wales. Part 1. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 51: M1–M120 [M12]

Huber, M. 2010. Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. Hackenheim, Germany : ConchBooks 901 pp., 1 CD-ROM.

Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1–109 [13]

Lamprell, K. & Healy, J. 1998. Bivalves of Australia. Leiden : Backhuys Publishers Vol. 2 288 pp. [90, fig. 207]

Laseron, C. 1956. New South Wales Mussels - a taxonomic review of the family Mytilidae from the Peronian Zoogeographical Province. The Australian Zoologist 12(3): 263-283, figs 1-53 [268, fig. 15]

Smith, E.A. 1884. Mollusca. pp. 34–116, 487–508, 657–659, pls 4–7. In, Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of the H.M.S. 'Alert ' 1881-2. London : British Museum Trustees, printed by Taylor & Francis. [Part I. Collections of Melanesia, pp. 34–116; Part II. Collections from the Western Indian Ocean, pp. 487–508; explanation of plates pp. 657–659] [109, pl. 7, figs M, M1]

Smith, E.A. 1885. Report on the Lamellibranchiata collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 13(35): 1-341, 25 pls [278]

Whitelegge, T. 1889. List of the Marine and Freshwater Invertebrate Fauna of Port Jackson and the Neighbourhood. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 23: 163-323 [244]

History of changes