Subspecies Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea (Latham, 1801) (Extinct)

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• Columba spadicea Latham, J. 1801. Supplementum Indicis Ornithologici, sive Systematis Ornithologiae. London : G. Leigh, J. & S. Sotheby 74 pp. [60] [based on the Chestnut-shouldered Pigeon in Latham, J. 1802. Supplement II. to the General Synopsis of Birds. London : Leigh, Sotheby & Son 376 pp. pls CXX–CXL [publication dated as 1801] (375), in turn possibly based on fig. 84, the 'Norfolk Island Pigeon', in the 'Sydney' bird paintings, a set of 100 figures of Australian birds collated from paintings prepared in the first few years of settlement of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, and now lodged in the Mitchell Library, Sydney; for details of the paintings and their subjects, see Hindwood, K.A. 1965. The "Sydney" Bird Paintings. Australian Zoologist 13: 83–92 [Mathews, G.M. 1925. The Birds of Australia. Supplements 4 & 5. Bibliography of the Birds of Australia Pts 1 & 2. London : H.F. & G. Witherby viii 149 pp. Zimmer, J.T. 1926. Catalogue of the Edward E. Ayer Ornithological Library. Field Museum of Natural History Publications, Zoological Series 16: 1–364 (Pt 1, Publ. 239), 365–706 (Pt 2, Publ. 240)]; figures of this species may have also been available to Latham from the Raper and Hunter collections, see Hindwood, K.A. 1964. George Raper: an artist of the First Fleet. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Historical Society 50: 32–57, and Hindwood, K.A. 1965. John Hunter: A naturalist and artist of the First Fleet. Emu 65: 83–95].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown (possibly illustrated in the 'Sydney' bird paintings fig. 84, Mitchell Library, Sydney), Norfolk Is. (as insula Norfolk Maris Australis, by reference).
• Columba argetraea Forster, J.R. 1794. Lieutenant King's Nachrichten von der Norfolk-Inseln. (Footnote). p. 11 In, Die neuesten Reisen nach der Botany Bay und Port-Jackson, Magazin von merkwürdigen neuen Reise Beschreibungen. Berlin : J.R. Forster. [313] [published in a list of birds observed on Norfolk Island by J.R. and G. Forster when it was discovered in 1774 on Captain James Cook's second voyage; application of name clear from accompanying description—'eine braun rothe schone Taube mit weissem Bauche', see Iredale, T. 1937. J.R. & G. Forster, naturalists. Emu 37: 95–99; Mathews, G.M. 1942. Additions to the list of Australian birds and other notes. Australian Zoologist 10(suppl.): 161–166; no type material specified; name unused (except by Mathews, G.M. 1946. A Working List of Australian Birds including the Australian Quadrant and New Zealand. Sydney : G.M. Mathews 184 pp.) and published in an obscure series, several new names in which have been suppressed under Opinion 410 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature; accordingly, Columba argetraea Forster, 1794 is not taken up here as senior to Columba spadicea Latham, 1802 because under ICZN Art. 80, it has been referred to the Standing Committee on Ornithological Nomenclature of the International Ornithological Committee to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for suppression under ICZN Art. 79].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown, Norfolk Is.
• Columba gigas Ranzani, C. 1821. Elementi di Ornitologia. In, Elementi di Zoologia Vol. 3. Bologna : Tipografia Nobili Vol. 1 viii 247 pp. 4 pls. [publication dated as 1823] [223] [nom. nov. for Columba spadicea Latham, 1802, although with the type locality 'isole degli amici', cf. Stresemann, E. 1953. Analyse von C.J. Temmincks "Catalogue Systématique" (1807). Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 31: 319–331].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).
• Columba leucogaster Wagler, J. 1827. Systema Avium. Pars prima. Stuttgart and Tubingen : J.G. Cottae 411 (unpaginated). [231] [nom. nov. for Columba spadicea Latham, 1802; Columba sp. 12].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s).
• Columba princeps Vigors, N.A. 1833. In Proceedings of meeting of Zoological Society of London, June 25, 1833. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1833: 78 [78] [based on two living birds then in the menagerie of the Zoological Society of London and long since dead and disposed of, see Sharpe, R.B. 1906. Birds. pp. 79–515 in, The History of the Collections contained in the Natural History Departments of the British Museum. London : British Museum Vol. 2. (514–515); their identification with this form is questionable and follows Salvadori, T. 1893. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons. London : British Museum Vol. 21 xvii 676 pp. XV pls].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown (lost), Norfolk Is. (as Australia).

  Type locality references:

  Mathews, G.M. 1927. Systema Avium Australasianarum. A systematic list of the birds of the Australasian region. London : British Ornithologists' Union Pt 1 iv 426 pp. [54].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Peters, J.L. 1937. Check-list of Birds of the World. Cambridge : Harvard University Press Vol. 3 xiii 311 pp. [55]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Extinct.

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IMCRA

Norfolk Island Province (21)

Other Regions

Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Arboreal, closed forest, diurnal, florivore, folivore, frugivorous, sedentary, tall forest, volant.

Extra Ecological Information

Randomly dispersed, arboreal fruit-eating pigeon not recorded since 1900, thought to have been exterminated by hunting.

General References

Mathews, G.M. 1928. The Birds of Norfolk & Lord Howe Islands and the Australasian South Polar Quadrant with Additions to "The Birds of Australia". London : H.F. & G. Witherby xii 139 pp. pls 1-45. (description, literature references, plate)

Schodde, R., Fullagar, P. & Hermes, N. 1983. A Review of Norfolk Island Birds: Past and Present. Canberra : Aust. Natl Parks Wldlf. Serv. Spec. Publ. 8 viii (un-numbered) 119 pp. (record of extinction, literature references, taxonomic position of local form)

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