Species Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764)
Danaid Eggfly
Type data:
Lectotype LS ♀, Java, Indonesia (as America in original description)
Comment: Linnaeus in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Corbet, A.S. 1949. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 7. Summary of determinations. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18: 191–199 [193, 196] (recorded the type specimen in the LS).Type locality references:
Corbet, A.S. 1941. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pts 1, 2. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 10: 8-27 [24] (referred to Aurivillius' identification of Java as the type locality and Aurivillius' inability to locate the type in ZIUU); Corbet, A.S. 1949. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 7. Summary of determinations. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18: 191-199 [196] (repeated the opinion that the type locality was Java); Corbet, A.S. 1949. The Linnaean names of Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. Pt 7. Summary of determinations. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 18: 191-199; Miller, L.D. & Brown, F.M. 1981. A Catalogue/Checklist of the Butterflies of America North of Mexico. Memoir No. 2. Florida : Lepidopterists' Society vii 280 pp. [175] (did not examine the type locality question in detail); Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (the species is mobile and, as it occurs in America, Linnaeus' original locality is not disproved).- Papilio diocippus Cramer, P. 1775. Uitlandsche Kapellen. [Dutch title] or Papilions exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amérique. [French title]. Amsterdam Baalde and Utrecht : Wild Vol. 1(1–7) 1-132 pls 1-84. [issued 1775, dated 1775–1790] [pl. 28 figs B, C].
Type data:
Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♀, Jakarta, Indonesia (as Batavia in original description)
Comment: Cramer in the original description referred to several earlier illustrations and descriptions. - Papilio inaria Cramer, P. 1779. Uitlandsche Kapellen. [Dutch title] or Papilions exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amérique. [French title]. Amsterdam Baalde and Utrecht : Wild Vol. 3(17–21) 1-104 pls 193-252. [issued 1779, dated 1775–1790] [36 pl. 214].
Type data:
Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♀, Ambon and Java (in original description)
Comment: Cramer in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described but mentioned several localities. - Hypolimnas alcippoides Butler, A.G. 1883. On some Lepidoptera from the Victoria Nyanza. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 12: 101-107 [102].
Type data:
Syntype(s) BMNH Rh8823 1♂, 'Victoria Nyanza', Africa; BMNH Rh 8824 1♀, 'Victoria Nyanza', Africa
Comment: Butler in the original description mentioned both sexes; Gabriel, A.G. 1927. Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera in the British Museum. Part III. Nymphalidae. London : British Museum 128 pp. [9] (listed both male and female types; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (Gabriel's listing is not accepted as a lectotype designation).Type locality references:
Gabriel, A.G. 1927. Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera in the British Museum. Part III. Nymphalidae. London : British Museum Vol. 3 128 pp.; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. - Hypolimnas misippus picta Fruhstorfer, H. 1912. The Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. [Nymphalidae]. 453-536, 545-560 pls 115, 119, 123-138 in Seitz, A. (ed.). The Macrolepidoptera of the World: a systematic description of the hitherto known macrolepidoptera. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Vol. 9 1197 pp. [Date published 1911-16] [publication date: Griffin, F.J. 1936. The contents of the parts and the dates of appearance of Seitz' Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (The Macrolepidoptera of the World), Lieferungen 1 to 130 Palaearctic and 1 to 575 exotic. Vols 1 to 16, 1907–1935. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85(10): 243–279] [547].
Type data:
Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♂, Taiwan (as Formosa in original description)
Comment: Fruhstorfer in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described. - Hypolimnas misippus immima Bernardi, G. 1959. La variation géographique du polymorphisme chez les Hypolimnas du continent africain (Lep. Nymphalidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire A 21: 1021-1032 [1023].
Type data:
Holotype MNHP ♀ (Bernardi designated a holotype), Mauritius (as île Maurice in original description).
Paratype(s) MNHP unknown number and sex, uncertain (numerous African localities given)
Comment: Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp. (Bernardi (1959) used the term morph and the name may be infrasubspecific, but it was recognised by Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.L. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne : CSIRO Publications xi 803 pp. [337]).Type locality references:
Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.L. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne : CSIRO Publications xi 803 pp. [Date published 31 December 1995]; Edwards, E.D., Newland, J. & Regan, L. 2001. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. In Wells, A. & Houston, W.W.K. Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 31.6. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing, Australia. x 615 pp.
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
- Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.L. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne : CSIRO Publications xi 803 pp. [Date published 31 December 1995] [337]
Distribution
States
New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia
Extra Distribution Information
Extralimital distribution—Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Maluku), Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Nearctic Region, Neotropical Region, Oriental Region.
IBRA
NSW, NT, Qld, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Arnhem (CA), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)
Other Regions
Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater
Original AFD Distribution Data
Afrotropical Region
Australian Region
- Australia
- New South Wales: SE coastal
- Norfolk Island
- Northern Territory: N coastal
- Queensland: N Gulf, NE coastal
- Western Australia: N coastal
- Indonesia
- Irian Jaya
- Maluku
- Papua New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
Nearctic Region
Neotropical Region
Oriental Region
Palaearctic Region
Ecological Descriptors
Larva: herbivore (associated flora: Pseuderanthemum variabile (R.Br.) Radlk. [ACANTHACEAE] Love Flower; Portulaca oleracea L. [PORTULACACEAE]; Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson [ACANTHACEAE]).
General References
Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.L. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne : CSIRO Publications xi 803 pp. [Date published 31 December 1995] [337]
Clarke, C.A., Clarke, F.M.M., Gordon, I.J. & Marsh, N.A. 1989. Rule-breaking mimics: palatability of the butterflies Hypolimnas bolina and Hypolimnas misippus, a sister species pair. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 37: 359-365 [359]
Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [392] (biology)
Waterhouse, G.A. 1932. What Butterfly is That? A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia. Illustrated by Neville Cayley. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 291 pp. 34 pls. [Date published 15/Dec/1932] [85] (biology)
Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [58] (description, distribution)
History of changes
| Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 07-Mar-2024 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Feb-2023 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 22-Dec-2023 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby (ANU) |
| 13-May-2022 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 26-Feb-2021 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Jun-2020 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | Dr Michael Braby |
| 04-Jun-2020 | NYMPHALIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 06-Sep-2017 | PAPILIONOIDEA | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | |
| 05-Mar-2013 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 30-Mar-2012 | 07-Mar-2024 | MODIFIED | ||
| 05-Apr-2011 | MOVED |