Species Exoneura (Exoneura) variabilis Rayment, 1949

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• Exoneura variabilis Rayment, T. 1949. New bees and wasps—Part IX. Four undescribed species of Exoneura, with notes on their collection, and description of new parasites discovered on the genus. Victorian Naturalist 65: 247-254 [Date published 31/12/1949] [252].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ANIC ♂ (number of specimens is unknown, a male specimen is labelled type), Narooma, NSW.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Adult: mellivore, volant.

Larva: sedentary.

Extra Ecological Information

Nest in dead, dry stems (Deeringia R.Br. [Amaranthaceae], Hydrangea L. [Hydrangeaceae], Lantana L. [Verbenaceae], Plectranthus L'Hérit. [Lamiaceae], Rubus L. [Rosaceae]), two or more adult females may be present in one nest, not all females lay eggs, all immature stages found in the communal chamber, larvae fed progressively, flower visiting record: Bursaria Cav. [Pittosporaceae], Erigeron L. [Asteraceae], Helichrysum Miller s.lat. [Asteraceae], Leucopogon R.Br. [Epacridaceae], Lomatia R.Br. [Proteaceae].

General References

Cane, J.H. & Michener, C.D. 1983. Chemistry and function of mandibular gland products of bees of the genus Exoneura (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 9: 1525-1531 [Date published 31/12/1983] (taxonomy)

Michener, C.D. 1965. The life cycle and social organization of bees of the genus Exoneura and their parasite, Inquilina (Hymenoptera: Xylocopinae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 317-358 [Date published 31/12/1965] (biology)

Michener, C.D. 1973. Size and form of eggs of allodapine bees. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 36: 281-285 [Date published 31/12/1973] (egg)

Michener, C.D. 1977. Discordant evolution and the classification of allodapine bees. Systematic Zoology 26: 32-56 [Date published 31/12/1977] (taxonomy)

Michener, C.D. 1983. The parasitic Australian allodapine genus Inquilina (Hymenoptera, Anthophoridae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 56: 555-559 [Date published 31/12/1983] (as host)

Michener, C.D. & Scheiring, J.F. 1976. Pupae of allodapine bees (Hymenoptera: Xylocopinae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 15: 63-70 [Date published 31/12/1976] (pupa)

Schwarz, M.P., Bull, N.J. & Hogendoorn, K. 1998. Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: a review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution. Insectes Sociaux 45: 349-368 [351] (misidentification of species involved in social and biological studies; variabilis of authors = angophorella)

Schwarz, M.P., Lowe. R.M. & Lefevere, K.S. 1996. Kin association in the allodapine bee Exoneura richardsoni Rayment (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 35(1): 65-71 [Date published February] [65] (biology)

Syed, I.H. 1963. Comparative studies of larvae of Australian ceratinine bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 64: 263-280 [Date published 31/12/1963] (larva)

History of changes