Family HALISARCIDAE Schmidt, 1862

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Diagnosis

Demospongiae in which the choanocyte chambers are tubular, branched and wide-mouthed. Larvae are incubated parenchymellae (dispherulae) with simple undifferentiated histology and cilia of uniform length. Skeleton is fibrillar collagen only, there are no fibrous or mineral elements present; ectosomal and subectosomal collagen is highly organised (Bergquist 1996). The family Halisarcidae has two to three distinct ectosomal collagenous layers.

ID Keys

Single genus Halisarca Durjardin, 1838

Diagnosis References

Bergquist, P.R. & Cook, S.D.C. 2002. Family Halisarcidae Schmidt, 1862. pp. 1078-1080 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [1078]

General References

Bergquist, P.R. 1978. Sponges. London : Hutchinson 268 pp. 12 pls 81 figs 15 tables.

Bergquist, P.R. 1980. A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (Class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 443-503 figs 1-25 pls

Bergquist, P.R., Karuso, P. & Cambie, R.C. 1990. Taxonomic relationships within the Dendroceratida: a biological and chemotaxonomic appraisal. pp. 72-78 in Rützler, K. (ed.). New Perspectives in Sponge Biology. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press.

Boury-Esnault, N., de Vos, L., Donadey, C. & Vacelet, J. 1990. Ultrastructure of choanosome and sponge classification. pp. 237-244 in Rützler, K. (ed.). New Perspectives in Sponge Biology. Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press.

Brien, P., Lévi, C., Sarà, M., Tuzet, O. & Vacelet, J. 1973. Spongiaires. pp. 1-716 485 figs in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Paris : Masson et Cie Vol. 3(1).

Ereskovsky, A.V., Lavrov, D.V., Boury-Esnault, N. & Vacelet, J. 2011. Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini. Zootaxa 2768: 5-31 [5]

Hartman, W.D. 1982. Porifera. pp. 640-666 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw-Hill Vol. 1.

Schmidt, E.O. 1862. Die Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig : Engelmann 88 pp. 7 pls. [33]

van Soest, R.W.M. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part. I. Keratosa. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 56(179): 1-94 30 figs 15 pls

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