Genus Eurema Hübner, 1819

Museums

Regional Maps

• Eurema Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [96].

  Type species:

   Papilio delia Cramer, 1780 by subsequent designation, see Butler, A.G. 1870. A revision of the genera of the subfamily Pierinae. Cistula Entomologica 1(3): 33-58 pls 1-4 [35] (a junior primary homonym of Papilio delia Dennis & Schiffermüller, 1775; Hübner introduced Eurema demoditas Hübner, 1819 as a replacement name for Papilio delia Cramer, 1780; this is the same species as Pieris daira Godart, 1819; (Hemming, F., 1967) [182] discussed in detail the status of and relationships between Papilio delia Cramer, 1780, Eurema demoditas Hübner, 1819 and Pieris daira Godart, 1819 and considered the better known species group name Pieris daira Godart, 1819 should have priority over Eurema demoditas Hübner, 1819 as the correct type species for Eurema Hübner, 1819).
• Abaeis Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [97] [both Eurema Hübner and Abaeis Hübner were published in [1819]; but Eurema was published in signature 6 while Abaeis was published in signature 7 and so Eurema is considered senior to Abaeis].

  Type species:

   Papilio nicippe Cramer, 1779 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1872. A systematic revision of some of the North American butterflies; with brief notes on those known to occur in Essex County, Mass. 4th Annual Report of the Trustees of the Peabody Museum. 1871. 24-82 pp. [61]; Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology Suppl. 9: 1-509 [20] (referred to the attempt to alter the type species to Papilio arethusa Drury, [1773] by Scudder (1875: 99)).
• Terias Swainson, W. 1821. Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their natural affinities. Vol. 1. London : Baldwin & Craddock 1st Series pls 19–83. [issued 1821, dated 1820–1821] [pl. 22, text to pl. 22].

  Type species:

   Papilio hecabe Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation.
• Xanthidia Boisduval, J.B.A.D. de & Le Conte, J.E. 1830. Histoire Générale et Iconographie des Lépidoptères et des Chenilles de l'Amérique Septentrionale. Paris : Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 41-56 pp., pls 13-18. [issued 1830, dated 1829] [48] [junior objective synonym of Abaeis Hübner, [1819]].

  Type species:

   Papilio nicippe Cramer, 1779 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [288].
• Heurema Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. 1867. Prodromus Systematis Lepidopterorum. Versuch einer systematischen Anordung der Schmetterlinge. Correspondenz-Blatt des Zoologisch-Mineralogischen Vereines in Regensburg 21: 100-106, 124-128 [dated 1864–1871] [105, 125] [name introduced in a key to genera on p. 105, further details on p. 125; junior homonym of Heurema Agassiz, [1847]; Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Suppl. 9: 1–509 (218) discussed the complex history of the names Heurema Herrich-Schäffer, 1865, Heurema Herrich-Schäffer, 1867 and their relationship to Heurema Agassiz, [1847]].

  Type species:

   Terias impura Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1865 by monotypy.
• Heurema Agassiz, J.L.R. 1847. [1842–1847]. Nomenclatoris Zoologici, continens nomina systematica generum Animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntor, anno editionis, etymologia, et familis, ad quas pertinent, in variis classibus. (Lepidoptera). Soloduri : Jent et Gassmann pp. Fasc. 9-10 [1846]; (Index universalis). 12 [1847] viii+393. [181] [unjustified emendation of Eurema Hübner, 1819].

  Type species:

   Papilio delia Cramer, 1780 by indication.
• Pyrisitia Butler, A.G. 1870. A revision of the genera of the subfamily Pierinae. Cistula Entomologica 1(3): 33-58 pls 1-4 [35] [name introduced on p. 35, described on p. 44].

  Type species:

   Papilio proterpia Fabricius, 1775 by original designation.
• Sphaenogona Butler, A.G. 1870. A revision of the genera of the subfamily Pierinae. Cistula Entomologica 1(3): 33-58 pls 1-4 [35] [name introduced on p. 35, described on p. 44].

  Type species:

   Terias bogotana C. & R. Felder, 1861 by monotypy ((Hemming, F., 1967) [415] discussed Butler's designation of the type species as Sphaenogona ectriva, a species undescribed until 1873, and as such a nom. nud. in 1870).
• Maiva Grose-Smith, H. & Kirby, W.F. 1893. Rhopalocera exotica, being illustrations of new, rare and unfigured species of butterflies. London : Gurney & Jackson Vol. 2 259 pp. 60 pls. [dated 1892–1897] [96].

