History of changes

Diagnosis

‘Sclerosponges’ with a massive calcareous skeleton by which the animals are attached to the substratum. Living tissue coating the outermost layer of the basal skeleton and containing siliceous spiculation of tylostyles as megascleres, points outward, and common, relatively large streptasters.

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA
(1) Basal skeleton composed of calcite, with vertical tabulate pseudocalicles; siliceous microscleres include
spirasters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acanthochaetetes
Basal skeleton composed of aragonite, with perpendicular pillar-shaped processes; siliceous microscleres are
exclusively diplasters --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Willardia

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Family Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970. pp. 275-278 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [275]

General References

Reitner, J. & Engeser, T. 1983. Contributions to the systematics and palaeoecology of the family Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970 (order Tabulospongida, class Sclerospongiae). Geobios 16: 773-779

History of changes

• Acanthochaetetes Fischer, J.C. 1970. Revision et essai de classification des Chaetetida (Cnidaria) post-paléoseiques. Annales de Paléontologie Invertébrés 56: 149-233 [151].

  Type species:

   Acanthochaetetes seunesi Fischer, 1970 by original designation.
• Tabulospongia Mori, K. 1976. A new Recent sclerosponge from Ngargol, Palau Islands and its fossil relatives. Science Report of the Tohôku University 2 46(1): 1-9 [2].

  Type species:

   Tabulospongia horiguchii Mori, 1976 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hartman, W.D. & Goreau, T.F. 1970. Jamaican coralline sponges: their morphology, ecology and fossil relatives. In The biology of the Porifera. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 25: 205-243 [2]
• Rützler, K. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Family Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970. pp. 275-278 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Widely distributed from the Red Sea, W Indian Ocean, to French Polynesia, E Pacific .

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Diagnosis

(Combining information from fossil and Recent material). Sponge has a basal calcite skeleton composed of contiguous vertical, tabulate calicles with lamellar microstructure and covered at the lower surface by an epitheca with concentric growth lines. The inner walls of the calicles are ornamented by vertical rows or clumps of spines. Growth occurs by intramural budding. Living tissue is restricted to a thin surface layer and to the lumen of the outermost tabulae and contains a siliceous spiculation of megascleres in the choanosome and common, relatively large microscleres condensed in the ectosome. Exhalant canals converging upon the slightly elevated oscula create a star-like pattern that is also impressed into the surface of the calcitic calicles and is termed astrorhizae. Spicules consist of tylostylote megascleres, points directed outward, and spiraster-like microscleres.

ID Keys

See Family Acanthochaetetidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. & Vacelet, J. 2002. Family Acanthochaetetidae Fischer, 1970. pp. 275-278 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [277]

General References

Reitner, J., Woerheide, G., Lange, R. & Thiel, V. 1997. Biomineralization of calcified skeletons in three Pacific coralline demosponges—an approach to the evolution of basal skeletons. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 201: 371-383 [371]

Reitner, J., Woerheide, G., Thiel, V. & Gautret, P. 1996. Reef caves and cryptic habitats of Indo-Pacific Reefs — distribution patterns of coralline sponges and microbialites. In Reitner, J., Neuweiler, F. & Gunkel, F. (eds) Global and regional Controls on Biogenic Sedimentation. 1. Reef evolution. Research Reports. Goettinger Arb. Geol. Palaeontol., Sb2 (Goettingen). 91-100 pp. [91]

Woerheide, G., Reitner, J. & Gautret, P. 1996. Biocalcification processes in three coralline sponges from the Lizard Island Section (Great Barrier Reef, Australia): the Stromatoporoid Astrosclera, the Chaetitid Spirastrella (Acanthochaetetes) and the Sphinctozoid Vaceletia (Demospongiae). In Reitner, J., Neuweiler, F. & Gunkel, F. (eds) Global and regional Controls on Biogenic Sedimentation. 1. Reef evolution. Research Reports. Goettinger Arb. Geol. Palaeontol., Sb2 (Goettingen). 149-153 pp. [149]

History of changes

• Acanthochaetetes wellsi Hartman, W.D. & Goreau, T.F. 1970. Jamaican coralline sponges: their morphology, ecology and fossil relatives. In The biology of the Porifera. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 25: 205-243 [2].

  Type data:

   Holotype YPM 9077 wet (several paratypes (numbers unknown) in NMNH Washington, BMNH London, MNHN Paris and YPM), Cave, Anae Island, Guam, 7-9m depth [no coords available].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Coral Sea, QLD; extends from the Red Sea, W Indian Ocean, to French Polynesia, E Pacific.

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, coral reef, filter-feeder, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Cryptic in shallow water coral caves, very dim light, to deeper coral reef waters.

General References

Reitner, J., Woerheide, G., Lange, R. & Thiel, V. 1997. Biomineralization of calcified skeletons in three Pacific coralline demosponges—an approach to the evolution of basal skeletons. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 201: 371-383 [371]

Reitner, J., Woerheide, G., Thiel, V. & Gautret, P. 1996. Reef caves and cryptic habitats of Indo-Pacific Reefs — distribution patterns of coralline sponges and microbialites. In Reitner, J., Neuweiler, F. & Gunkel, F. (eds) Global and regional Controls on Biogenic Sedimentation. 1. Reef evolution. Research Reports. Goettinger Arb. Geol. Palaeontol., Sb2 (Goettingen). 91-100 pp. [91]

Thiel, V., Blumenberg, M., Hefter, J., Pape, T., Pomponi, S.A., Reed, J., Reitner, J., Wörheide, G. & Michaelis, W. 2002. A chemical view on the most ancestral metazoa - biomarker chemotaxonomy of hexactinellid sponges. Naturwissenschaften 89: 60-66 [61]

Woerheide, G., Reitner, J. & Gautret, P. 1996. Biocalcification processes in three coralline sponges from the Lizard Island Section (Great Barrier Reef, Australia): the Stromatoporoid Astrosclera, the Chaetitid Spirastrella (Acanthochaetetes) and the Sphinctozoid Vaceletia (Demospongiae). In Reitner, J., Neuweiler, F. & Gunkel, F. (eds) Global and regional Controls on Biogenic Sedimentation. 1. Reef evolution. Research Reports. Goettinger Arb. Geol. Palaeontol., Sb2 (Goettingen). 149-153 pp. [149]

History of changes

• Clionaidae Bouchet, P. & Rützler, K. 2006. Case 3211. Clionidae d'Orbigny, 1851 (Porifera, Hadromerida): emended to Clionaidae to remove homonymy with Clionidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Mollusca, Pteropoda). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 63(1): 51-53 [emendation of Clionidae d'Orbigny, 1851].
• Clionidae d'Orbigny, A.C.V.D. [1849-1852] 1851. Cours élémentaire de paléontologie et de géologie stratigraphiques. Paris : Victor Masson. 2 vols, 2 parts in volume 2; atlas pls 1-17. [preoccupied by Clionidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Gastropoda)].
• Clioniadae Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [lapsus].
• Spirastrellidae Ridley, S.O. & Dendy, A. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 325-351, 470-493 [490].

Diagnosis

Hadromerida with limestone-excavating capability, having tylostyles as principal megascleres, in some genera accompanied by oxeas or styloid modifications. Microscleres may be absent entirely or in some specimens or populations. If present, they include spirasters, amphiasters, microxeas, microrhabds, or raphides; some spirasters display secondary branching of spines, microrhabds may be smooth or microspined, straight, bent, or spiral.

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA
(1) Sponges excavating chambers in limestone substrates, with ostial and oscular papillae remaining at the surface (alpha stage), or forming continuous encrustations (beta stage), or masses (gamma stage) that grow beyond the original substrate piece; without specialized aquiferous structures except, in some species, the original papillae --- 2
Sponges massive, without endolithic chambering in the adults, with specialized aquiferous morphology -------------- 7

(2) Spicules include oxeas --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Spicules do not include oxeas ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

(3) Oxeas are spiny microxeas, located in the chambers (criss-cross fashion), and are accompanied by straight or sinuous spiny microrhabds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pione
Oxeas are smooth and form a palisade in the papillae ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4

(4) Spiculation is restricted to tylostyles and oxeas, no microscleres ----------------------------------------------- Volzia
Spiculation includes spirasters in addition to tylostyles and oxeas ------------------------------------------- Clionaopsis

(5) Microscleres are raphides or spirasters, or missing altogether; spirasters may include diplastrose modifications or have lost spines entirely (sinuous microstrongyles) ------------------------------------------------------------------- Cliona
Microscleres are amphiasters or euasters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

(6) Microscleres are two types of amphiasters: stout, smooth, nodulose, and thin-rayed with terminal branching ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cliothosa
Microscleres are microspined amphiasters and smooth, thin-rayed oxyasters ----------------------------------- Thoosa

(7) Sponges irregularly massive, with cribiporal chones and simple but often multiple oscula ------ Spheciospongia
Sponges form large, branched, antler-like inhalant fistules and amorphous endopsammic masses with
exhalant stolons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cervicornia

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [173]

General References

Bavestrello, G., Calcinai, B., Cerrano, C., Sarà, M. 1997. Alectona species from north-western Pacific (Demospongiae: Clionidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78(1): 59-73

Bergquist, P.R. 1978. Sponges. London : Hutchinson 268 pp. 12 pls 81 figs 15 tables.

