Subspecies Cephrenes augiades sperthias (C. Felder, 1862)

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Subspecies Cephrenes augiades sperthias (C. Felder, 1862)

Orange Palmdart

Hesperia sperthias Felder, C. 1862. Verzeichniss der von den Naturforschern der k.k. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Macrolepidopteren. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 473-496 [492].
Type data:
Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♂, Ash Island (Newcastle), NSW (Felder did not give a precise locality in original description)
Comment: Felder in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; originally in Felder collection (which went to BMNH via Tring Museum) but not found in BMNH or in NHMW.
Type locality references:
Scott, A.W. 1865. [minutes of meeting held 1 August 1864]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales 1(3): xxxviii-xxxix [xxxviii] (listed specimens from Ash Is., NSW); Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [123] (suggested Sydney as type locality although Scott (1865) indicated that the specimens came from Ash Island (Newcastle), NSW).
Hesperia palmarum Felder, C. 1862. Verzeichniss der von den Naturforschern der k.k. Fregatte Novara gesammelten Macrolepidopteren. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12: 473-496 [492] [first published in synonymy of Hesperia sperthias Felder, 1862; the name palmarum was obtained by Felder from an unpublished manuscript by A.W. Scott; although used as an available name by Seitz, A. 1927. The Indo-Australian Rhopalocera. [Hesperiidae]. pp. 1027–1107 pls 163–175 in Seitz, A. (ed). The Macrolepidoptera of the World: a systematic description of the hitherto known macrolepidoptera. Stuttgart : Alfred Kernen Vol. 9 1197 pp. [publication date: Griffin, F.J. 1936. The contents of the parts and the dates of appearance of Seitz' Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde (The Macrolepidoptera of the World), Lieferungen 1 to 130 Palaearctic and 1 to 575 exotic. Vols 1 to 16, 1907–1935. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 85(10): 243–279] [1081], Hesperia palmarum Felder, 1862 was not validated until Evans, W.H. 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). London : British Museum xix 502 pp. 53 pls (407) treated it as a senior secondary homonym of Cephrenes palmarum (Moore, 1878) (Art. 11(e), ICZN 1985)].
Type data:
Syntype(s) whereabouts unknown ♀, Sydney, NSW (as Sidney in original description)
Comment: Felder in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; not found in BMNH; Felder recorded palmarum Felder, in synonymy, as the female of sperthias Felder; the syntypes of sperthias Felder and palmarum Felder will be the same specimens.
Type locality references:
Scott, A.W. 1865. [minutes of meeting held 1 August 1864]. Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales 1(3): xxxviii-xxxix [xxxviii] (stated that the original specimens were from Ash Island (Newcastle), NSW; Felder had obtained the specimens from Scott).
Pamphila ulama Butler, A.G. 1870. Descriptions of some new diurnal Lepidoptera, chiefly Hesperiidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 18(4): 485-520 [504].
Type data:
Lectotype BMNH ♀, Australia (as New Holland; designated in original description)
Comment: Butler in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described; Evans, W.H. 1949. A Catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). London : British Museum xix 502 pp. 53 pls [410] (indicated that the lectotype was a female).
Corone ismenoides Mabille, P. 1878. Descriptions de Lépidoptères nouveaux du groupe des Hespérides. Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2(190): 205 [205] [originally spelled as ismenoïdes].
Type data:
Lectotype BMNH ♀, Australia (designated in original description)
Comment: Mabille in the original description did not indicate the number of specimens described.
Type locality references:
Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [124] (suggested Cooktown, QLD, as the type locality).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Introduced into some major cities and towns in other areas of Australia.

Australian Endemic.

IBRA and IMCRA regions (map not available)

IBRA

NSW, Qld: Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Desert Uplands (DEU), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Gulf Plains (GUP), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), NSW North Coast (NNC), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Wet Tropics (WT)

Ecological Descriptors

Larva: herbivore.

General References

Crosby, D.F. 1990. The Orange Palmdart, Cephrenes augiades sperthias (Felder) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Victoria. Victorian Entomologist 20: 59-60 [59] (distribution)

Hutchison, M.J. 1989. The invasion of South-Western Australia by the Orange Palmdart (Cephrenes augiades sperthias (Felder), Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) and its positive effect on species richness. Journal of Biogeography 16: 131-139 [131] (distribution)

Lower, O.B. 1911. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 35: 112-172 [160] (discussed the history of the species name; Felder's description was based on specimens obtained in Sydney by Frauenfeld from A.W. Scott who had given the species the manuscript name Pamphila palmarum)

Lyonns, K.A. 1999. The Palm Darts, Cephrenes augiades and C. trichopepla (Hesperiidae). pp. 105-114 in Kitching, R.L., Scheermeyer, E., Jones, R.L. & Pierce, N.E. (eds). Biology of Australian Butterflies. Collingwood : CSIRO Publishing xvi 395 pp. [105] (biology)

Meyrick, E. & Lower, O. 1902. Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 26(2): 38-129 [113] (as Erynnis sperthias (Felder, 1862), description)

Ord, M. 1988. Historical Drawings of Moths and Butterflies, Harriet and Helena Scott: introduced and selected by Marion Ord. Roseville, NSW : Craftsman's House 147 pp. [13] (noted that Scott's specimens were collected at Ash Is., NSW, now incorporated into the industrial area of Kooragang Is., Newcastle, NSW)

Waterhouse, G.A. 1903. Catalogue of the Rhopalocera of Australia. Memoirs of the NSW Naturalists' Club No. 1. iii 49 pp. [47] (synonymy of Hesperia sperthias Felder, 1862, Pamphila ulama Butler, 1870 and Corone ismenoides Mabille, 1878)

Waterhouse, G.A. 1937. Australian Hesperiidae. VII. Notes on the types and type localities. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 62(3–4): 107-125 [123]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Turner, R.E. 1904. Notes on Hesperidae described by Mabille and reputed to be Australian. Victorian Naturalist 21(8): 109-110 [110]