Species Balclutha incisa (Matsumura, 1902)

Balclutha incisa (Matsumura), adult male.

© Copyright Murray Fletcher, Orange Agricultural Institute.

Museums

Regional Maps

• Gnathodus incisus Matsumura, S. 1902. Monographie der Jassinen Japans. Természetrajzi Füzetek 25: 353-404 [360].

  Type data:

   Lectotype EIHU ♂, Yano. Japan.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206] (Knight (1987) listed a lectotype for this name without providing details of who designated it. No previous designation has been found and the designation is here credited to Knight (1987) although he didn't indicate that it was a new designation which he did for all other lectotypes designated in that work).
• Balclutha breviceps Matsumura, S. 1914. Die Jassinen und einige neue Acocephalinen Japans. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, Sapporo 5: 165-240 [166].

  Type data:

   Lectotype EIHU ♂ (coll. 4.ii.1912, Matsumura), Japan.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206].
• Balclutha ogasawarensis Matsumura, S. 1914. Die Jassinen und einige neue Acocephalinen Japans. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, Sapporo 5: 165-240 [167].

  Type data:

   Lectotype EIHU ♂ (coll: 20.viii.1905, Matsumura), Bonin Islands.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206].
• Balclutha akonis Matsumura, S. 1914. Die Jassinen und einige neue Acocephalinen Japans. Journal of the College of Agriculture, Tohoku Imperial University, Sapporo 5: 165-240 [170].

  Type data:

   Lectotype EIHU ♂ (coll: 8.vii.1906, Matsumura), Tainan, Taiwan.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206].
• Eugnathodus bisinuatus DeLong, D.M. 1923. New species. pp. 257-270 in Wolcott, G.N. (ed.). Insectae Portoricensis. A preliminary annotated check-list of the insects of Porto Rico, with descriptions of some new species. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 7(1): 1-313 [266].

  Type data:

   Holotype OSM ♂ (coll: 2.iii.1923, G.N.W.), Rio Piedros, Puerto Rico.
• Eugnathodus pallidus Osborn, H. 1926. Faunistic and ecologic notes on Cuban Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 19: 335-366 [352].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM ♂ (coll: 20.ii.1925), Preston, Rancho 8, Cuba.
• Eugnathodus flavidus Naudé, T.J. 1926. Cicadellidae of South Africa, a taxonomic and faunistic study. Union of South Africa Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Entomological Memoir 4: 1-106 [88].

  Type data:

   Holotype PPRI ♀ (coll: 14.iv.1918, J.C. Faure), Bloemfontein, South Africa.
• Balclutha virescens Haupt, H. 1927. Homoptera Palestinae I. Bulletin. The Zionist Organization. Institute of Agriculture and Natural History. Agricultural Experiment Station. Tel-Aviv, Palestine 8: 5-43 [37].

  Type data:

   Lectotype MUC ♂ (coll: 6/7.x.1925), Ben Shemen, Palestine.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206].
• Eugnathodus indica Singh Pruthi, H. 1930. Studies on Indian Jassidae (Homoptera). Part I. Introductory and description of some new genera and species. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 11(1): 1-68 [48].

  Type data:

   Lectotype ZSI ♂ (coll: 26.ii.1927, H.S. Pruthi / Nerbudda Survey, 794/H7, C.P. Sta 37), Koilari, Rewa State, India.

  Subsequent designation references:

  Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206].
• Eugnathodus bifurcata DeLong, D.H. & Davidson, R.H. 1933. Some new species of Eugnathodus (Homoptera Cicadellidae). Ohio Journal of Science 33(1): 55-58 [58].

  Type data:

   Holotype OSM ♂ (coll: 13.iv.1921), Miami, Florida, USA.
• Nesosteles areolata Osborn, H. 1934. Cicadellidae of the Marquesas Islands. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 114: 239-269 [266].

  Type data:

   Holotype BPBM ♀ (coll: 2.ix.1929, A.M. Adamson), Eiao, Vaituhu, Marquesas Islands.
• Nesosteles tutuilana Osborn, H. 1934. Hemiptera. Cicadellidae (Jassidae). Pt II. Insects of Samoa and Other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda 4: 163-192 [188].

