Genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866

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Genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, 1866

Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti, A. 1866. Come certe cocciniglie sieno cagione di alcune melate delle piante, e di alcune ruggini; e come la cocciniglia del fico dia in abbondanza una specie di cera. Atti della Reale Accademia dei Georgofili ns 13: 115-137; App. 138-146 [146].
Type species:
Coccus vitis Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.
Calittico Costa, A. 1844. Descrizione di una novelle specie di cocciniglia del genere Calittico, Cos. che vive sopra il Mesembrianthemum acinaciforme. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, Napoli 22: 273-276 [273] [Costa (1844) presented observations on a soft scale insect, which he found on Mesembryanthemum acanaciforme at Posilipo Beach near Napoli, to which he referred as Calittico sp. Signoret, V. 1869. Quelques observations sur les cochenilles connues sous le nom de Pou à poche blanche qui ravagent les plantations de cannes à sucre à l'Ile Maurice et à l'Ile de la Réunion. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 4 9: 93–96 (861) named the species Calypticus mesembrianthemi Costa. Although Calittico antedated Pulvinariella it was regarded by Ben-Dov (1993) as an objective synonym of Pulvinariella, which is a subjective synonym of Pulvinaria].
Type species:
Calittico mesembrianthemi Costa, 1844 by subsequent designation, see Ben-Dov, Y. 1993. A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with Data on Geographical Distribution, Host Plants, Biology and Economic Importance. Flora & Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Gainesville, FL : Sandhill Crane Press 536 pp. [290].
Secondary source:
Signoret, V. 1869. Quelques observations sur les cochenilles connues sous le nom de Pou à poche blanche qui ravagent les plantations de cannes à sucre à l'Ile Maurice et à l'Ile de la Réunion. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 4 9: 93-96.
Chloropulvinaria Borchsenius, N.S. 1952. New genera and species of soft scales of the family Coccidae (=Lecaniidae) of the USSR fauna and adjacent countries (Insecta, Homoptera, Coccoidea). Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 12: 269-316 [299].
Type species:
Coccus floccifera Westwood, 1870 by original designation.
Eupulvinaria Borchsenius, N.S. 1953. New genera and species of scale insects of the family Coccidae (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie (English translation as Entomological Reviews) 33: 281-290 [288].
Type species:
Eupulvinaria peregrina Borchsenius, 1953 by original designation.
Saccharipulvinaria Tao, C.C.C., Wong, C.Y. & Chang, Y.C. 1983. Monograph of Coccidae of Taiwan, Republic of China (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of the Taiwan Museum 36: 57-107 [85] [the genus Saccharipulvinaria Tao, Wong & Chang, 1983, was established with Pulvinaria iceryi Signoret as the type species. However, their illustration of the type species is clearly not P. iceryi, but of P. elongata Newstead (see Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1990. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 267 pp.; Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp.). Until the exact status of Saccharipulvinaria will be evaluated, within a complete revision of the grass-inhabiting group of Pulvinariini species, the genus is here regarded a subjective synonym of Pulvinaria].
Type species:
Coccus iceryi Signoret, 1869 by original designation.
Secondary source:
Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. 1990. The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Pt. 3: The soft scales (Coccidae) and other families. London : CAB International Institute of Entomology 267 pp.; Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

Borchsenius, N.S. 1980. *** Reference not found. ***. [260] (Eupulvinaria Borchsenius, 1953 as a subgenus of Pulvinaria)
Ben-Dov, Y. 1993. A Systematic Catalogue of the Soft Scale Insects of the World (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) with Data on Geographical Distribution, Host Plants, Biology and Economic Importance. Flora & Fauna Handbook, No. 9. Gainesville, FL : Sandhill Crane Press 536 pp. [63] (synonymy of Chloropulvinaria Borchsenius, 1952)

Distribution

States

Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Other Regions

Christmas Island terrestrial & freshwater

ID Keys

(Jansen, M.G.M., 2000) [2-3] (female; Netherlands); (Granara de Willink, M.C., 1999) [26] (female; Argentina); (Kosztarab, M., 1996) [375] (female; northeastern North America); (Qin, T.K. & Gullan, P.J., 1992) [(female; Australia); (Tang, F.T., 1991) [225-226, 234, 252] (female; China)

GENERAL

Good definition and charactesr by Borchsenius, N.S. 1957. Subtribe mealybugs and scales (Coccoidea). Soft scale insects Coccidae. Vol. IX. Fauna SSSR. Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR ns 66: 1–493, Kosztarab, M. & Kozár, F. 1988. Scale Insects of Central Europe. Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado 456 pp., Hodgson, C.J. 1994. The scale insect family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. Wallingford, Oxon, UK : CAB International Institute of Entomology 639 pp., Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Martinsburg, Virginia : Virginia Museum of Natural History 650 pp. and by Granara de Willink, M.C. 1999. [Soft scale insects of Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae)] Las cochinillas blandas de la República Argentina (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3(1): 1–183.