Brien, P., Lévi, C., Sarà, M., Tuzet, O. & Vacelet, J. 1973. Spongiaires. pp. 1-716 485 figs in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Paris : Masson et Cie Vol. 3(1).

Hartman, W.D. 1982. Porifera. pp. 640-666 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw-Hill Vol. 1.

Hofman, C.C. & Kielman, M. 1992. The excavating sponges of the Santa Marta area, Colombia, with description of a new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 61(4): 205-217

Risk, M.J., Samarco, P.W., Edinger, E.N. 1995. Bioerosion in Acropora across the continental shelf of the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 14: 79-86

Rosell, D. & Uriz, M.J. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships within the excavating Hadromerida (Porifera), with a systematic revision. Cladistics 13: 349-366

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1.

Rützler, K. & Stone, S.M. 1986. Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99(4): 658-675

History of changes

• Cervicornia Rützler, K. & Hooper, J. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Demospongea). Zoosystema 22(2): 337-344 [342].

  Type species:

   Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815 by original designation.

Diagnosis

Clionaid sponges with large, smooth, inhalant fistulas protruding from the substratum and buried (endopsammic) choanosomal pulp. Exhalant stolons end underground. No alpha or beta stages are known. With large tylostyles arranged in dense tracts in the fistulas, without orientation in the choanosome. Small and rare spirasters and amphiasters located in ectosome and canal linings.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [174]

History of changes

• Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1815. Suites des polypiers empâtés. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 1: 162-168, 331-340 [168] [holotype described in Topsent, E. 1933. Eponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Arch. Mus. Natl Hist. Nat. Paris 6 10: 1–60 5 figs pls 1–3 (41, fig. 4, pl. 2 fig. 4); Australian records doubtful on the basis of excessive synonymy in Burton, M. 1959. Sponges. Science Reports of the John Murray Expedition 10: 151–281 41 figs (208)].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHP LBIM DT 652 wet, unknown (possibly 'ex Dutch East Indies', now Indonesia).

Generic Combinations

• Cervicornia cuspidifera (Lamarck, 1814). —
  Rützler, K. & Hooper, J. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Demospongea). Zoosystema 22(2): 337-344 [343]

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Unknown. Possibly southern Australian

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Cliona Grant, R.E. 1826. Notice of a new zoophyte (Cliona celata, Gr.) from the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 1: 78-81 [78].

  Type species:

   Cliona celata Grant, 1826 by monotypy.
• Papillina Schmidt, E.O. 1862. Die Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig : Engelmann 88 pp. 7 pls. [68] [junior homonym of Papillina Conrad, 1855 (Mollusca), Papillina Moquin-Tandon, 1855, (Mollusca)].

  Type species:

   Cliona celata Grant, 1826 by monotypy (as Papillina suberea Schmidt, 1862).
• Raphyrus Bowerbank, J.S. 1862. On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part III. On the generic characters, the specific characters, and on the method of examination. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 152: 1087-1135 pls 72-74 [1091].

  Type species:

   Raphyrus griffithsi Bowerbank, 1862 by monotypy.
• Myle Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [525].

  Type species:

   Cliona carpenteri Hancock, 1867 by monotypy.
• Idomon Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [526].

  Type species:

   Cliona alderi Hancock, 1867 by monotypy.
• Pronax Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [526].

  Type species:

   Cliona lobata Hancock, 1867 by monotypy.
• Sapline Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [526].

  Type species:

   Vioa granti Schmidt, 1862 by monotypy.
• Osculina Schmidt, E.O. 1868. Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig : Engelmann 44 pp. 5 pls. [2].

  Type species:

   Osculina polystomella Schmidt, 1868 by monotypy.
• Papillella Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1885. Porifera. In Bronn, H.G. Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs 2: 177-368 pls 19-25 [350] [nom. nov. for Papillina Schmidt, 1862].
• Papillissa Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [64].

  Type species:

   Papillissa lutea Lendenfeld, 1888 by monotypy.
• Euryphylle Duchassaing, F.P. de & Michelotti, G. 1864. Spongiaires de la mer Caraïbe. Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Bataafsche Hollandsche Maatschappye der Wetenschappen te Haarlem 2 21: 1-124 pls 1-25 [1] [type species unknown?].
• Dyscliona Kirkpatrick, R. 1900. Description of sponges from Funafuti. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 6: 345-362 pls 13-15 [352].

  Type species:

   Discliona davidi Kirkpatrick, 1900 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1932. [1932–1935]. The sponges of the Bay of Naples. Porifera Incalcaria. In Vosmaer-Röell, C.S. & Burton, M. (eds) Vol. 1 (1932–3), issued in 5 parts. Capita Zoologica 3: 1–456 pls 1–35. Vol. 2 (1933–5), issued in 5 parts. Capita Zoologica 5: 457–857 pls 36–71 (pls 43, 55 omitted). Also published separately in 3 vols (2 vols text, 875 pp., and atlas, 69 pls). The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff 1933–35. [331]
• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [131] (for Gapoda de Laubenfels, 1936)
• Rosell, D. & Uriz, M.J. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships within the excavating Hadromerida (Porifera), with a systematic revision. Cladistics 13: 349-366 [361]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cosmopolitan, except Antarctic.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Sponges primarily in alpha growth form (excavating chambers, communicating through papillae), some species developing beta stage by merging of papillae, very few regularly outgrowing their substratum and occurring in gamma stage. Some gammastage species attain large, irregular massive or cup shape but do not develop specialised incurrent or excurrent features other than, in some forms, the original pori- and oscula-bearing papillae. Spicules are tylostyles as megascleres, very thin oxeas (raphides) as accessory scleres but never of structural importance, and spiraster-like microscleres. Spirasters are straight, bent, kinked, spiraled, or undulate spiny rhabds, including amphiastrose forms clearly derived from true spirasters; extreme forms may be entirely smooth.

ID Keys

See Family Clionaidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [176]

History of changes

• Cliona carpenteri Hancock, A. 1867. Note on the excavating sponges, with descriptions of four new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 19: 229-242 pls 7-8 [241].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 4.15.11,12 2 slides of type (coords for Mexico city), Mazatlan, W coast of Mexico [19°25'37"N 99°07'40"W].

  Secondary source:

   Rützler, K. & Stone, S.M. 1986. Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99(4): 658-675 [661].
• Cliona bacillifera Carter, H.J. 1887. Report on the marine sponges, chiefly from King Island in the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr John Anderson. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Zool. 21: 61-84 pls 5-7 [76].

  Type data:

   Holotype IM unknown dry, Kadan Kyun (as King Is.), Mergui Archipelago, Burma [12°37'33"N 98°25'11"E, 12°13'30"N 97°04'04"E, 20°34'36"N 96°37'15"E].

  Secondary source:

   Annandale, N. 1915. Indian boring sponges of the family Clionidae. Records of the Indian Museum 11: 1-24 pl. 1 [8].
• Cliona carpenteri gracilis Hentschel, E. 1909. Tetraxonida. 347-402 pls 22-23 1. Teil. in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 2 (21). [387].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH unknown wet, 3 m, NW of Denham, Shark Bay, WA [25°30'S 113°30'E].
  Paratype(s) ZMB 4496 slide.
• Cliona rhabdophora Hentschel, E. 1914. Monaxone Kieselschwämme und Hornschwämme der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. In Drygalski, E. von (ed.) Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901–1903. 15(Zool. 7):. 35-141 pls 4-8 [46].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) ZMB unknown wet, Cape Verde Ils, Eastern Atlantic [15°01'46"N 23°35'58"W].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Topsent, E. 1891. Deuxième contribution à l'étude des Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 2 9: 555-592 pl. 22 [567]
• Annandale, N. 1915. Indian boring sponges of the family Clionidae. Records of the Indian Museum 11: 1-24 pl. 1 [8]
• Topsent, E. 1932. Note sur les Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 74: 549-579 11 figs [560]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, also amphi-Atlantic (tropical), Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region, central and E Pacific Ocean.

Introduced from probably edible oyster shells.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Common in shells of gastropods and bivalves, rare in corals, depth 1–12 m.

General References

Rützler, K. & Stone, S.M. 1986. Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99(4): 658-675 [661] (redescription)

History of changes

• Vioa carteri Ridley, S.O. 1881. Spongida. In Account of the zoological collections made during the survey of H.M.S. Alert in the Straits of Magellan and on the Coast of Patagonia. XI. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1881: 107-137, 140-141 pls 10-11 [129] [holotype redescribed by Rützler, K. & Bromley, R.G. 1981. Cliona rhodensis, new species (Porifera: Hadromerida) from the Mediterranean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94(4): 1219–1225].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1876.12.27.14 wet, 71 m, Victoria Seamount (20º42´S 37º27´W), South Atlantic off Brazil [20°42´S 37°27´W].

  Secondary source:

   Rützler, K. & Bromley, R.G. 1981. Cliona rhodensis, new species (Porifera: Hadromerida) from the Mediterranean. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94(4): 1219-1225 [1224].
• [Vioa johnstoni] Carter, H.J. 1886. Supplement to the descriptions of Mr. J. Bracebridge Wilson's Australian sponges. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 445-466 pl. 10 [458] [junior secondary homonym of Vioa johnstoni Schmidt, 1862; synonymy with Vioa carteri Ridley doubtful].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.355 dry, Westernport Bay, VIC [38°22'S 145°20'E].
• Pronax carteri Dendy, A. 1897. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 3. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 9: 230-259 [257] [nom. nov. for Vioa johnstoni Carter, 1886].