  Type data:

   Holotype BPBM ♀ (coll: 19.ii.1924, E.H. Bryan), Leone Rd, Tutuila, Samoa.
• Eugnathodus juventus Van Duzee, E.P. 1937. The Hemiptera of the Templeton Crocker Expedition to Polynesia in 1934-1935. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 4 22(4): 111-126 [125].

  Type data:

   Holotype CAS ♂, Austral Islands, Polynesia.
• Empoasca athertoni Evans, J.W. 1940. Some Queensland leafhoppers (Jassoidea: Homoptera) that attack lucerne. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 52: 10-13 [12].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM Ho. 5224 ♂ (coll.: 25.vii.1939, D.O. Atherton), Lockyer, Queensland.
• Cicadulina uniformis Metcalf, Z.P. 1946. Homoptera. Fulgoroidea and Jassoidea of Guam. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 189: 105-148 [135].

  Type data:

   Holotype whereabouts unknown ♂, Guam, Micronesia.
• Balclutha hortensis Lindberg, H. 1948. On the insect fauna of Cyprus. Results of the expedition of 1939 by Harald Håkan and P.H. Lindberg. ii. Heteroptera und Homoptera Cicadina der Insel Zypern. Commentationes Biologicae Societas Scientiarum Fennicae 10(7): 23-175 [140].

  Type data:

   Holotype UZMH ♂ (coll: 12.vi.1939, H. Lindberg), Kythrea, Cyprus.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Oman, P.W. 1936. A generic revision of American Bythoscopinae and South American Jassinae. Kansas University Science Bulletin 24: 343-420 [394] (synonymy of E. bisinuatus , E. pallidus , E. bifurcata , N. areolata , N. tutuilana )
• Linnavuori, R.E. 1975. Homoptera : Cicadellidae, Supplement. Insects of Micronesia 6(9): 611-632 [631] (synonymy of B. breviceps , B. ogasawarensis , B. akonis , C. uniformis, B. hortensis )
• Knight, W.J. 1987. Leafhoppers of the grass-feeding genus Balclutha (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) in the Pacific region. Journal of Natural History 21: 1173-1224 [1206] (synonymy of E. flavidus , E. indica , E. juventus , B. virescens , E. athertoni )

Generic Combinations

• Balclutha incisa (Matsumura, 1902). —
  Linnavuori, R.E. 1959. Revision of the Neotropical Deltocephalinae and some related subfamilies (Homoptera). Annales Zoologici Fennici 20(1): 1-370 [343]

Introduction

This drab pale green leafhopper is very common in grasslands and is probably more widely spread in Australia than records indicate. Overseas, it is found throughout the Americas, in South Africa, the Oriental and Pacific regions, including New Guinea and New Zealand. It has a distinctive digitate structure on either side of the male pygofer which can often be seen without dissection.

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, Vic, WA: Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Kimberley (CK), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Dampierland (DL), Nandewar (NAN), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Norfolk Island terrestrial & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

All stages: phloem feeder (associated flora: Oryza sativa L. [POACEAE] Rice; Medicago sativa Linnaeus [FABACEAE]; Cynodon dactylon Linnaeus [POACEAE]; Cyperus ferax Richard [CYPERACEAE]; Daucus carota Linnaeus [APIACEAE]; Eriochloa subglabra Hitchcock [POACEAE]; Ipomoea batatas Linnaeus [CONVOLVULACEAE]; Panicum barbinode [POACEAE] (possiby Pappophorum nigricans var. barbinode Domin); Saccharum sp. [POACEAE] (sugarcane)).

Diagnosis

This species can be easily identified, usually without the need for dissection, by the presence of an inwardly directed asymmetrical toothed process on each side of the pygofer posterior margin. The aedeagus is also more complex than in other species since it has a pair of elongate ventral processes.

ID Keys

Knight 1987: 1180

History of changes