Genus Candalides Hübner, 1819

Museums

Regional Maps

• Candalides Hübner, J. 1819 [1816–1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Augsburg, Germany : Jacob Hübner 17-176 pp. [issued 1819, dated 1816–1826] [73].

  Type species:

   Rusticus xanthospilos Hubner, 1817 by subsequent designation, see Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. A contribution to systematic nomenclature. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 91-293 [133].
• Nesolycaena Waterhouse, G.A. & Turner, R.E. 1905. Notes on Australian Rhopalocera: Lycaenidae. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 29(4): 798-804 [801].

  Type species:

   Holochila albosericea Miskin, 1891 by original designation.
• Adaluma Tindale, N.B. 1922. On a new genus and species of Australian Lycaenidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 46: 537-538 [537].

  Type species:

   Adaluma urumelia Tindale, 1922 by original designation.
• Microscena Tite, G.E. 1963. A revision of the genus Candalides and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 14(5): 197-259 4 pls [219].

  Type species:

   Lycaena heathi Cox, 1873 by original designation.

 

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Waterhouse, G.A. 1903. Notes on Australian Rhopalocera: Lycaenidae. Part III—Revisional. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 28(1): 132-275, pls 1-3 [175] (for the synonymy of Erina Swainson and Holochila Felder with Candalides Hübner)
• Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1972. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xii 498 pp. 41 pls. [412] (retained all available genera under Candalides except Zetona)
• d'Apice, J.W.C. & Miller, C.G. 1992. The genus Nesolycaena Waterhouse and Turner (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with a description of a new species. Australian Entomological Magazine 19(3): 75-80
• Braby, M.F. 2000. The Butterflies of Australia, their identification, biology and distribution. Melbourne : CSIRO Publishing xx 976 pp.
• Braby, M.F., Espeland, M., Müller, C.J., Eastwood, R., Lohman, D.J., Kawahara, A.Y., Maunsell, S.C., Pierce, N.E. 2020. Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Candalidini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): systematics, diversification and evolutionary history. Systematic Entomology 45: 703-722

 

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IBRA and IMCRA regions

drainage basins and coastal and oceanic zones

IBRA

ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas, Vic, WA: Australian Alps (AA), Arnhem Coast (ARC), Arnhem Plateau (ARP), Avon Wheatbelt (AW), Brigalow Belt North (BBN), Brigalow Belt South (BBS), Ben Lomond (BEL), Broken Hill Complex (BHC), Burt Plain (BRT), Central Arnhem (CA), Carnarvon (CAR), Channel Country (CHC), Central Kimberley (CK), Central Mackay Coast (CMC), Coolgardie (COO), Cobar Peneplain (CP), Central Ranges (CR), Cape York Peninsula (CYP), Daly Basin (DAB), Darwin Coastal (DAC), Desert Uplands (DEU), Dampierland (DL), Darling Riverine Plains (DRP), Einasleigh Uplands (EIU), Esperance Plains (ESP), Eyre Yorke Block (EYB), Finke (FIN), Flinders Lofty Block (FLB), Flinders (FLI), Gascoyne (GAS), Gawler (GAW), Gibson Desert (GD), Gulf Fall and Uplands (GFU), Geraldton Sandplains (GS), Great Sandy Desert (GSD), Gulf Coastal (GUC), Gulf Plains (GUP), Great Victoria Desert (GVD), Hampton (HAM), Jarrah Forest (JF), Kanmantoo (KAN), King (KIN), Little Sandy Desert (LSD), MacDonnell Ranges (MAC), Mallee (MAL), Murray Darling Depression (MDD), Mitchell Grass Downs (MGD), Mount Isa Inlier (MII), Mulga Lands (ML), Murchison (MUR), Nandewar (NAN), Naracoorte Coastal Plain (NCP), New England Tablelands (NET), Northern Kimberley (NK), NSW North Coast (NNC), NSW South Western Slopes (NSS), Nullarbor (NUL), Ord Victoria Plain (OVP), Pine Creek (PCK), Pilbara (PIL), Riverina (RIV), Sydney Basin (SB), South East Coastal Plain (SCP), South East Corner (SEC), South Eastern Highlands (SEH), South Eastern Queensland (SEQ), Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields (SSD), Stony Plains (STP), Swan Coastal Plain (SWA), Tanami (TAN), Tasmanian Central Highlands (TCH), Tiwi Cobourg (TIW), Tasmanian Northern Midlands (TNM), Tasmanian Northern Slopes (TNS), Tasmanian South East (TSE), Tasmanian Southern Ranges (TSR), Tasmanian West (TWE), Victoria Bonaparte (VB), Victorian Midlands (VM), Victorian Volcanic Plain (VVP), Warren (WAR), Wet Tropics (WT), Yalgoo (YAL) ; Qld: Davenport Murchison Ranges (DMR), Sturt Plateau (STU)

Original AFD Distribution Data

Australian Region

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
  • New South Wales: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Northern Territory: Lake Eyre basin, N Gulf, N coastal
  • Queensland: Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, N Gulf, NE coastal
  • South Australia: Lake Eyre basin, Murray-Darling basin, S Gulfs, SE coastal, W plateau
  • Tasmania
  • Victoria: Murray-Darling basin, SE coastal
  • Western Australia: N coastal, NW coastal, SW coastal, W plateau
• East Timor
• Indonesia
  • Aru Islands
  • Irian Jaya
  • West Timor
• Papua New Guinea

General References

Common, I.F.B. & Waterhouse, D.F. 1981. Butterflies of Australia. Sydney : Angus & Robertson xiv 682 pp. 49 pls. [526]

Eliot, J.N. 1973. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 28(6): 371-505 [442]

Parsons, M.J. 1998. The Butterflies of Papua New Guinea; their systematics and biology. San Diego : Academic Press 736 pp. [416]

Tite, G.E. 1963. A revision of the genus Candalides and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 14(5): 197-259 4 pls [199-259] (for a revision of Candalides)

Waterhouse, G.A. 1928. Notes on Australian Lycaenidae. Part VI. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 53: 401-412, pl. 25 [401]

Waterhouse, G.A. & Lyell, G. 1914. The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time. Sydney : Angus & Robertson 239 pp. 38 pls + 3 unnumbered colour pls. [Date published 25 July 1914] [75] (as Nesolycaena)

 

History of changes

Published	As part of group	Action Date	Action Type	Compiler(s)
26-Feb-2021	PAPILIONOIDEA	29-Dec-2020	MODIFIED	Dr Michael Braby
05-Mar-2013		05-Mar-2013	MODIFIED
30-Mar-2012		30-Mar-2012	MODIFIED
28-Mar-2012		28-Mar-2012	MODIFIED
		12-Feb-2010	(import)