Species Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758)

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Species Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Brown Gooseberry Scale, Nut Scale, Thorn Scale

Lecanium tiliae Linnaeus, C. 1758. II. Hemiptera. pp. 434-457 in Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10, 824 pp. [456].
Coccus coryli Linnaeus, C. 1758. II. Hemiptera. pp. 434-457 in Linnaeus, C. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundem classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii Vol. 1 10, 824 pp. [456] [unavailable name, see International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. Opinion 1303. Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 and Parthenolecanium Sulc, 1908 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Homoptera): type species designated. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42: 139–141 (139)].
Secondary source:
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1985. Opinion 1303. Coccus Linnaeus, 1758 and Parthenolecanium Sulc, 1908 (Insecta, Hemiptera, Homoptera): type species designated. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42: 139-141.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Miller, D.R., Ben-Dov, Y. & Gibson, G. 1998. ScaleNet: a searchable information system on scale insects. www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/scalenet.htm. (see ScaleNet for full list of synonyms)

Ecological Descriptors

Sap-feeder.

ID Keys

(Kosztarab, M., 1996) [345] (female; northeastern North America); (Tang, F.T., 1991) [156, 157] (female; China); (Gill, R.J., 1988) [40] (female; USA, California); (Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F., 1988) [184] (female; Europe); (Borchsenius, N.S., 1957) [389, 390] (female; Palaearctic Region).

GENERAL

Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Gill, R.J. 1988. The Scale Insects of California: Part 1. The Soft Scales (Homoptera : Coccoidea : Coccidae). Sacramento, California : California Dept of Food & Agriculture 132 pp., Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp., Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp. and by Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp.. Good description of the adult female given by Borchsenius, N.S. 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR ns 66: 1–493.

BIOLOGY

Develops one annual generation in Central Europe (see Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp.) and USSR, Georgia (Hadzibejli, Z.K. 1967. [Ecological characteristics of the genus Eulecanium Ckll. in the fauna of Gruzia]. Trudy Instituta Zashchita Rastenii Gruzinskoy SSR 19: 59–63). Rubin, A.Y. & Beirne, B.P. 1975. Natural enemies of the European fruit Lecanium, Lecanium tiliae (Homoptera: Coccidae), in British Columbia. Canadian Entomologist 107: 337–342 and Rubin, A.Y. & Beirne, B.P. 1975. The European fruit lecanium Lecanium tiliae (Homoptera: Coccidae) in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 72: 18–20 studied the life history and natural enemies in British Columbia.

SYSTEMATICS

Boratynski, K.L. 1970. On some species of 'Lecanium' (Homoptera, Coccidae) in the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna; with description and illustration of the immature stages of Parthenolecanium persicae. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 74: 63–76 recorded material from the Signoret's Collection, deposited in the Vienna Natural History Museum, which appears to represent part of the 'type-material' of Kollar, which was available to Signoret, V. 1874. Communication sur les cochenilles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Bulletin Entomologique 5 4: vii [402–403].

ECONOMIC AND CONTROL

Lagowska, B. 1984. [Investigations on the infestation of fruit plants by soft scales (Homoptera, Coccidae) in the Lublin area.] Badania nad nasileniem wystepowania misecznikow (Homoptera, Coccidae) na drzewach i krzewach owocowych w okolicach Lublina. Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria E, 14(1–2): 9–17 found that the frequency and infestation rate on fruit trees in Lublin, Poland was higher in unprotected orchards than in protected ones. Recorded as a pest of quince, Cydonia oblonga in Turkey, see Ulgenturk & Toros (1996).