  Type species:

   Maiva sulphurea Grose-Smith & Kirby, 1893 by monotypy (= junior synonym of Papilio brigitta Stoll, 1780).
• Kibreeta Moore, F. 1906. Lepidoptera Indica. Rhopalocera: family Papilionidae, sub-family Pierinae (continued). London : Lovell Reeve & Co. Vol. 7 pp. 17-64. [issued 1906, dated 1905-1910] [36].

  Type species:

   Papilio libythea Fabricius, 1798 by original designation (originally given as Papilio libythea a junior homonym of Papilio libythea Fabricius, 1775; a replacement name has not been regarded as necessary because Papilio libythea Fabricius, 1775 and Terias rubella Wallace, 1867 are synonyms of Papilio brigitta Stoll, 1780; (Hemming, F., 1967) [240] (discussed the status of the type species)).
• Nirmula Moore, F. 1906. Lepidoptera Indica. Rhopalocera: family Papilionidae, sub-family Pierinae (continued). London : Lovell Reeve & Co. Vol. 7 pp. 17-64. [issued 1906, dated 1905-1910] [40].

  Type species:

   Terias venata Moore, 1858 by original designation (= Terias laeta Boisduval, 1836; see Hemming (1967: 314) and Cowan (1975: 273) for publication date for Terias venata Moore, 1858; and Cowan (1969: 121) for publication date for Terias laeta Boisduval, 1836)).
• Teriocolias Röber, J.K.M. 1909. Die Palaearctica Tagfalter. Pieridae. pp. 53–1026 in Seitz, A. Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. In, The Macrolepidoptera of the World: a systematic description of the hitherto known macrolepidoptera). Vol. 5 Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen. [issued 1909, dated 1907-1935] [89].

  Type species:

   Terias atinas Hewitson, 1874 by monotypy.

 

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Yata, O. 1989. A revision of the Old World species of the genus Eurema Hübner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) Part I. Phylogeny and zoogeography of the subgenus Terias Swainson and description of the subgenus Eurema Hübner. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History 9: 1-103 pls 1-24 [52]

 

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions

drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Sturt Plateau (STU), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL)

Other Regions

Christmas Island terrestrial & freshwater, Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater, Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • Lord Howe Island
  • New South Wales: Bulloo River basin, Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Northern Territory: Lake Eyre basin, N Gulf, N coastal, W plateau
  • Queensland: Bulloo River basin, Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, N Gulf, NE coastal
  • South Australia: Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, S Gulfs, SE coastal, W plateau
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Western Australia: N coastal, NW coastal, SW coastal, W plateau
• Fiji
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
  • Kei Islands
  • Maluku
• New Caledonia
• Papua New Guinea
• Solomon Islands

Nearctic Region

Neotropical Region

Oriental Region

• Indonesia
• Philippines
• Taiwan

Palaearctic Region

General References

Jones, R.E. 1999. The Grass Yellows, Eurema Species (Pieridae). pp. 143-151 in Kitching, R.L., Scheermeyer, E., Jones, R.L. & Pierce, N.E. (eds). Biology of Australian Butterflies. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing xvi 395 pp. [143] (biology)

Jones, R.E. & Rienks, J. 1987. Reproductive seasonality in the tropical genus Eurema (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Biotropica 19(1): 7-16 [7]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [152] (as Terias, included a key to species)

Yata, O. 1985. Part 1 : Pieridae. pp. 206-438 in Tsukada, E. (ed.). Butterflies of the South East Asian Islands. II. Japan : Plapac 1-623 pls 1-162. [214] (included biology, illustrations, key to species)

Yata, O. 1989. A revision of the Old World species of the genus Eurema Hübner (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) Part I. Phylogeny and zoogeography of the subgenus Terias Swainson and description of the subgenus Eurema Hübner. Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History 9: 1-103 pls 1-24 [1]

 

History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
05-Mar-2013		05-Mar-2013	MODIFIED
30-Mar-2012		30-Mar-2012	MODIFIED
28-Mar-2012		28-Mar-2012	MODIFIED
		12-Feb-2010	(import)