Family HAPLOTAXIDAE Michaelsen, 1900
Compiler and date details
Adrian M. Pinder
- Haplotaxidae Michaelsen, W. 1900. Oligochaeta. Das Tierreich 10: 1-565 [107].
Type genus:
Haplotaxis Hoffmeister, 1843.
- Brinkhurst, R.O. 1988. A taxonomic analysis of the Haplotaxidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 2243-2252 [2250]
Introduction
This family of about 20 earthworm-like oligochaetes, together with the monospecific Tiguassuidae, are believed by some (Brinkhurst 1984) to be direct descendents of an ancestral form of oligochaete, though this is not a universal view (Timm 1981). The lack of a unique apomorphy for the family certainly is certainly consistent with the 'ancestral' hypothesis, but suggests that the grouping of these in a single family is artifactual (Jamieson 1988). Most species inhabit semi-terrestrial (e.g. river banks) or subterranean (caves, groundwater, hyporheic zones) habitats, though haplotaxids are occasionally found in surfacial sediments of lakes and streams. The type genus, Haplotaxis, consists of a small number of predatory worms which have a particularly muscular gizzard-like pharynx and large sickle-shaped ventral chaetae for grasping prey and is represented in Australia by H. heterogyne. Only one haplotaxid, Hologynus ornamentus Br. & Fulton (1980), described from deep Tasmanian lakes, is endemic, and the rest have been identified from very few specimens.
Diagnosis
Mostly aquatic oligochaetes superficially resembling earthworms (Opisthopora). Genitalia consisting of one or two pairs of testes and one or two pairs of ovaries, in two to four successive segments (unlike earthworms which normally have a segment between the testes and ovary-bearing segments without gonads). Genital ducts leading from each gonadal segment to pores on the next posterior segment (plesioporous). As in the Lumbriculida and Tubificida, but unlike earthworms, the clitellum is just one cell thick. Four pairs of simple-pointed chaetae per bundle.
Diagnosis References
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1971. Family Haplotaxidae. pp. 286-303 in Brinkhurst, R.O. & Jamieson, B.G.M. (eds). Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World. Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd 860 pp. [286]
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1988. A taxonomic analysis of the Haplotaxidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 2243-2252 [2250]
General References
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1982. Evolution in the Annelida. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 1043-1059
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1984. The position of the Haplotaxidae in the evolution of oligochaete annelids. Hydrobiologia 115: 25-36
Brinkhurst, R.O. 1988. A taxonomic analysis of the Haplotaxidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology 66: 2243-2252
Jamieson, B.G.M. 1988. On the phylogeny and higher classification of the Oligochaeta. Cladistics 4: 367-410
History of changes
Published | As part of group | Action Date | Action Type | Compiler(s) |
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12-Feb-2010 | (import) |