  Type data:

   Status unknown, BMNH 1886.12.15.355 dry, Westernport Bay, VIC.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Pulitzer-Finali, G. 1982. Some new or little-known sponges from the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Instituti Biologici della Università di Genova 48–49(1980–1982): 87-141 [92]

Distribution

States

Queensland, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Heron Is., Westernport Bay(?), and also SW Atlantic Ocean.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 8–70 m, in dead coral and calcareous algae.

History of changes

• Cliona celata Grant, R.E. 1826. Notice of a new zoophyte (Cliona celata, Gr.) from the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 1: 78-81 [78].

  Type data:

   Holotype UCLZ unknown slides (slides also in BMNH), Frith of Forth, Scotland [56°07'48"N 2°54'00"W].

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Also tropical Indo-Pacific, Indian Ocean, central and N America.

Introduced from [country unknown] via edible oyster shell.

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, filter-feeder, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Excavating on oyster shells; substantial structural damage to oyster shell.

General References

Hartman, W.D. 1958. Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 12: 1-155 pls 1-12 [1]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2000. Bioeroding sponges common to the central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima 30(3/6): 161-221 [174]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge. Coral Reefs 20: 69-76 [69]

Sorokin, S.J., Currie, D.R. & Ward, T.M. 2005. Sponges of the Great Australian Bight Marine Park (Benthic Protection Zone). SARDI Research Report Series Adelaide : SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No RD04/0170 Part 65 pp. 1-92. [14]

Wesche, S.J., Adlard, R.D. & Hooper, J.N.A. 1997. The first incidence of clionid sponges (Porifera) from the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale and Roughley, 1933). Aquaculture 157: 173-180 [177]

History of changes

• Cliona dissimilis Ridley, S.O. & Dendy, A. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 325-351, 470-493 [490].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH unknown wet fragment of type, 51 m, Arafura Sea.
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1887.5.2.192 3 slides 1/101; BMNH 1891.10.3.101 slide 1/101; BMNH unregistered slide 1/101.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (rejects synonymy of this species with British Cliona celata Grant, 1826, from Britain)

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, Arafura Sea, Westernport Bay, also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 0–80 m, euryhaline, eurythermal.

General References

Fromont, J. 2003. Porifera (Sponges) in the Dampier Archipelago: Taxonomic affinities and biogeography. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Marine Biological Workshop. The Marine Flora and Fauna of Dampier, Western Australia. 405-417 pp. [408] (Listed in this article)

Fromont, J., Craig, R., Rawlinson, L. & Alder, J. 2005. Excavating sponges that are destructive to farmed pearl oysters in Western and Northern Australia. Aquaculture Research 38(2): 150-162 [154]

Hartman, W.D. 1958. Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 12: 1-155 pls 1-12

Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [132] (removed from synonymy with Cliona celata Grant, 1826)

Topsent, E. 1900. Etude monographique des Spongiaires de France. III. Monaxonida (Hadromerina). Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 3 8: 1-331 pls 1-8 [32] (synonymy with Cliona celata Grant, 1826)

Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1932. [1932–1935]. The sponges of the Bay of Naples. Porifera Incalcaria. In Vosmaer-Röell, C.S. & Burton, M. (eds) Vol. 1 (1932–3), issued in 5 parts. Capita Zoologica 3: 1–456 pls 1–35. Vol. 2 (1933–5), issued in 5 parts. Capita Zoologica 5: 457–857 pls 36–71 (pls 43, 55 omitted). Also published separately in 3 vols (2 vols text, 875 pp., and atlas, 69 pls). The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff 1933–35. [349, in part]

History of changes

• Raphyrus hixoni Lendenfeld, R. von 1886. Studies on sponges. Part 2. Raphyrus hixonii. A new gigantic sponge from Port Jackson. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 10: 562-568 pls 40-42 [562].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z1489–1491 wet, 5 fragments of type (probably from Z1492 (NMV photos 30/26–28)), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1492 wet (NMV photos 29/25–28), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1449 wet, 2 fragments of type (NMV photos 31/1–3), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM G9176 dry (NMV photos 5/21–24), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.8.27.605 dry (not found, =AM G3643 slide), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; ZMB 1125 5 slides, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; ZMB 2259 slide (as Vioa ), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH '1125' 1/101 unregistered slide, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].
• Papillissa lutea Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [64] [caption of pl. 1 fig. 1, as Papillina panis, erroneous =Cliona (Papillissa) lutea, see Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's ‘Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum’. Part 1. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39: 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM 5 wet specimens in one jar (labels partly detached; two of these may be Whitelegge hypotypes, NMV photos 14/10–13), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1481 wet, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1485 wet, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1488, Z1488b wet, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM G9098 wet, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.8.27.596 wet, lost, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].

  Secondary source:

   Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's 'Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum'. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39(Part 1): 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24 [297].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• van Soest, R. 2011. Pione hixoni (Lendenfeld, 1886). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170504 on 2012-01-13. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170504 (checked on 2012-01-13)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Known only from central and southern east coast; gamma (massive) stage only known.

General References

Hooper, J.N.A. & Kennedy, J.A. 2002. Small-scale patterns of sponge biodiversity (Porifera) on Sunshine Coast reefs, eastern Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 16(4): 637-653 [640] (Listed in this article)

History of changes

• Cliona lesueuri Topsent, E. 1888. Contribution à l'étude des Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 2 5(4): 1-165 pls 1-7 [80].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN unknown wet, locality unknown.

Distribution

States

South Australia, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Bass Strait to Great Australian Bight.

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

In Haliotis excavata Lamarck, with Alectona primitiva Topsent, 1932.

History of changes

• Cliona margaritiferae Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [128].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1907.2.1.29 wet, Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E].
• Cliona margaritiferae johannae Topsent, E. 1932. Note sur les Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 74: 549-579 11 figs [549] [synonymy doubtful].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) MNHN unknown wet (or MZUS), unknown [American west coast, Oregon to Baja California].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [133]

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, also Indian Ocean and possibly E Pacific.

Introduced from edible oyster shell.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Northwest Province (4), Central Western Transition (5)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

In bivalve shells and corals, depth 3–10 m.

History of changes

• Cliona orientalis Thiele, J. 1900. Kieselschwämme von Ternate. I. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 25: 19-80 pls 2-3 [19-80].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB ZMB 3205 specimen and slides, Ternate, Indonesia [0°47'06"N 127°22'12"E].

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, benthic, filter-feeder.

General References

Fromont, J. 2003. Porifera (Sponges) in the Dampier Archipelago: Taxonomic affinities and biogeography. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Marine Biological Workshop. The Marine Flora and Fauna of Dampier, Western Australia. 405-417 pp. [408] (Listed in this article)

Fromont, J., Craig, R., Rawlinson, L. & Alder, J. 2005. Excavating sponges that are destructive to farmed pearl oysters in Western and Northern Australia. Aquaculture Research 38(2): 150-162 [152]

Fromont, J., Vanderklift, M.A. & Kendrick, G.A. 2006. Marine sponges of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia: patterns of species distributions, abundance and diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 15(11): 3731-3750 [3743]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2000. Bioeroding sponges common to the central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima 30(3/6): 161-221 [168]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge. Coral Reefs 20: 69-76 [69] (Listed in this article)

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2003. Substrate effects on the bioeroding demosponge Cliona orientalis. 2. Substrate colonisation and tissue growth. Marine Ecology 24(1): 59-74 [59]

History of changes

• Cliona tinctoria Schönberg, C.H.L. 2000. Bioeroding sponges common to the central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima 30(3/6): 161-221 [164].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM G313368 (coord for Great Palm Island), Cannon Bay, Great Palm Island, Great Barrier Reef [18°44'S 146°40'E].
  Paratype(s) QM G313361 preserved, Cannon Bay, Great Palm Island, Great Barrier Reef.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Australian Endemic.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, benthic, filter-feeder.

General References

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge. Coral Reefs 20: 69-76 [69]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. New mechanisms in demosponge spicule formation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81: 345-346 [345]

History of changes

• Cliothosa Topsent, E. 1905. Cliothosa seurati, clionide nouvelle des Iles Gambier. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris [published 1907-1971] 2: 94-96 [95].

  Type species:

   Thoosa hancocki Topsent, 1888 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Probably cosmopolitan, but so far only 3 species recognised.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Diagnosis

Excavating sponges of alpha growth form with large tylostyles and generally two types of amphiasters as microscleres: stout, nodulose in the papillae and delicate thin-rayed with terminal branching of the slender rays, in the chambers. The nodulous amphiasters may be absent in some specimens or species (Topsent 1928b; Rützler 1973). On the other hand, a third kind, a very small diplaster has been reported to occur in the papillae (Volz 1939).

ID Keys

See Family Clionaidae.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [179]

History of changes

• Spirastrella aurivillii Lindgren, N.G. 1897. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Spongienfauna des Malaiischen Archipels und der Chinesischen Meere. Zoologischer Anzeiger 20: 480-487 [484] [includes var. libera and excavans].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) NHRM 2 specimens var. libera, two specimens of var. excavans (depository uncertain), Mendanau (W of Belitung, on sandy beach), Gaspar Strait (Selat Kelasa), Java Sea, Indonesia [3°50'39"S 137°40'49"E (only coords available for Indonesia)]; BMNH 1929.11.26.43–45 2 slides (var. libera 2/18), Mendanau (W of Belitung, on sandy beach), Gaspar Strait (Selat Kelasa), Java Sea, Indonesia; BMNH 1929.11.26.38–44 2 slides (var. excavans 2/18), Mendanau (W of Belitung, on sandy beach), Gaspar Strait (Selat Kelasa), Java Sea, Indonesia.

Generic Combinations

• Cliothosa aurivillii (Lindgren, 1897). —
  Rosell, D. & Uriz, M.J. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships within the excavating Hadromerida (Porifera), with a systematic revision. Cladistics 13: 349-366 [349]
  van Soest, R. 2011. Cliothosa aurivillii (Lindgren, 1897). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170491 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170491 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Low Isles, Great Barrier Reef; also Indo-Malayan region and W Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 0.6–23 m.

History of changes

• Thoosa hancocki Topsent, E. 1888. Contribution à l'étude des clionides. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 2 5(supplement): 1-165 [1].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN unknown wet, Gambier Islands [35°09'14"S 136°28'26"E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Also N Atlantic - Mediterranean.

Introduced from possibly introduced in coral or oyster shell.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, filter-feeder, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Excavating Acropora and Porites coral.

General References

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2000. Bioeroding sponges common to the central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima 30(3/6): 161-221 [179]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge. Coral Reefs 20: 69-76 [69]

History of changes

• Pione Gray, J.E. 1867. Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the description of some new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 492-558 pls 27-28 [525].

  Type species:

   Cliona northumbrica Hancock, 1849 by monotypy.
• Archaeocliona Czerniavsky, V. 1880. Littoral sponges of the Black and Caspian Seas. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 54(2): 243 [243].

  Type species:

   Cliona labrynthica Hancock, 1849 by original designation.
• Gapoda Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [144].

  Type species:

   Raphyrus hixoni Lendenfeld, 1886 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Moreton Bay, QLD; probably cosmopolitan.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Diagnosis

Sponges in alpha- and beta-forms. Delicate tylostyes as megascleres, accompanied by microspined (rarely smooth) microxea and microspined microrhabds as microscleres. Microrhabds are usually straight or bent but may also be centrotylote and sinuose. Microxeas do not have a particular location or orientation in the tissue.

ID Keys

See Family Clionaidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [180]

History of changes

• Pione caesia Schönberg, C.H.L. 2000. Bioeroding sponges common to the central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana Maritima 30(3/6): 161-221 [177].

  Type data:

   Holotype QM G317004 preserved specimens, Little Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island [18°37'S 146°30'E].
  Paratype(s) QM G313360 preserved, Little Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island [18°37'S 146°30'E]; QM G313362 preserved, Little Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef [18°37'S 146°30'E]; QM G313373 preserved, Little Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Great Barrier Reef [18°37'S 146°30'E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, benthic, filter-feeder.

General References

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge. Coral Reefs 20: 69-76 [69]

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. New mechanisms in demosponge spicule formation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81: 345-346 [345]

History of changes

• Cliona vastifica Hancock, A. 1849. On the excavating powers of certain sponges belonging to the genus Cliona, with descriptions of several new species, and an allied generic form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2 3: 321-348 pls 12-15 [237].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) HMNT 4.16.36-39 slides, Firth of Forth, Scotland [56°07'48"N 2°54'00"W].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

NE Atlantic, Caribbean, Mediterranean, central west Pacific, W Indian Ocean.

Introduced from [country unknown] via shells of edible oysters.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Benthic, filter-feeder, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Excavates shells of edible oysters, producing substantial structural damage to shell.

General References

Hartman, W.D. 1958. Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 12: 1-155 pls 1-12 [21]

Rützler, K. & Stone, S.M. 1986. Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99(4): 658-675 [667] (redescription of species from type material)

Schönberg, C.H.L. 2001. Induced colonization of corals by a clionid bioeroding sponge. Coral Reefs 20: 69-76 [69]

Wesche, S.J., Adlard, R.D. & Hooper, J.N.A. 1997. The first incidence of clionid sponges (Porifera) from the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale and Roughley, 1933). Aquaculture 157: 173-180 (listed in this article)

History of changes

• Cliona velans Hentschel, E. 1909. Tetraxonida. 347-402 pls 22-23 1. Teil. in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 2 (21). [388].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH unknown wet, 9 m, entrance to South Passage, Shark Bay, WA [25°30'S 113°30'E].
  Paratype(s) ZMH 1477 wet; BMNH unregistered 2 slides (ex ZMH 1477, 1/102).

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (rejects synonymy of this species with Cliona vastifica Hancock, 1849, from Scotland, and Cliona concharum Thiele, 1898, from Japan)

Generic Combinations

• Pione velans (Hentschel, 1909). —
  Fromont, J., Craig, R., Rawlinson, L. & Alder, J. 2005. Excavating sponges that are destructive to farmed pearl oysters in Western and Northern Australia. Aquaculture Research 38(2): 150-162 [156]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Tasmania, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Maria Is., Albany, Shark Bay, west and north coast of WA pearl oyster farms; also Arctic, amphi-Atlantic (Europe, N America, West Indian region), Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Japan, W and central Pacific Ocean.

Introduced from [country unknown] probably transported via pearl and/or edible oyster shell.

IMCRA

Northwest Shelf Transition (26), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Euryhaline, eurythermal, depth 0–600 m.

General References

Fromont, J. 2003. Porifera (Sponges) in the Dampier Archipelago: Taxonomic affinities and biogeography. Proceedings of the Twelfth International Marine Biological Workshop. The Marine Flora and Fauna of Dampier, Western Australia. 405-417 pp. [408] (Listed as 'Pione' velans)

Fromont, J., Craig, R., Rawlinson, L. & Alder, J. 2005. Excavating sponges that are destructive to farmed pearl oysters in Western and Northern Australia. Aquaculture Research 38(2): 150-162 [156]

Hartman, W.D. 1958. Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 12: 1-155 pls 1-12 [107, 124]

Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [133] (removed from synonymy with Cliona vastifica Hancock, 1849)

Pomponi, S.A. 1979. Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the etching area of boring sponges. pp. 317–323 in Lévi, C. & Boury-Esnault, N. (eds) Biologie des Spongiaires/Sponge biology. Colloques Int. Cent. Natl Rech. Scient. Vol. 291.

Rützler, K. & Stone, S.M. 1986. Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 99(4): 658-675 [667]

Thiele, J. 1898. Studien über pazifische Spongien. I. Zoologica (New York) 24: 1-72 pls 1-8 [42, pl. 8 fig. 16] (description of Cliona concharum]; Topsent, E. 1900. Etude monographique des Spongiaires de France. III. Monaxonida (Hadromerina). Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 3 8: 1–331 pls 1–8 [56] (synonymy of Cliona concharum Thiele, 1898 with Cliona vastifica Hancock, 1849)

Topsent, E. 1932. Note sur les Clionides. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 74: 549-579 11 figs [561] (synonymy between Cliona vastifica Hancock, 1849 and Cliona velans Hentschel, 1909)

Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1932. [1932–1935]. The sponges of the Bay of Naples. Porifera Incalcaria. In Vosmaer-Röell, C.S. & Burton, M. (eds) Vol. 1 (1932–3), issued in 5 parts. Capita Zoologica 3: 1–456 pls 1–35. Vol. 2 (1933–5), issued in 5 parts. Capita Zoologica 5: 457–857 pls 36–71 (pls 43, 55 omitted). Also published separately in 3 vols (2 vols text, 875 pp., and atlas, 69 pls). The Hague : Martinus Nijhoff 1933–35. [402 in part] (synonymy of Cliona concharum Thiele, 1898 with Cliona vastifica Hancock, 1849, not Cliona margaritiferae Dendy, 1905)

History of changes

• Paracordyla Hallmann, E.F. 1912. Report on the sponges obtained by the F.I.S. Endeavour on the coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, 1909–10. Part 1. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2: 117-300 69 figs pls 21-36 [132].

  Type species:

   Paracordyla lignea Hallmann, 1912 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

New South Wales

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Diagnosis

Massive (gamma) growth form, with oxea megascleres in two size classes, the larger forming a compact choanosomal skeleton, the smaller forming an ectosomal palisade, and with an intermediate category of oxeas (or occasionally modified styles) forming a sparse paratangential subectosomal skeleton that protrudes through the surface. Microscleres are minute amphiasters (diplaster-like), and granulated centro-angulate microstrongyles.

ID Keys

See Family Alectonidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Alectonidae Rosell, 1996. pp. 281-290 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [286]

History of changes

• Paracordyla lignea Hallmann, E.F. 1912. Report on the sponges obtained by the F.I.S. Endeavour on the coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, 1909–10. Part 1. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2: 117-300 69 figs pls 21-36 [132].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM Z194 dry fragment of type (NMV photos 4/27,28), 64–73 m, 8 mls E of Sandon Bluffs, NSW [29°41'S 153°28'E].
  Paratype(s) AM E1374 wet fragment of type (NMV photos 31/16,17).

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 63–72 m.

History of changes

• Spheciospongia Marshall, W. 1892. Spongiologische Beiträge. Festschrift zur 70. Wiederkehr des Geburtstages von Rudolf Leuckart. Leipzig : C.F. Winter 36 pp. 8 pls. [32].

  Type species:

   Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815 by original designation.

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Christmas Island Province (23), Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Tasmanian Shelf Province (36), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Diagnosis

Large-growing sponges with cribiporal chones (pore sieves) and simple, multiple, or septate oscula. In the ectosome, numerous robust tylostyles forming a dense tangental network and rare, minute spirasters and spiraster-derived amphiasters; the latter are also located in the canal linings. In the choanosome, tylostyles occur densely scattered and in strands. Tylostyles may be modified to styles, tylostrongyles, and strongyles. Sponges excavate limestone in early growth stage, forming large, tissuefilled cavities, not a series of distinct chambers as do other
clionaids.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny, 1851. pp. 173-185 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [181]

History of changes

• Suberites wilsoni albidus Carter, H.J. 1886. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 17: 40-53, 112-127 [116].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.256 (NMV photo 40/6), Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia albida (Carter, 1886). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia albida (Carter, 1886). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170526 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170526 [cited on 2012-01-10] (cited on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Spirastrella alcyonoides Hallmann, E.F. 1912. Report on the sponges obtained by the F.I.S. Endeavour on the coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, 1909–10. Part 1. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2: 117-300 69 figs pls 21-36 [124].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z213 dry (NMV photo 1/10), 60 m, 40 km SE of Double Island Point, QLD [26°11'S 153°28'E]; AM E1534 figured wet (NMV photo 29/35), 60 m, 40 km SE of Double Island Point, QLD [26°11'S 153°28'E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia alcyonoides (Hallmann, 1912). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia alcyonoides (Hallmann, 1912). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170527 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170527 (checked on 2012-01-10. 2011)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 59 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella areolata Dendy, A. 1897. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 3. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 9: 230-259 [255] [lectotype figured in Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1911. The Porifera of the Siboga-Expedition. II. The genus Spirastrella. In Weber, M.W.C. (ed.). Siboga-Expéditie, Monogr. 6A: 1–69 pls 1–14, pl. 3 fig. 4].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1907.8.7.3 dry (=AM G2720 slide), 36 m, outside Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paralectotype(s) NMV G2290 (=RN 1187); BMNH 1902.10.18.471 slide of above; BMNH 1902.10.18.470 slide only (=RN 479).

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [100].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia areolata (Dendy, 1897). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia areolata (Dendy, 1897). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170528 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170528 (checked on 2012-01-10. 2011)

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 36 m.

General References

Roberts, D.E., Cummins, S.P., Davis, A.R. & Pangway, C. 1999. Evidence for symbiotic algae in sponges from temperate coastal reefs in New South Wales, Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 493-498 [495] (Listed in this article)

History of changes

• Spirastrella australis Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [57].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM G8621 wet (NMV photo 30/12), Port Jackson, NSW [36°29'31"S 175°20'16"E]; AM G8617 wet (NMV photo 30/12); AM G9099 wet (NMV photo 30/10,11); AM Z1493 wet (NMV photo 30/8,9); AM 6 unregistered fragments (of types?) wet (from 1493?, NMV photo 30/13); BMNH 1886.8.27.530 wet (as Cliona, =AM G3382 slide)); ZMB 7076 1 slide, Port Jackson [36°29'31"S 175°20'16"E]; BMNH unregistered slide ex AM 2/18.

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia australis (Lendenfeld, 1888). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia australis (Lendenfeld, 1888). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170529 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170529 (checked on 2012-01-10.)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Spirastrella carnosa Topsent, E. 1897. Spongiaires de la Baie d'Amboine. (Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'archipel Malais.). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 4: 421-487 pls 18-21 [441].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) GMNH C-12/19, Ambon, Moluccas, Indonesia [1°51'54"N 126°08'23"E].

  Secondary source:

   Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. 1981. Révision de la collection d'Eponges d'Amboine (Moluques, Indonésie) constituée par Bedot et Pictet et conservée au Muséum d'Histoire naturelle de Genève. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 88: 723-764 [756].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia carnosa (Topsent, 1897). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia carnosa (Topsent, 1897). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=393869 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=393869 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

Extra Distribution Information

Chistmas Is.; Flying Fish Cove, and also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Subtidal.

History of changes

• Spirastrella congenera Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [469].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1881.10.121.257 wet, 7–9 m, Thursday Is., Torres Strait [10°35'S 142°13'E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia congenera (Ridley, 1884). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia congenera (Ridley, 1884). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170532 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170532 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 7–9 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella digitata Hentschel, E. 1909. Tetraxonida. 347-402 pls 22-23 1. Teil. in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 2 (21). [385].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMH, 7–8 m, NW of Middle Bluff, Shark Bay, WA [25°48'S 113°27'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH unregistered slide Hentschel 145, 2/22.

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia digitata (Hentschel, 1909). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia digitata (Hentschel, 1909). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170533 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170533 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Province (29)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 7–8 m.

History of changes

• Suberites inconstans globosa Dendy, A. 1887. The sponge-fauna of Madras. A report on a collection of sponges obtained in the neighbourhood of Madras by Edgar Thurston, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 20: 153-165 pls 9-12 [155] [Suberites inconstans a collective name, with no nominotypical subspecies].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1887.7.8.4.2, Rameswaram Is., Gulf of Mannar, India [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E].

  Type locality references:

  Dendy, A. 1889. Report on a second collection of sponges from the Gulf of Manaar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 3: 73-99 pls 3-5 [73]; Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [230].
• Suberites inconstans digitata Dendy, A. 1887. The sponge-fauna of Madras. A report on a collection of sponges obtained in the neighbourhood of Madras by Edgar Thurston, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 20: 153-165 pls 9-12 [155].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1887.8.4.3, Rameswaram Is., Gulf of Mannar, India [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E]; BMNH 1887.8.4.4, Rameswaram Is., Gulf of Mannar, India [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E]; MAD number unknown, Rameswaram Is., Gulf of Mannar, India [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E]; BMNH 1987.8.4.32–4a 5 slides 2/21 (unregistered), Rameswaram Is., Gulf of Mannar, India [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E].

  Type locality references:

  Dendy, A. 1889. Report on a second collection of sponges from the Gulf of Manaar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 3: 73-99 pls 3-5 [73]; Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [230].
• Suberites inconstans meandrina Dendy, A. 1887. The sponge-fauna of Madras. A report on a collection of sponges obtained in the neighbourhood of Madras by Edgar Thurston, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 20: 153-165 pls 9-12 [155].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1887.8.4.1., Rameswaram island, Gulf of Mannar, India [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E].

  Type locality references:

  Dendy, A. 1889. Report on a second collection of sponges from the Gulf of Manaar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 3: 73-99 pls 3-5 [73]; Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [230].
• Cliona arndti Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [152] [unjustified replacement name for Suberites inconstans Dendy, supposedly preoccupied by Suberites inconstans Hansen, 1885; de Laubenfels obviously misread Suberites incrustans Hansen].

  Secondary source:

   Burton, M. 1930. Norwegian sponges from the Norman Collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1930: 487-546 [536].
• Suberites inconstans Dendy, A. 1887. The sponge-fauna of Madras. A report on a collection of sponges obtained in the neighbourhood of Madras by Edgar Thurston, Esq. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 20: 153-165 pls 9-12.

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia inconstans (Dendy, 1887). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia inconstans (Dendy, 1887). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170537 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170537 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Batt Reef, Low Isles, Great Barrier Reef; also Indian Ocean and Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 0.5–24 m, coral reefs and associated mangroves.

History of changes

• Spirastrella lacunosa Kieschnick, O. 1898. Die Kieselschwämme von Amboina. Inauguraldissertation. Jena : G. Neuenhahn 66 pp. [45].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) PMJ Porif.93 wet (NMV photo 56/62–65), Thursday Is. [10°35'S 142°13'E]; PMJ Porif.77 wet (NMV photo 57/45–52), Thursday Is. [10°35'S 142°13'E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia lacunosa (Kieschnick, 1898). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia lacunosa (Kieschnick, 1898). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170541 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170541 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, Thursday Is., and also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Timor Transition (1), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Shallow water.

History of changes

• Spirastrella massa Ridley, S.O. & Dendy, A. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 325-351, 470-493 [490].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1987.5.2.23 wet, 69 m, Bass Strait [39°20'S 145°30'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH unregistered 11 slides 2/23.

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia massa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia massa (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170542 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170542 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 68 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella montiformis Hallmann, E.F. 1912. Report on the sponges obtained by the F.I.S. Endeavour on the coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, 1909–10. Part 1. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2: 117-300 69 figs pls 21-36 [119].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM E1540 (NMV photo 29/33,34), 58 m, 11 km E of Double Island Point, QLD [25°56'S 153°18'E].
  Paratype(s) AM E1537 (NMV photo 29/32); AM E1538 wet (NMV photo 29/31); AM Z221 dry fragments of types (NMV photo 5/16); AM Z222 dry (NMV photo 5/16); AM Z223 dry (NMV photo 5/14,15); AM Z224 dry (NMV photo 5/14,15); AM Z225 dry (NMV photo 5/14,15).

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia montiformis (Hallmann, 1912). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia montiformis (Hallmann, 1912). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170544 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170544 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 59 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella papillosa Ridley, S.O. & Dendy, A. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 325-351, 470-493 [491].

  Type data:

   Holotype ZMB fragment of type, 55–64 m, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1887.5.2.312 5 slides 2/23; BMNH 1891.10.3.104 slide 2/23.
• Spirastrella cunctatrix porcata Carter, H.J. 1886. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 17: 40-53, 112-127 [115].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.351 dry (NMV photo 40/5, =AM G2944 slide), Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
• Papillina panis Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [58] [error by Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's ‘Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum’. Part 1. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39: 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24, part, not pl. 1 fig. 1 (=Cliona lutea Lendenfeld), not pl. 1 fig. 2 (=Spirastrella ramulosa Lendenfeld)].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z1472 wet (NMV photo 30/0), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1483 wet (NMV photo 30/1), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1475 wet (NMV photos 22/3–6), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM 1476 wet (not found), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1484 wet (NMV photo 30/2), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1470 wet (NMV photos 30/3,4), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1494 wet (NMV photos 22/16,17), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM G9106 wet (NMV photos 25/13–15), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.8.27.541 wet (=AM G3639 slide), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.12.13.7–15 wet, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; ZMB 2258 wet, 3 slides (depository uncertain), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1954.2.12.12–38 2 slides 92/23, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].

  Secondary source:

   Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's 'Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum'. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39(Part 1): 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24 [294].
• Spirastrella papillosa porosa Dendy, A. 1897. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 3. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 9: 230-259 [253] [Spirastrella cunctatrix: Carter, 1886, part].

  Type data:

   Syntype(s) NMV G2398 4 specimens, dry (=BMNH 1902.10.18.466 slide), 33–36 m, inside and outside Port Phillip Heads [38°07'S 144°48'E].

  Secondary source:

   Ayling, A.L., Stone, S. & Smith, B.J. 1982. Catalogue of types of sponge species from Southern Australia described by Arthur Dendy. Reports of the National Museum of Victoria 1: 97-109 [104].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Dendy, A. 1897. Catalogue of non-calcareous sponges collected by J. Bracebridge Wilson, Esq., M.A., in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads. Part 3. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria ns 9: 230-259 [235]
• Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's 'Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum'. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39(Part 1): 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24 [294]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Port Jackson, Port Phillip, Spencer Gulf, Great Australian Bight; and also W Pacific Ocean (Funafuti) (?).

IMCRA

Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 14–81 m.

General References

Carpay, M. 1986. The marine sponges of Tasmania. A checklist of a number of marine sponges, occurring along the Tasmanian coast. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Department of Bijzondere Dierkunde, Institute of Taxonomic Zoology, Amsterdam. pp. 1–77. [15]

Nevalainen, T.J., Quinn, R.J. & Hooper, J.N.A. 2004. Phospholipase A2 in Porifera. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 137(B): 413-420 [415] (Listed in this article)

Sorokin, S., Fromont, J. & Currie, D. 2007. Demosponge biodiversity in the Benthic Protection Zone of the Great Australian Bight. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 192-204 [195]

Sorokin, S.J., Currie, D.R. & Ward, T.M. 2005. Sponges of the Great Australian Bight Marine Park (Benthic Protection Zone). SARDI Research Report Series Adelaide : SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No RD04/0170 Part 65 pp. 1-92. [16]

Wiedenmayer, F. 1989. Demospongiae (Porifera) from northern Bass Strait (Shelf of Southern Australia). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 50(1): 1-242 [35]

History of changes

• Spirastrella poculoides Hallmann, E.F. 1912. Report on the sponges obtained by the F.I.S. Endeavour on the coasts of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania, 1909–10. Part 1. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2: 117-300 69 figs pls 21-36 [122].

  Type data:

   Holotype AM Z198 2 fragments of type, dry and wet (NMV photos 6/17,18, 23/24–28), 64–73 m, 13 km E of Sandon Bluffs, NSW [29°41'S 153°28'E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia poculoides (Hallmann, 1912). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia poculoides (Hallmann, 1912). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170548 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170548 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 63–72 m.

History of changes

• Alcyonium purpureum Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1815. Suites des polypiers empâtés. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris [1936-1950] 1: 162-168, 331-340 [332].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) MNHN Paris LBIM DT649 3 fragments, Australian seas (as mers de la Nouvelle Hollande); BMNH probable fragment of type, Australian seas (as mers de la Nouvelle Hollande); BMNH fragment of type (not found), Australian seas (as mers de la Nouvelle Hollande); BMNH 1954.3.9.467 slide, Australian seas (as mers de la Nouvelle Hollande); BMNH 1954.3.9.498 slide, Australian seas (as mers de la Nouvelle Hollande); BMNH 1877.5.21.1269 3 slides (2/26) (unregistered MLB 132, ex MNHN 2/26), Australian seas (as mers de la Nouvelle Hollande).
• Suberites wilsoni Carter, H.J. 1885. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 15: 107-117 [113].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.107 wet (=AM G2743 slide), Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.108 5 specimens, wet (NMV photo 34/2); BMNH 1886.12.15.253 dry (=AM G2932 slide); BMNH 1886.12.15.254 dry (NMV photo 40/30); BMNH 1886.12.15.255 dry (NMV photos 40/31); BMNH 1884.10.10.3 dry (NMV photo 40/27,28); BMNH 1886.12.15.1071–108a–253a–255a 5 slides 2/26 (NMV photo 40/27,28).
• Spirastrella bonneti Topsent, E. 1906. Les Clavulides purpurines. Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris [published 1895-1906] 12: 570-575 [574].

  Type data:

   Holotype MNHN Paris, Geelong, VIC [38°09'S 144°21'E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Topsent, E. 1918. Eponges de San Thomé. Essai sur les genres Spirastrella, Donatia et Chondrilla. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 57: 535-618 29 figs [546, 553]

Distribution

States

Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Cape Leewin, Great Australian Bight, Port Phillip Heads, Geelong, and also Indo-Malayan region (?).

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31), Great Australian Bight Shelf Transition (32), Spencer Gulf Shelf Province (33), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 323 m.

General References

Alexander, W.B. 1916. History of zoology in Western Australia. Part II. 1791–1829. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia 1(1914–1915): 83-149 pl. 15 [90] (possibly type locality of Alcyonium purpureum Lamarck, 1815)

Carter, H.J. 1882. Some sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum described, with general and classificatory remarks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 9: 266-301, 346-368 pls 11-12 [352]

Sorokin, S., Fromont, J. & Currie, D. 2007. Demosponge biodiversity in the Benthic Protection Zone of the Great Australian Bight. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 132(2): 192-204 [195]

Sorokin, S.J., Currie, D.R. & Ward, T.M. 2005. Sponges of the Great Australian Bight Marine Park (Benthic Protection Zone). SARDI Research Report Series Adelaide : SARDI Aquatic Sciences Publication No RD04/0170 Part 65 pp. 1-92. [17]

Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1911. The Porifera of the Siboga-Expedition. II. The genus Spirastrella. In Weber, M.W.C. (ed.). Siboga Expéditie Monographie 6A: 1-69 pls 1-14 [7, 34] (on types of Alcyonium purpureum Lamarck, 1815)

History of changes

• Papillina ramulosa Lendenfeld, R. von 1888. Descriptive Catalogue of the Sponges in the Australian Museum, Sydney. London : Taylor & Francis 260 pp. 12 pls. [59] [caption of pl. 1 fig. 2 as Papillina panis, erroneously as Spirastrella? (Papillina) ramulosa in Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's ‘Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum’. Part 1. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39: 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) AM Z1473 wet (NMV photo 30/31), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1487 wet (NMV photo 30/32), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1471 wet (NMV photo 30/33), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1475 wet (NMV photo 22/3–6), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM Z1469 wet (NMV photo 30/34), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; AM wet (no register number), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.8.27.540 wet (=AM G3640 slide), Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; ZMB 1127 4 slides, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH 1886.8.27540a, 1954.2.12.16 2 slides 2/23, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E]; BMNH unregistered 2 slides 2/23, Port Jackson, NSW [33°51'S 151°15'E].

  Secondary source:

   Hallmann, E.F. 1914. A revision of the monaxonid species described as new in Lendenfeld's 'Catalogue of the sponges in the Australian Museum'. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 39(Part 1): 263–315 1 fig. pls 15–24 [297].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia ramulosa (Lendenfeld, 1888). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia ramulosa (Lendenfeld, 1888). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170553 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170553 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

New South Wales

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Central Eastern Shelf Province (38)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Spirastrella cunctatrix robusta Carter, H.J. 1886. Description of sponges from the neighbourhood of Port Phillip Heads, South Australia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 17: 40-53, 112-127 [114].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1886.12.15.352 dry (NMV photo 40/32), Port Phillip Heads, VIC [38°07'S 144°48'E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1886.12.15.353 2 specimens, dry (NMV photo 40/33, =AM G2940 slide); BMNH 1886.12.15.252 dry (NMV photo 40/34,35); BMNH 1902.10.18.85 slide 2/27.

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia robusta (Carter, 1886). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia robusta (Carter, 1886). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170554 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170554 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Victoria

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Bass Strait Shelf Province (35)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 30–36 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella semilunaris Lindgren, N.G. 1897. Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Spongienfauna des Malaiischen Archipels und der Chinesischen Meere. Zoologischer Anzeiger 20: 480-487 [484].

  Type data:

   Holotype NHRM, Java, Indonesia [8°03'18"S 112°13'37"E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia semilunaris (Lindgren, 1897). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia semilunaris (Lindgren, 1897). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170557 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170557 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Christmas Is., Flying Fish Cove; Snake Reef, Turtle Is, Great Barrier Reef; also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 14–24 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella solida Ridley, S.O. & Dendy, A. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 18: 325-351, 470-493 [491].

  Type data:

   Lectotype BMNH 1887.5.2.103 wet, 2 specimens, 33 m, Visayan Sea, Philippines [11°37´N 123°31´E].
  Paralectotype(s) BMNH 1887.5.2.103a 3 slides 2/22; BMNH 1891.10.3.103 slide 2/22.

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia solida (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia solida (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170558 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170558 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Tasmania

Extra Distribution Information

D'Entrecasteaux Channel, and also Indo-Malayan region.

IMCRA

Tasmanian Shelf Province (36)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–32 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella spiculifera Kieschnick, O. 1900. Kieselschwämme von Amboina. In Semon, R. (ed.) Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel ... ausgeführt in den Jahren 1891–1893, 5(5). Denkschr. Med.-Naturw. Ges. Jena 8:. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 8: 545-582 pls 44-45 [545].

  Type data:

   Holotype PMJ Porif.78 wet (NMV photo 57/67–70), Thursday Is. [10°35'S 142°13'E].

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia spiculifera (Kieschnick, 1900). —
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia spiculifera (Kieschnick, 1898). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170559 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170559 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Torres Strait, Thursday Is., and also Ambon, Indonesia.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

History of changes

• Spirastrella tentorioides Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [125].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1907.2.1.124 dry, Sri Lanka (as Ceylon Seas) [8°23'31"N 80°11'24"E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH RN239 2 slides 2/19.

  Secondary source:

   Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1911. The Porifera of the Siboga-Expedition. II. The genus Spirastrella. In Weber, M.W.C. (ed.). Siboga Expéditie Monographie 6A: 1-69 pls 1-14.
• Spirastrella tentorioides australis Hentschel, E. 1909. Tetraxonida. 347-402 pls 22-23 1. Teil. in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Südwest-Australiens. Jena : G. Fischer Vol. 2 (21). [383].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) ZMH, 7–8 m, NW of Middle Bluff, Shark Bay, WA [25°48'S 113°27'E]; ZMB 4274 fragment of type, 7–8 m, NW of Middle Bluff, Shark Bay, WA [25°48'S 113°27'E]; BMNH unregistered slide Hentschel 1472 2/22, 7–8 m, NW of Middle Bluff, Shark Bay, WA [25°48'S 113°27'E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1911. The Porifera of the Siboga-Expedition. II. The genus Spirastrella. In Weber, M.W.C. (ed.). Siboga Expéditie Monographie 6A: 1-69 pls 1-14 [24]

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia tentorioides (Dendy, 1905). —
  Van Soest, R.W.M. & Beglinger, E.J. 2008. Tetractinellid and hadromerid sponges from the Sultanate of Oman. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 82(53): 749-790
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia tentorioides (Dendy, 1905). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170561 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170561 (checked on 2012-01-10)

Distribution

States

Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Shark Bay, and also Indian Ocean.

IMCRA

Southwest Shelf Province (31)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 7–8 m.

History of changes

• Spirastrella vagabunda Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [468].

  Type data:

   
  Syntype(s) BMNH 1882.2.23.307 2 specimens, wet, 7–13 m, Thursday and West Ils, Torres Stait [10°35'S 142°13'E and 10°22'S 142°02'E]; BMNH 1882.2.23.243 wet, 7–13 m, Thursday and West Ils, Torres Stait; BMNH 1882.2.23.243a–307a 4 slides 2/20, 7–13 m, Thursday and West Ils, Torres Stait.

  Type locality references:

  Vosmaer, G.C.J. 1911. The Porifera of the Siboga-Expedition. II. The genus Spirastrella. In Weber, M.W.C. (ed.). Siboga Expéditie Monographie 6A: 1-69 pls 1-14 [14].
• Spirastrella vagabunda trincomaliensis Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [468].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1877.5.2.1862 dry, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka [8°34'08"N 81°13'58"E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1877.5.2.1862a slide 2/20; BMNH 1882.8.2.3 2 slides Galle 2/20.
• Spirastrella cylindrica Kieschnick, O. 1896. Silicispongiae von Ternate nach den Sammlungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Kükenthal. Zoologischer Anzeiger 19: 526-534 [534].

  Type data:

   Holotype SMF 1522 wet* (=Spirastrella vagabunda: Thiele, 1900 primary type status doubtful), Ternate, Molucca Sea, Indonesia [0°47'06"N 127°22'12"E].
• Spirastrella vagabunda tubulodigitata Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [123].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1907.2.1.27 wet, Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH RN154, 218,246, 352 5 slides 2/19.
• Spirastrella vagabunda fungoides Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [124].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1907.2.1.25 wet, Gulf of Mannar, Sri Lanka [8°36'39"N 78°35'27"E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH RN54, 253 3 slides 2/19.
• Spirastrella vagabunda gallensis Dendy, A. 1905. Report on the sponges collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. 57-246 pls 1-16 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. London : Royal Society Vol. 3 Suppl. 18. [124].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1907.2.1.26 originally wet, now dried (coord for "Galle"), Galle Lagoon, Sri Lanka [6°01'58"N 80°13'04"E].
  Paratype(s) BMNH RN178, 179 3 slides 2/19.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Thiele, J. 1900. Kieselschwämme von Ternate. I. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 25: 19-80 pls 2-3 [71, 80 in part]
• Wilson, H.V. 1925. Silicious and horny sponges collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross during the Philippine Expedition, 1907–10. In Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 100(2/4): i-vii 273-532 pls 37-52 [344, resumé in part]
• Bergquist, P.R. 1965. The sponges of Micronesia, Part I. The Palau Archipelago. Pacific Science 19: 123-204 34 figs [184]

Generic Combinations

• Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). —
  Kelly-Borges, M. 1997. Porifera. Sponges. pp. 106–117 in Richmond, M.D. (Ed). A guide to the seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Stockholm, Sweden : Sida/Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC pp. 1-448. [108]
  Sutcliffe, P.R., Hooper, J.N.A. & Pitcher, C.R. 2010. The most common sponges on the Great Barrer Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera). Zootaxa 2616: 1-30 [19]
  van Soest, R. 2011. Spheciospongia vagabunda (Ridley, 1884). In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database. Accessed through: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J. (2011) World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170563 on 2012-01-10. http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=170563 [checked on 2012-01-10] ([checked on 2012-01-10])

Distribution

States

Queensland, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Distributed throughout tropical Australia (from Moreton Bay, Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Qld, Darwin region NT, to the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia).in depths ranging from 14 to 92 m, mainly in habitats dominated by carbonate and sandy substrates. Also recorded from Sri Lanka, Papua New Guinea, Indian Ocean, Philippines, and the Central Pacific.

IMCRA

Northern Shelf Province (25), Northwest Shelf Province (27), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Southwest Shelf Transition (30), Central Eastern Shelf Transition (39), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

In shallow water in back-reefs, on sand near mangroves, depth intertidal waters–35 m.

General References

Anna Padovan, A., Munksgaard, N., Alvarez, B., McGuinness, K., Parry, D. & Gibb, K. 2012. Trace metal concentrations in the tropical sponge Spheciospongia vagabunda at a sewage outfall: synchrotron X-ray imaging reveals the micron-scale distribution of accumulated metals. Hydrobiologia 681: DOI: 10.1007/s10750-011-0916-9 [First online edition]

Fromont, J. 1999. Demosponges of the Houtman Abrolhos. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 175-184 [177] (Listed in this article)

Hooper, J.N.A., Kennedy, J.A., List-Armitage, S.E., Cook, S.D. & Quinn, R. 1999. Biodiversity, species composition and distribution of marine sponges in Northeast Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 44: 263-274 [264] (Referred to as subgenus "Spheciospongia" rather than Spirastrella (Spirastrella))

Hooper, J.N.A. & Kennedy, J.A. 2002. Small-scale patterns of sponge biodiversity (Porifera) on Sunshine Coast reefs, eastern Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 16(4): 637-653 [647] (Listed in this article)

Nevalainen, T.J., Quinn, R.J. & Hooper, J.N.A. 2004. Phospholipase A2 in Porifera. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 137(B): 413-420 [415] (Listed in this article)

Sutcliffe, P.R., Hooper, J.N.A. & Pitcher, C.R. 2010. The most common sponges on the Great Barrer Reef seabed, Australia, include species new to science (Phylum Porifera). Zootaxa 2616: 1-30 [19]

History of changes

Diagnosis

Hadromerida with tylostyles as megascleres and selenasters or amphiaster-like sterrasters (amphinolasters) as primary microscleres forming polygonal cortical crusts. Cortical plates separated by contractile ectosomal pore grooves bearing ostia and oscula. Tylostyles in tracts radiating from the base toward the surface and supporting the margins of the cortical plates. Accessory microscleres include spirasters, spherasters, and spherules (Rützler & Hooper 2000).

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA
(1) Microscleres of the cortex are ovoid or bean-shaped selenasters ------------------------------------- Placospongia
Microscleres of the cortex are dumbbell-like amphispherasters ----------------------------------------------------- Onotoa

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 196-200 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [196]

General References

Bergquist, P.R. 1978. Sponges. London : Hutchinson 268 pp. 12 pls 81 figs 15 tables.

Brien, P., Lévi, C., Sarà, M., Tuzet, O. & Vacelet, J. 1973. Spongiaires. pp. 1-716 485 figs in Grassé, P.P. (ed.). Traité de Zoologie. Anatomie, Systématique, Biologie. Paris : Masson et Cie Vol. 3(1).

Hartman, W.D. 1982. Porifera. pp. 640-666 in Parker, S.P. (ed.). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. New York : McGraw-Hill Vol. 1.

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 196-200 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1.

Rützler, K. & Hooper, J. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Demospongea). Zoosystema 22(2): 337-344

Vosmaer, G.C.J. & Vernhout, J.H. 1902. The Porifera of the Siboga-Expedition. I. The genus Placospongia. In Weber, M.W.C. (ed.). Siboga Expéditie Monographie 6A: 1-17 pls 1-5

History of changes

• Amphinolana Rützler, K. & Hooper, J. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Demospongea). Zoosystema 22(2): 337-344 [339].

  Type species:

   Amphinolana claudelevii Rützler & Hooper, 2000 by original designation.
• Onotoa Laubenfels, M.W. de 1955. Sponges of Onotoa. Pacific Science 9(2): 137-143 [140].

  Type species:

   Onotoa amphiastra De Laubenfels, 1955 by original designation.

Distribution

States

Queensland

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Diagnosis

Crustose sponges with cortical plates separated by grooves. Tracts of megascleres (tylostyles) radiating from the base toward the surface. Stony hard cortex and basal spicule layer formed by unusual, cemented microscleres, barbell-shaped amphispherasters (or amphisterrasters). This spicule type was termed amphinolaster (Rützler & Hooper 2000) to contrast the selenaster of Placospongia, a spiraster derivative (Vosmaer & Vernhout 1902). Accessory microspined spirasters and long-rayed amphiasters (only in the type species) are microscleres found mainly in the choanosome. Two species from intertidal habitats in the Pacific Ocean.

ID Keys

See Family Placospongiidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 196-200 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [197]

History of changes

• Amphinolana claudelevii Rützler, K. & Hooper, J. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Demospongea). Zoosystema 22(2): 337-344 [339].

  Type data:

   Holotype USNM 51356 preserved, Heron Island, North Point, Capricorn Group, Queensland, Australia [23°26.56'S 151°58.75'E ?].
  Paratype(s) QM G313420 preserved, Heron Island, North Point, Capricorn Group, Queensland, Australia [23°26.56'S 151°58.75'E].

  Secondary source:

   Rützler, K. 2002. Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 196-200 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [197].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Known only from type locality.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Aquatic, coral reef, filter-feeder.

General References

Rützler, K. & Hooper, J. 2000. Two new genera of hadromerid sponges (Demospongea). Zoosystema 22(2): 337-344 [339]

History of changes

• Placospongia Gray, J.E. 1867. On Placospongia, a new generic form of Spongiadae in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 127-129 [128].

  Type species:

   Placospongia melobesioides Gray, 1867 by monotypy.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Amphi-Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, S Africa, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Indio-Malayan region, W central and E Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Encrusting or lobate and branching sponges covered by smooth cortical plates separated by contractible grooves. Size from small crusts (average 25cm tall, 2.2mm thick) to erect branches (36cm tall, 1.5 cm and more in diameter). Live color of known species reddish brown to almost black. Skeleton structure radiate, tylostyle bundles running from a basal crust or a central axis (branching specimens) of selenasters toward the cortex and supporting the margins of cortical plates. Megascleres are tylostyles of two size classes the shorter ones in the ectosome), microscleres include selenasters of the cortex and base layer (or central axis) and choanosomal and ectosomal spirasters, spherasters, and spherules; developmental stages of selenasters occur throughout the choanosome.

ID Keys

See Family Placospongiidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867. pp. 196-200 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [198]

General References

Becking, L.E. 2013. Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. ZooKeys 298: 39–76

History of changes

• Geodia carinata Bowerbank, J.S. 1859. On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part I. On the spicula. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 148: 279-332 pls 23-26 [308].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1895.6.7.1 dry, South seas.
  Paratype(s) BMNH 1877.5.21.1390 6 slides 2/3; BMNH 1877.5.21.1391 2 slides 2/3; BMNH 1877.5.21.1392 3 slides 2/3; RSM 1882.61.41 slide.

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Prince of Wales Channel, Torres Strait, also West Indian region, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region, S(?) and E Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–54 m.

General References

Becking, L.E. 2013. Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. ZooKeys 298: 39–76

History of changes

• Placospongia melobesioides Gray, J.E. 1867. On Placospongia, a new generic form of Spongiadae in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 127-129 [127].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH (not found), Borneo [1°37'33"N 112°47'34"E].

Distribution

States

Queensland

Extra Distribution Information

Thursday Is., also West Indian region, S Africa, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Torres Strait, Indo-Malayan region and W Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41)

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth subtidal–45 m.

General References

Becking, L.E. 2013. Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific. ZooKeys 298: 39–76

History of changes

Diagnosis

Encrusting sponges with limestone-excavating capability in early stages but without adult endolithic habit. Exhalant canal system apparent at the surface (particularly obvious in live sponges, contracted in preserved specimens) as meandering, vein-like structures converging on oscula. Skeleton formed by relatively uncommon megascleres in ascending radial tracts and dense layers of microscleres in the ectosomal region and as base layer. Megascleres mainly tylostyles, tracts starting at the sponge base and ending in bouquet-like fashion (spicule points outward) in the ectosomal region or protruding beyond the sponge surface; some megascleres oriented at random in the choanosome. Microscleres composed of large and stout streptasters (spirasters, diplasters), very common throughout the sponge but forming extra-dense cortex-like layers in the ectosome and at the base (substrate attachment).

ID Keys

KEY TO GENERA
(1) Microscleres composed primarily of spirasters ---------------------------------------------------------------- Spirastrella
Microscleres composed primarily of diplasters --------------------------------------------------------------------- Diplastrella

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. pp. 220-223 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [220]

General References

Rosell, D. & Uriz, M.J. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships within the excavating Hadromerida (Porifera), with a systematic revision. Cladistics 13: 349-366

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. pp. 220-223 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1.

Vicente, V., Ruetzler, K., Carballeira, N.M. 1991. Comparative morphology, ecology and fatty acid composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongea). Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I: Marine Ecology 12(3): 211-226

History of changes

• Spirastrella Schmidt, E.O. 1868. Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres. Leipzig : Engelmann 44 pp. 5 pls. [17].

  Type species:

   Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868 by monotypy.
• Chondrillina Laubenfels, M.W. de 1936. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. (Tortugas Lab. Paper No. 467). Publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Washington 30: 1-225 22 pls 1 map [182].

  Type species:

   Chondrilla phyllodes Schmidt, 1870 by original designation.

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Wiedenmayer, F. 1977. Shallow-water Sponges of the Western Bahamas. Basel : Birkhäuser (Experientia Suppl. 28) 287 pp. 43 pls. [162]

Distribution

States

New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Amphi-Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, S Africa, Indian Ocean, Indo-Malayan region, New Zealand, Japan, W central and E Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Christmas Island Province (23), Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Other Regions

Coral Sea Islands Territory, Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Distribution References

Diagnosis

Spirastrellidae with dense layers of spirasters in both ectosomal and basal choanosomal regions of the sponge. Spirasters are very common and of considerable size range; tylostyles comparatively small and rare.

ID Keys

See Family Spirostrellidae Diagnosis.

Diagnosis References

Rützler, K. 2002. Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy, 1886. pp. 220-223 in Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers Vol. 1. [223]

General References

Hartman, W.D. & Goreau, T.F. 1970. Jamaican coralline sponges: their morphology, ecology and fossil relatives. In The biology of the Porifera. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 25: 205-243 [2] (presenting alternative taxonomic arrangement)

History of changes

• Spirastrella decumbens Ridley, S.O. 1884. Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. Alert, 1881–1882. Spongiida. (Part 1, Australian sponges). London : British Museum (Natural History) 366-482, pls 39-43. [470].

  Type data:

   Holotype BMNH 1882.2.23.278 wet (Was erroneously referred to as 'Albert Island' in Hooper & Wiedenmayer (1994)), 13 m, Alert Rocks/Alert Patches, Torres Strait [10°25'S 142°10'E].

Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy

• Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] (rejects alleged conspecificity of this species with the Mediterranean species Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868, proposed by Vacelet, J., Vasseur, P. & Lévi, C. 1976. Spongiaires de la pente externe des récifs coralliens de Tuléar (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar). Mémoires. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris ns A 49: 1–116 78 figs pls 1–10 [32])

Distribution

States

Queensland, Victoria, Western Australia

Extra Distribution Information

Fremantle and Koombana Bay, Alert Is., Torres Strait, Port Phillip Heads, also Indo-Malayan region, W central Pacific Ocean.

IMCRA

Central Western Shelf Transition (28), Central Western Shelf Province (29), Western Bass Strait Shelf Transition (34), Bass Strait Shelf Province (35), Southeast Shelf Transition (37), Northwest Province (4), Northeast Shelf Province (40), Northeast Shelf Transition (41), Central Western Transition (5)

Other Regions

Torres Strait Islands terrestrial, marine & freshwater

Ecological Descriptors

Filter-feeder, marine, sessile.

Extra Ecological Information

Depth 0–40 m.

General References

Hooper, J.N.A. in Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. 1994. Porifera. pp. 1-620 in Wells, A. (ed.). Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Melbourne : CSIRO Australia Vol. 12 xiii 624 pp. [Date published 21/Nov/1994] [372] (rejected synonymy with Spirastrella cunctatrix Schmidt, 1868)

History of changes