Genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816

Museums

Museum list

Regional Maps

Genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816

Charaxes Ochsenheimer, F. 1816. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Leipzig : Fleisher Vol. 4 223 pp. [18] [this name and the correct name for the type species are discussed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 577. Addition to the Official Lists of Names in Zoology of the generic names Caligo Hübner, [1819], and Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816, and of the family-group names based thereon (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 17: 140–142 (142)].
Type species:
Papilio jasius Linnaeus, 1767 by monotypy.
Paphia Fabricius, J.C. 1807. Systema glossatorum. In Illiger, Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx. Magazin für Insektenkunde (Illiger) 6: 279-289 [282] [junior homonym of Paphia [Röding], 1798 (Mollusca) and of Paphia Lamarck, 1799 (Mollusca) Neave, S.A. 1939–1940. Nomenclator Zoologicus: A List of the Names of Genera and Subgenera in Zoology from the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the End of 1935. London : The Zoological Society of London Vol. 1–4 (552); placed on the Official List of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 577. Addition to the Official Lists of Names in Zoology of the generic names Caligo Hübner, [1819], and Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816, and of the family-group names based thereon (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 17: 140–142 (142)].
Type species:
Papilio jasius Linnaeus, 1767 by subsequent designation, see Crotch, M.A. 1872. On the generic nomenclature of Lepidoptera. Cistula Entomologica 1(3): 59-71, 91-92 [66].
Eriboea Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [46].
Type species:
Papilio etheocles Cramer, 1777 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [166].
Jasia Swainson, W. 1832. Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their natural affinities. Vol. 2. London : Baldwin & Craddock 2nd Series pls 86–96. [issued 1832, dated 1832–1833] [pl. 90, text to pl. 90] [junior objective synonym of Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816; placed on the Official List of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1959. Opinion 577. Addition to the Official Lists of Names in Zoology of the generic names Caligo Hübner, [1819], and Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816, and of the family-group names based thereon (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 17: 140–142 (142)].
Type species:
Papilio jasius Linnaeus, 1767 by original designation.
Monura Mabille, P. 1877. Catalogue des Lépidoptères de la côte occidentate d'Afrique. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 1876 1: 194-203, 274-281 [issued 1877, dated 1876] [280] [junior homonym of Monura Ehrenberg, 1831 (Vermes) and of Monura Gistl, 1848 (Collembola) Neave, S.A. 1939–1940. Nomenclator Zoologicus: A List of the Names of Genera and Subgenera in Zoology from the Tenth Edition of Linnaeus 1758 to the End of 1935. London : The Zoological Society of London Vol. 1–4 (216)].
Type species:
Papilio zingha Stoll, 1780 by monotypy.
Haridra Moore, F. 1880. The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1 pp. 1-40 pls 1-18. [issued 1880, dated 1880–1881] [30].
Type species:
Charaxes psaphon Westwood, 1847 by subsequent designation, see Moore, F. 1895. Lepidoptera Indica. Rhopalocera: family Nymphalidae, sub-families Satyrinae (continued), Elymniinae, Amathusiinae, Nymphalinae (Group Charaxina). London : Lovell Reeve & Co. Vol. 2(20–22) pp. 177-248. [230].
Zingha Hemming, F. 1939. Notes on the generic nomenclature of the Lepidoptera Rhopalocera I. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 8(7): 133-138 [136] [replacement name for Monura Mabille, 1876].
Type species:
Papilio zingha Stoll, 1780 by indication.
Stonehamia Cowan, C.F. 1968. Annotationes Rhopalocerologicae. Berkhamsted, Great Britain : Clunbury Press 20 pp. [Date published 31-Dec-68] [6] [replacement name for Hadrodontes Stoneham, 1964 a nom. nud.].
Type species:
Papilio varanes Cramer, 1777 by original designation.
Hadrodontes Stoneham, H.F. 1964. The Butterflies of Western Kenya with Notes on Allied Forms, etc. Pts 8-9 (Apaturidae, Charaxidinae). Nairobi, Kenya : Kitale, Stoneham Museum pp. 99-127. [102] [nom. nud.].
Polyura Billberg, G.J. 1820. Enumeratio Insectorum in Museo Gustave Johann Billberg. Stockholm : Typis Gadelianis 4 unnumbered + 138 pp. [In Latin] [79].
Type species:
Papilio pyrrhus Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [255].
Eulepis Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [170] [junior homonym of Eulepis Billberg, 1820; Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Suppl. 9: 1–509 (167, 176) discussed the complex history of the use of the name Eulepis].
Type species:
Papilio athamas Drury, 1773 by original designation.
Murwareda Moore, F. 1896. Lepidoptera Indica. Rhopalocera: family Nymphalidae, sub-families Satyrinae (continued), Elymniinae, Amathusiinae, Nymphalinae (Group Charaxina). London : Lovell Reeve & Co. Vol. 2(24) pp. 249-274. [publication date: March 1896] [263] [Hemming, F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type-species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Suppl. 9: 1–509 [300] discussed the history of this name].
Type species:
Charaxes dolon Westwood, 1847 by original designation.
Pareriboea Hemming, F. 1964. Annotationes Lepidopterologicae. London : Hepburn & Sons Pts 3–5 pp. [73]-180 vii. [126] [Hemming (1964) discussed the unavailable name Pareriboea Roepke, 1938, referred to Roepke's description and designated a type species thus validating the name Pareriboea Hemming, 1964].
Type species:
Papilio athamas Drury, 1773 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Ackery, P.R., Smith, C.L. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1995. Carcasson's African Butterflies: an annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. East Melbourne : CSIRO Publications xi 803 pp. [Date published 31 December 1995] [431]
Aduse-Poku, K., Vingerhoedt, E. & Wahlberg, N. 2009. Out-of-Africa again: a phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on 5 gene regions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 463–478 (Aduse-Poku et al (2009) presented a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis of the large genus Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816, based on a combined data set of five gene regions. They found the genus to be paraphyletic, with the Indo-Australian Polyura Billberg, 1820, and African Euxanthe Hübner, 1819, nested within it. Although only two exemplar species of Polyura from Indonesia were included in their study, the genus clustered consistently with the Charaxes pleione and C. zoolina species groups from Africa with strong support. Consequently, Aduse-Poku et al (2009) synonymised Polyura with Charaxes and recommended that it be treated as a subgenus of Charaxes, noting that the only morphological difference between these two otherwise closely related genera, the venation of the hind wing cell (which is open in Polyura but closed in Charaxes – Smiles 1982), is a trivial and labile character known to vary considerably in the Nymphalidae. The monophyly of Polyura has not been established, but morphological evidence suggests it is a homogeneous and probably monophyletic species group (Smiles 1982). The synonymy of Polyura affects four available species group names in the Australian fauna (see Braby (2010)))

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Note that conversion of the original AFD map of states, drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones to IBRA and IMCRA regions may have produced errors. The new maps will be reviewed and corrected as updates occur. The maps may not indicate the entire distribution. See further details below.

IBRA and IMCRA regions (map not available)

drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones (map not available)

IBRA

ACT, NSW, Qld, SA, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gawler (GAW), Gulf Plains (GUP), Kanmantoo (KAN), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Wet Tropics (WT)

Other Regions

Lord Howe Island terrestrial & freshwater

Original AFD Distribution Data

Afrotropical Region

Australian Region

Australia
- Australian Capital Territory
- Lord Howe Island
- New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
- Queensland: Murray-Darling basin, N Gulf, NE coastal
- South Australia: S Gulfs
- Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
- Western Australia: N coastal
Indonesia
- Irian Jaya
- Maluku
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands